• 핵의학기술
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Purpose: The evaluation of SUV (Standardized Uptake Values) for quantitative analysis in PET exam is the most significant. In PET exam, we make attenuation correction images by using $^{68}Ge$, $^{137}Cs$ or CT data. At this time, a distorted attenuation map affects quantitative analysis. After the exam using barium-sulfate and high density of barium contrast make attenuation map distorted. And then it brings bed influences on SUV. The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between high density barium-sulfate and SUV in PET exam. Materials and Methods By using $^{18}F$-FDG, we made barium-sulfate powder, density of 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 10 and 15% respectively and acquired PET and PET/CT images per each density. And we examined SUV variations from PET and PET/CT images according to differences of barium's density. Moreover, we finally calculated SUV causing variations in HU (Hounsfield Units) values to justify whether the differences of barium density bring any changes in PET/CT exam. Results: From PET images acquired from transmission scan with $^{68}Ge$, we got SUV figures from 6.46 to 6.8 in barium density between 0 to 15 percent. On the other hand, In PET images acquired from Tx scan that using CT, SUV was 6.77 to 23.73, derived from the same barium density. And CT HU values range from 29 to 2004. Conclusion: PET images from Tx data using $^{68}Ge$ weren't affected by barium density and had no differences in SUV. But in the PET/CT images using CT Tx data, there's considerable variations in HU and SUV values according to a difference of barium density in HU values. To perform a precise examination, barium sulfate should be removed from a human body before performing a PET exam.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2008

In a wireless channel above microwave frequency, rain attenuation is very important. In order to predict rain attenuation, 1-min. rain rate distribution is required. This paper discusses appropriate conversion methods to estimate 1-minute rain rate from that of other integration time. Based on the measurement data filed in ITU-R WP3J including ETRI data for 6 consecutive years, distributions of rain rate with 1-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 30-minute integration time were analyzed, both on the global and regional basis, and the parametric relationship between the statistical characteristics of 1-minute and other measurement data were investigated to deduce the conversion methods. It is shown that the global model works good with good accuracy for 5-, 10-, 20-min integration time, and the global model is also applicable globally with good accuracy for 5-, 10-, 20-min integration time. The global conversion model was adopted last year as an ITU-R document for new recommendation. The regional conversion model would also be very useful for locations of similar climatic zone.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2008

The firmness of fruit is one of the most important quality factors and is highly correlated to the elastic modulus. In this study, the ultrasonic transmission method was applied to evaluate the elastic modulus of the apple. In order to transmit and receive the ultrasonic wave through the whole apple, the ultrasonic measurement setup consisted of ultrasonic pulser, two specially fabricated ultrasonic transducers for fruit and digital storage oscilloscope. Ultrasonic parameters such as ultrasonic wave velocity, apparent attenuation, and peak frequencies were analyzed. The elastic modulus of apple was measured by using compression test apparatus. The correlations between ultrasonic parameters and elastic modulus were analyzed. A multiple linear regression model describing the relationship between elastic modulus and ultrasonic parameters was proposed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2012

In situ particle size spectra are obtained from two sequent cruises in order to evaluate the physical consequences of suspended particulate matters caused by episodic storm runoff from the Santa Ana River watershed, an urbanized coastal watershed. Suspended particles from various sources including surface runoff, near-bed resuspension, and phytoplankton are identified in empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and an entropy-based parameterization (Shannon entropy). The first EOF mode is associated with high turbidity and fine particles as indicated by the elevated beam attenuation near the Santa Ana River and Newport Bay outlets, and the second EOF mode explains the suspended sediment dispersal and particle coarsening at the near-surface plume. Chlorophyll particles are also distinguished by negative magnitudes of the first EOF mode, which is supported by the relationship between fluorescence and beam attenuation. The integrated observation between the first EOF mode and the Shannon entropy index accentuates the characteristics of two different structures and/or sources of sediment particles; the near-surface plumes are originated from runoff water outflow, while the near-bottom particles are resuspended due to increased wave heights or mobilizing bottom turbidity currents. In a coastal pollution context, these methods may offer useful means of characterizing particle-associated pollutants for purposes of source tracking and environmental interpretation.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume I
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• pp.483-486
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• 2006

The study describes the monitoring of the Bay of Bengal as a ballast water exchangeable sea using MODIS/Aqua-derived diffuse attenuation coefficient (K(490)) synchronized with in situ ballast water sampling and analysis along the LNG carrier's route between Japan and Qatar from 2002 to 2005. Based on the relationship between K(490) and corresponding in situ plankton cell densities, the Bay of Bengal is recognized as a ballast water exchangeable sea to meet the regulation of ballast water performance standard of International Maritime Organization (IMO). Furthermore the Bay of Bengal with more than 200m depth and more than 200 nautical mile distance from shore is extracted based on the regulation of ballast water exchange area of IMO. However, an anomalously high K(490) area is found off the coast of Sri Lanka during the northeast monsoon in 2005, which corresponds higher cell densities than the criterion set by the regulation of IMO. The phenomenon of high cell density in the Bay of Bengal seems to be related with the phytoplankton bloom during the northeast monsoon. Seasonal and annual variability of phytoplankton bloom will be investigated to establish an early routing system for avoiding the high cell density area in advance.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2016

A stainless steel has high corrosion resistance because of nickel in material, so it is used as materials for transportation and storage of hydrogen. In this study, TIG(tungsten ingot gas) welding was carried out on the stainless steel using the storage vessel of hydrogen. The microscopic structures at each region of TIG welded material such as HAZ, weld and base metals using optical microscope were observed. And the damage behavior of stainless steel that underwent the hydrogen charging using nondestructive evaluation was also studied. Ultrasonic test, which is the most generalized nondestructive technique, was applied to evaluate the relationship between the ultrasonic wave and mechanical properties at each zone of TIG welded stainless steel. The velocity and attenuation coefficients of ultrasonic wave didn't show a remarkable difference at each region of welded stainless steel. However, the attenuation coefficient was the highest at the weld zone when hydrogen charged stainless steel. In addition, acoustic emission test was also used to study the dynamic behavior of stainless steel experienced both hydrogen charging and weld. Lots of AE event at elastic region of stress-strain curve were occurred both the hydrogen charged specimen and the free specimen.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.774-783
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• 2004

다중채널 탄성파 자료를 이용하여 낙동강 하구 삼각주 지역 연약지반의 지반 특성을 구하기 위하여 S파 속도와 Q$s^{-1}$ 구조를 구하고 이를 시추조사 결과와 비교하였다. 다중채널 신호의 분산곡선을 역산하여 S파 속도구조를 구하고 감쇠지수(attenuation coefficient)를 구하였다. 다중채널 신호 중 음원에서 가장 가까운 신호를 기준 신호로 정하고 10 Hz에서 45 Hz 사이의 주파수에 대하여 거리에 따라 기준 신호에 대한 진폭의 비가 감소하는 정도를 나타내는 기울기를 구하여 감쇠지수를 결정하였다. 이 감쇠지수를 역산하여 지반 최상부 8 m 층의 S파 속도와 함께 Q$s^{-1}$를 구하였다. 이 지역의 시추조사에 의하면 이 지역의 지층은 크게 상부 4 m 실트질 모래층과 하부 4 m 실트질 점토층으로 나누어진다. 표면파 역산에 의해 구해진 S파 속도와Q$s^{-1}$를 시추조사 결과와 비교해보면, 상부 실트질 모래층에서 S파 속도의 공간적 해상도는 약 80m/sec로 하부 실트질 점토층의 속도 40m/sec보다 상대적으로 높은 값을 보인다. 각 층에서 S파 속도의 공간적 해상도는 뚜렷하다. Q$s^{-1}$의 공간구조는 상부 실트질 모래층에서 약 0.02를 보이고 하부 실트질 점토층에서 0.03으로 증가하는 양상을 보인다. Q$s^{-1}$의 공간적 해상도는 상부 약 5 m 구간에서는 양호하나 그 보다 깊은 곳에서는 공간적 해상도가 아주 낮아지는 것을 볼 수 있다. 이 조사지역에서는 실트질 모래층에서 실트질 점토층보다 높은 S파 속도가 나타나고 낮은 Q$s^{-1}$ 값을 보인다. 그러나, 지반의 S파 속도와 Q$s^{-1}$를 결정하는 다른 많은 요인들이 있으므로 이를 일반화하기 위해서는 연약지반의 S파 속도와Q$s^{-1}$에 관한 자료와 연구가 집적되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.550-559
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• 2017

위성 단말기가 차량 이동하면서 통신을 유지하려면 실시간 안테나 방위각과 앙각 보정이 필요하다. 앙각 보정은 안테나에 유입되는 외부 잡음온도 변동을 수반하여 시스템 G/T에 영향을 끼친다. G/T는 안테나이득 G(Gain)와 잡음온도 T(Noise temperature)의 비율로 표현되며, 안테나 이득설계에 필요한 중요 성능지수이다. 본 논문은 앙각변동을 고려한 G/T 분석 및 안테나 설계절차 수립을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 ITU-R P.372 Radio Noise 권고사항에 따라 강우감쇠를 포함한 휘도온도와 앙각과의 관계를 분석하였다. 다음에 분석결과를 기반으로 안테나를 제작하여 G/T 측정에 의한 설계절차를 검증하였다. 이 실험을 통해 앙각에 따른 G/T를 확인하였으며, 시스템에서 요구되는 최소 안테나 이득 분석 및 설계절차를 수립할 수 있었다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2015

Embrittlement of material by hydrogen charging should be cleared for safety of storage vessel of hydrogen and components deal with hydrogen. A stainless steel is generally used as materials for hydrogen transportation and storage, and it has a big advantage of corrosion resistance due to nickel component in material. In this study, microscopic damage behavior of stainless steel according to the hydrogen charging time using nondestructive evaluation was studied. The surface of stainless steel became more brittle as the hydrogen charging time increased. The parameters of nondestructive evaluation were also changed with the embrittlement of stainless steel surface by hydrogen charging. Ultrasonic test, which is the most generalized nondestructive technique, was applied to evaluate the relationship between the ultrasonic wave and mechanical properties of stainless steel by hydrogen charging. The attenuation coefficient of ultrasonic wave was increased with hydrogen charging time because of surface embrittlement of stainless steel. In addition, acoustic emission test was also used to study the dynamic behavior of stainless steel experienced hydrogen charging. AE event at the hydrogen charged specimen was obviously decreased at the plastic zone of stress-strain curves, while the number of event for the specimen of hydrogen free was dramatically generated when compared with the specimens underwent hydrogen charging.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.16-21
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• 1986

Optical properties of sea water were studied in the entrance of Tokyo Bay, Japan. based on the data obtained from seven oceanographic stations in June. 1985. The observation of surface irradiance and underwater irradiance of sea water for eight kind of wavelength (378, 422, 481, 513, 570, 621, 653. 677nm) of sun light was conducted using the underwater irradiameter (Isigawa # SR-8). The mean att;enuation coefficient of the sea water was appeared to be 0.245 (0.042-0.776) and the attenuation co~fficient of the sea water for wavelength appeared such as 0.227 for 378 nm, 0.186 for 422 nm. O. 175 for 481 nm. O. 176 for 513 nm. O. 185 for 570 nm, 0.337 for 621 nm. O. 321 for 653 nm, O. 348 for 677 nm. The transparency was 7.0 m (5.5-9 m). water color was 10 (8.0-13.0) in the study area and the sun altitude was 60.95$^{\circ}$ (43.610-75.500). The relationship between attenuation coefficient (K) and transparency (D) was K = 2.63/ D (1.28/ D- 4. 87/D). The rate of light penetration for eight kind of wave Ie nth (378, 422. 481. 513. 570, 621, 653, 677 nm) were computed with reference to the surface light intensity respectively. The mean rate of light penetration in proportion to depths were 68.63% (46.02-86.07%) in 1 m layer, 18.40% (2.07 -48.48%) in 5m layer, 4.82% (0.042-22.30%) in 10m layer and 1.35% (0.01I-7.42%) in 20m layer. The rate of light penetration at the transparency layer with reference to the surface light intensity was shown as 10.39% (0.77-27.46%).