• 천문학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2000

A baffle system for an airglow photometer, which will be on board the Korea Sounding Rocket-III(KSR-III), has been designed to suppress strong solar scattered lights from the atmosphere below the earth limb. Basic principles for designing a baffle system, such as determination of baffle dimensions, arrangement of vanes inside a baffle tube, and coating of surfaces, have been reviewed from the literature. By considering the constraints of the payload size of the KSR-III and the incident angle of solar light scattered from the earth limb, we first determined dimensions of a two-stage baffle tube for the airglow photometer. We then calculated positions and heights of vanes to prohibit diffusely reflected lights inside the baffle tube from entering into the photometer. In order to evaluate performance of the designed baffle system, we have developed a ray tracing program using a Monte Carlo method. The program computed attenuation factors of the baffle system on the order of $10^{-6}$ for angles larger than $10^{\circ}$, which satisfies the requirements of the KSR-III airglow experiment. We have also measured the attenuation factors for an engineering model of the baffle system with a simple collimating beam apparatus, and confirmed the attenuation factors up to about $10^{-4}$. Limitation of the apparatus does not allow to make more accurate measurements of the attenuation factors.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권11호
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• pp.3808-3815
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• 2021

In this paper, the EPICS2017 photoatomic database was used to evaluate the photon mass attenuation coefficients and buildup factors of soils collected at different depths in the Philippine islands. The extraction and interpolation of the library was accomplished at the recommended linear-linear scales to obtain the incoherent and total cross section and mass attenuation coefficient. The buildup factors were evaluated using the G-P fitting method in ANSI/ANS-6.4.3. An agreement was achieved between XCOM, MCNP5, and EPICS2017 for the calculated mass attenuation coefficient values. The buildup factors were reported at several penetration depths within the standard energy grid. The highest values of both buildup factor classifications were found in the energy range between 100 and 400 keV where incoherent scattering interaction probabilities are predominant, and least at the region of predominant photoionization events. The buildup factors were examined as a function of different soil silica contents. The soil samples with larger silica concentrations were found to have higher buildup factor values and hence lower shielding characteristics, while conversely, those with the least silica contents have increased shielding characteristics brought by the increased proportions of the abundant heavier oxides.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1615-1617
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• 2009

The water resources project of 320 Ha second stage reclamation, in which including an University City, out of 800 Ha Ndata Farm, Malawa, had been under studied in this research. The challenge of C value of runoff coefficient was obtained as 0.8, by introducing the attenuation factors method, proposed by second author, an IDF dimensionless method customary used in Taiwan, proposed by the third author, is translated further to solve the project design rainfall; Rational Method, thus, obtains 11.5 CMS as the 5 year recurrence storage. The final job, completed by the third author's on-site performance, includs field alignments and discussions with the trustee, Malawa President H. E. Dr. Bingu Wa Mutharika, when a special concern of anti-theft. In order to provide sufficient supply up to an amount of 44,000 M3 during April to November, the sketch package includes 6 measurements: one water barrage, one sluice gate, one intake, one sediment reservoir, one water reservoir, and 3199 Km long gravity-driving hydraulic pipe.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.297-304
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• 2001

Recently the road traffic noise has appeared as a significant environmental issue because of dramatic increase of vehicles and expansion of newly constructed road. Therefore, this study proposes the method that improves prediction factors and models through analysis of the existing road traffic noise prediction model. Prediction factors can be improved by establishing guideline for diffraction attenuation and applying daily traffic discharge, peak traffic discharge, and average traveling speed through an analysis of level service. Prediction must be made by periods of one or five years during 20 years. Prediction models also can be improved to include better prediction model through setting the database, establishing functional relation between physical properties and noise levels by acoustic analysis, and developing models for road traffic noise prediction in residential areas.

• 지질공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 1996

지반진동이 지표적인 토양에서 거리에 따라 어떻게 감소되는지 밝히기 위하여 탄성파의 진폭변화를 측정하였다.야외에서 12-ch 탄성파 탐지기를 이용하여 디지털 자료로 자료로 기록한 증폭되지 않은 진폭자료를 분석하였다. 탄성파의 주파수분석결과 최대 스펙트럼 진폭은 40Hz부근에서 나타나고 있다. 조사지역의 감쇠경향은 지수함수적임을 보여주고 있으며 탐사지역의 지반감쇠 요소들을 계산한 결과 기하감쇠지수 (n)는 0.25,내부감쇠지수(a)는 0.13-0.20임을 보여주고 있다. 습윤토양지역에서는 내부감쇠지수 (a)가 0.13, 식생토양지역에서는 0.20를 보여 습윤토양에서보다 식생발달 토양지역에서 지반진동이 훨씬 빨리 감쇠하는 현상을 보인다. 또한 탄성파 자료분석을 통한 탄성파전파속도와 주파수분석을 이용하여 흙의 평균 내부감쇠정수(h)가 0.094임을 밝혔다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제27권spc호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2022

Although various methods have been proposed to assess groundwater vulnerability, most of the models merely consider the mobility of contaminants (i.e., intrinsic vulnerability), and the attenuation capacity of vadose zone is often neglected. This study proposed an evaluation model for the attenuation capacity of vadose zone to supplement the limitations of the existing index method models for assessing groundwater vulnerability. The evaluation equation for quantifying the attenuation capacity was developed from the combined linear regression and weighted scaling methods based on the lab-scale experiments using various vadose zone soils having different physical and biogeochemical properties. The proposed semi-quantifying model is expected to effectively assess the attenuation capacity of vadose zone by identifying the main influencing factors as input parameters together with proper weights derived from the coefficients of the regression results. The subsequent scoring and grading system has great versatility while securing the objectivity by effectively incorporating the experimental results.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.1006-1015
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• 1998

20GHz 이상의 주파수대에서 대기중 감쇠에 있어서 고려해야 할 인자로는 대기분자, 강우, 강설, 안개 등이 있으며 이 중 가장 큰 영향은 강우에 의한 감쇠이다. 강우로 인한 감쇠는 강우강도에 의해서 그 감쇠정도가 결정되고, 강우강도는 공간적 시간적으로 변동이 매우 다양하다. 따라서 강우강도에 의한 시간적 공간적 데이터의 확보와 정확한 강우강도의 추정은 정확하고 신뢰성 있는 회선설계를 위하여 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 제주도를 제외한 남한전역의 32개 측후소로부터 얻을 수 있는 최근 10여년 간의 디지털 강우강도 데이터를 확보하여 지역별 강우강도와 시간율의 관계를 경험적으로 분석하였으며, 강우강도의 분포를 추정하기 위한 여러 가지 방법론을 비교 분석하였고 한국실정에 맞는 방법론을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2018

Background: Heat energy produced in nuclear reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities interactions modifies the physical properties of the shielding materials containing water content. Therefore, in the present paper, effect of the heat on shielding effectiveness of the concretes is investigated for gamma and neutron. The mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, fast neutron removal cross-section and exposure buildup factors. Materials and Methods: The mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers, fast neutron removal cross-section and exposure buildup factors of ordinary and heavy concretes were investigated using NIST data of XCOM program and Geometric Progression method. Results and Discussion: The improvement in shielding effectiveness for photon and reduction in fast neutron for ordinary concrete was observed. The change in the neutron shielding effectiveness was insignificant. Conclusion: The present investigation on interaction of gamma and neutron radiation would be very useful for assessment of shielding efficiency of the concrete used in high temperature applications such as reactors.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.696-701
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• 2003

This paper presents a systematic method of probing channel characteristics and communication reliabilities of home power line communication network applied to the Internet accessed control of home appliances. The effects of the three performance deterioating factors, i.e., additive noise, channel attenuation, and intersymbol interference, can be systematically measured by applying the channel probing waveform in the frequency range from 100KHz to 450KHz. Probability of bit error is derived with the probed channel parameters of the signal attenuation, noise and signal-to-interference ratio read in the frequency domain. The agreement between the derived probability of bit error and the measured probability of bit error supports the validity of the proposed approach of probing home power line channel characteristics. The experimental results performed with the constructed test-bed applying the proposed channel probing method also support the feasibility of commercially deploying the PLC modem installed home appliances and their services for the Internet accessed home automation.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.163-173
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• 1998

핵의학 단층촬영기를 이용하여 몸 안에서 일어나는 신진대사, 혈류량 공급, 생화학적 변화, 또는 뇌에서의 도파민 운반체, 수용체 등의 영상을 획득한 후 정량화할 수 있다면 환자의 조기진단뿐만 아니라 치료계획을 세우고 치료경과 등을 객관적으로 측정하는데 매우 유용할 것이다. 그러나 물리적 요소들인 감쇠, 산란, 부분용적 효과, 노이즈, 그리고 재구성 알고리즘 등은 SPECT 의 디자인에 관계없이 영상의 정성적 또는 정량적 결과에 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 뇌 촬영용 단일 결정 SPECT와 뇌 모형 팬텀을 이용하여 물리적 요소들 중 특히 감쇠와 산란의 영향을 정량화하고 보정 방법에 따른 결과를 정량 분석하였다. 산란 보정은 주 에너지 창 140keV$\pm$10% (126～154 keV)와 산란에너지 창 119keV$\pm$6% (112～126keV)를 이용하여 데이터를 획득한 후 산란 에너지 창의 100%를 빼주는 방법을 적용하였다. 영상 재구성은 차단주파수 0.95cycles/cm와 차수 10을 적용한 저역통과 Butterworth 여과기로 여과하여 여과후 역투사 방법으로 재구성하였다. 감쇠 상수는 산란 보정을 하지 않은 경우와 한 경우에 따라 각각 0.12cycles/cm 와 0.15cycles/cm 를 적용하여 뇌 내에서의 균일한 감쇠계수로 가정하고 Chang 방법에 의하여 감쇠에 대한 보정을 하였다. 정량분석을 위해 기저핵이 뚜렷이 보이는 3개의 단층면을 선택하여 기저핵과 그 외 뇌 영역에 관심영역을 구하였다. 산란보정을 하지 않았을 때 감쇠보정을 한 후의 ROI 값은 감쇠 보정전 ROI 값에 비해 기저핵 2.20배 배후 방사능 2.10배였다. 반면에 감쇠보정 후와 감쇠보정 전의 기저핵과 배후방사능의 비율은 매우 비슷했다. 산란보정을 한 후 감쇠보정을 한 ROI 값은 감쇠보정 전 ROI 값과 비교할 때 기저핵 2.69 배 배후 방사능 2.64 배로 뇌 영상의 절대적 정량적 분석을 위해서는 반드시 감쇠 보정이 필요한 것을 보여준다. 기저핵과 배후 방사능의 참값 비율이 6.58, 4.68, 1.86 일 때 산란 보정과 감쇠보정을 한 경우는 참값의 76%, 80%, 82%로 측정하였고 감쇠보정을 하지 않은 경우는 75%, 81%, 81%로 측정하였다. 참값의 비율이 낮을수록 참값에 가깝게 측정하였으나 산란과 감쇠보정을 한 경우에도 참값에 비해 약 20% 의 과소평가를 볼 수 있었다. 이는 본 논문에서 자세히 다루지 않은 부분용적 효과와 재구성 알고리즘 그리고 위에서 적용한 대략적인 감쇠와 산란보정 방법의 원인으로 사료되며 앞으로 더욱 연구되어야 할 분야이다.