• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2008

목 적 : 수두에 대한 개체 면역력을 평가하는데 있어서 약독화 수두백신을 불활성화 시킨 후 희석시켜 만든 용액을 이용한 피부시험이 유용한지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2005년도 7월에서 8월까지 한림대의료원 강동성심병원 의료진 19명과 입원한 소아 22명을 포함한 총 41명(남자 22명, 여자 19명, 만 1-32세)을 대상으로 하였다. 수두 감염의 과거력, 수두 예방접종 여부에 대한 사항은 설문지를 통해 이루어졌고 피부시험을 위한 용액은 Oka 균주의 약독화 수두백신을 상온에 10일간 방치하여 불활성화 시킨 후, 이를 다시 생리식염수로 50배 희석하여 사용하였다. 이 용액을 우측 상완 전박부에 피내 주사하였고 대조액으로 반대편 상완 전박부에 생리식염수액을 피내 주사하였다. 48시간 이후 경결의 직경 5 mm 이상일 때 양성으로 판독하였다. 또한 효소면역분석법을 이용하여 혈청 VZV 특이 IgG 항체가를 측정하여 피부시험 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 결 과 : 효소면역분석법을 이용한 항체 검사에 대한 성인에서의 수두 피부시험의 민감도는 94.7%이고 양성 예측도는 100%였다. 동일한 판정 기준을 소아에 적용하였을 때 양성 예측도와 특이도는 100%로 높았으나 민감도와 음성 예측도는 각각 50%, 30.7%로 낮았다. 소아에서의 VZV 피부반응도는 성인에 비해 낮았다. 결 론 : 약독화 수두백신을 불활성화, 희석시켜 만든 용액을 이용한 피부시험은 수두에 대한 면역력을 예측하는데 있어, 간편하고 안전한 저가의 유용한 검사이다. 그러나 피부시험에서 양성판정기준을 결정할 때 조사목적, 대상연령 등을 고려하여 신중히 판단하여야 할 것이며, 이에 대해서는 향후 더 많은 대상에서 추가 연구가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2013

To develop a live vaccine candidate using an attenuated strain of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), biochemical properties, plasmid profile, PFGE patterns and pathogenic analysis of the ST isolate were carried out after sequential passage of the ST isolate in porcine neutrophils. By the passage, the ability of the neutrophil-adapted isolate to utilize d-xylose was lost, while the ability of the strain to ferment trehalose was delayed after 2 or more days of the culture. Also, changes including deletion of the gene fragments were observed in PFGE analysis of the neutrophil-adapted isolates. Two plasmids, 105kb and 50kb, were cured in the strain passaged over 15 times in porcine neutrophils. The 50% of lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of the parent strain was changed from $1{\times}10^5\;LD_{50}$ to $6{\times}10^6\;LD_{50}$ by the passage in intraperitoneal injection of the strains into mice. These results suggested that bacterial genotypic and phenotypic responses might be globally altered depending on the inside environment of neutrophils.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.54.1-54.13
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• 2023

Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines do not provide full cross-protection, mainly due to the virus genetic variability. Despite this, vaccines based on modified-live PRRSV (PRRSV-MLV) reduce the disease impact. Objectives: To assess the efficacy of two commercial vaccines-one based on PRRSV1 (PRRSV1-MLV) and another on PRRSV2 (PRRSV2-MLV)-against a Japanese PRRSV2 field strain. Methods: Two groups of three-week-old piglets were vaccinated (G1: PRRSV1-MLV; G2: PRRSV2-MLV) and two were kept as non-vaccinated (INF and CTRL). One month later, G1, G2, and INF were challenged with a PRRSV2 field strain. Results: After the challenge, clinical signs were only observed in INF. Moreover, the highest rectal temperatures and values for the area under the curve (AUC) were observed in INF. Regarding viral detection, both AUC and the proportion of positive samples in blood were higher in INF. In G1, viremic animals never reached 100%. At necropsy (21 d after the challenge), differences for titers among groups were only found in tonsils (G1 < G2 and INF). One animal (belonging to G1) was negative in all tissues. Regarding humoral responses, G1 and G2 seroconverted after vaccination, as detected in the corresponding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific neutralizing antibodies (NA) against PRRSV1-MLV were already detected at 14 d after vaccination in G1, showing a significant booster after the challenge, while PRRSV2-MLV NA were detected in G2 at the end of the experiment. Conclusions: Despite genetic differences, PRRSV1-MLV has been demonstrated to confer partial protection against a Japanese PRRSV2 strain, at least as good as PRRSV2-MLV.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2019

Chronic infection with intracellular Brucella abortus (B. abortus) in livestock remains as a major problem worldwide. Thus, the search for an ideal vaccine is still ongoing. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a combination of B. abortus recombinant proteins; superoxide dismutase (rSodC), riboflavin synthase subunit beta (rRibH), nucleoside diphosphate kinase (rNdk), 50S ribosomal protein (rL7/L12) and malate dehydrogenase (rMDH), cloned and expressed into a pMal vector system and $DH5{\alpha}$, respectively, and further purified and applied intraperitoneally into BALB/c mice. After first immunization and two boosters, mice were infected intraperitoneally (IP) with $5{\times}10^4CFU$ of virulent B. abortus 544. Spleens were harvested and bacterial loads were evaluated at two weeks post-infection. Results revealed that this combination showed significant reduction in bacterial colonization in the spleen with a log protection unit of 1.31, which is comparable to the average protection conferred by the widely used live attenuated vaccine RB51. Cytokine analysis exhibited enhancement of cell-mediated immune response as IFN-${\gamma}$ is significantly elevated while IL-10, which is considered beneficial to the pathogen's survival, was reduced compared to control group. Furthermore, both titers of IgG1 and IgG2a were significantly elevated at three and four-week time points from first immunization. In summary, our in vivo data revealed that vaccination with a combination of five different proteins conferred a heightened host response to Brucella infection through cell-mediated immunity which is desirable in the control of intracellular pathogens. Thus, this combination might be considered for further improvement as a potential candidate vaccine against Brucella infection.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.77-77
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• 1995

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) contains several nonstructural genes which are required for the viral replication and disease pathogenesis. Among them, tat and nef genes encode an essential transactivator of HIV-1 LTR and a pluripotent protein which seems to be essential for the in vivo but not in vitro viral replication, respectively. We constructed two tat and n of defective HIV-1 and tested for their ability to replicate in several T cells. The defective viruses did not replicate in CD4$\^$+/ T cells, but rescued in the recombinant Jurkat-tat cell which also contains tat gene. The replication of tat and nef defective HIV-1 which expresses chloramphenicol acetyltransferase(CAT) gene was easily detected by a sensitive CAT assay. No revertant was identified during the passages of the mutant viruses for more than two months in Jurkat-tat cells. tat and n of defective HIV-1 could be used instead of wild type viruse for several purposes such as inhibitor screening and development of attenuated AIDS vaccine.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.211-222
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• 2022

After more than two years of efforts to end the corona pandemic, a gradual recovery is starting in countries with high vaccination rates. Easing public health policies for a full-fledged post-corona era, such as lifting the mandatory use of outdoor mask and quarantine measures in entry have been considered in Korea. However, the continuous emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 and limitations in vaccine efficacy still remain challenging. Fortunately, T cells and memory T cells, which are key components of adaptive immunity appear to contribute substantially in COVID-19 control. SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cells are induced by natural infection or vaccination, and rapid induction and activation of T cells is mainly associated with viral clearance and attenuated clinical severity. In addition, T cell responses induced by recognition of a wide range of epitopes were minimally affected and conserved against the highly infectious subsets of omicron variants. Polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 specific T cell memory including stem cell-like memory T cells were also developed in COVID-19 convalescent patients, suggesting long lasting protective T cell immunity. Thus, a robust T-cell immune response appears to serve as a reliable and long-term component of host protection in the context of reduced efficacy of humoral immunity and persistent mutations and/or immune escape.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2023

본 연구에서 우리는 작약 뿌리 추출물이 TLR4/PI3K/Nrf2 신호전달을 통해 p62/SQSTM1을 증가시켜 대식세포에서 자가포식을 유도한다는 것을 확인하였다. 대식세포의 자가포식 유도는 선천성과 적응성 면역 반응 간의 연결을 강화해 백신 보조제 개발에 있어서 중요한 표적으로 사용되기 때문에, 작약 뿌리 추출물은 백신개발에 필수적인 백신보조제로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

The study was carried out to evaluate and compare the immune responses in mice experimentally infected with either wild-type or isogenic mutants of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis (SE), Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) and Gallinarum (SG). The mutant strains were constructed by allelic replacement of some virulence-associated genes in the wild-type strains. Seven-week-old female BALB/c mice were orally or intraperitoneally inoculated by injecting bacterial suspension. To evaluate the immune responses, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay were conducted with serum and fecal samples. As a result, the mice group infected orally with the SE mutant strain showed the highest level of specific IgA-secreting splenocytes, compared to the other groups. The peritoneally injected groups showed the greater levels of IgG1 than the orally injected groups, which was in a good agreement with the previous studies. In addition, the mutant infected groups had the similar secretion levels of antibodies with the wild-type infected groups. These results demonstrated that the SE mutant strain elicited humoral immune response as much as wild-type, implying that it can be useful as a delivery vehicle as well as a candidate of a live attenuated vaccine.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.21-26
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• 2010

탄저균(Bacillus anthracis)은 탄저(Antrax)의 원인균으로 사람은 물론, 초식동물인 소, 양, 말 등에서 급성의 폐사성 전염병을 일으킨다. 현재 사용되고 있는 탄저 치료 및 예방법은 항생제 치료와 약독화 백신주를 토대로 하고 있으나, 항생제 내성주의 출현 및 잔류 병원성이 문제시 되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 인체에 적용 가능하며 보다 안전한 탄저 치료제 및 백신 개발이 요구되고 있으며, 최근 탄저균 아포 및 영양세포, 그리고 탄저독소(Anthrax toxins)에 대한 동시 면역을 유도하는 다가백신 개발이 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는, 향후 탄저균에 대한 새로운 다가백신 후보물질 발굴을 위하여, 탄저균에 대한 전장 유전자 발현 라이브러리(whole genomic expression library)를 구축하였다. 라이브러리 구축을 위하여, 탄저균(ATCC 14578) 게놈 DNA를 Sau3AI으로 부분 제한효소 처리였고, 유도 발현이 가능한 pET30abc 벡터에 접합시킴으로써, 총 $1{\times}10^5$개에 해당하는 대장균 BL21(DE3) 유래의 전장 유전자 발현 라이브러리를 구축하였다. 염기서열분석을 통한 중복성(redundancy) 확인 결과, 111개의 무작위 클론 중 56개(50.5%)가 탄저균 유전자로 확인되었으며, 17개(15.3%)는 벡터 유전자였고, 38개(34.2%)는 BLAST 탐색에서 일치하는 유전자를 찾지 못하였다. 또한 웨스턴 분석을 통하여 단백질 유도발현을 확인하였으며, 탄저균 항혈청에 대한 colony blot으로부터 양성반응을 보이는 일부 클론들을 확인할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과물들은, 구축된 전장 유전자 발현 라이브러리가 향후 탄저균에 대한 면역체(immunome) 분석을 위해 적용 가능함을 암시한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2001

한국은 간흡충증의 집중유행지역이고 성인에서의 간흡충증과 합병증의 보고는 많이 있었으나 소아의 경우 보고가 없었다. 본 증례는 8세 소아의 대변검사에서 충란을 발견하여 간흡충증을 진단하였다. 방사선 검사 소견에서는 이전에 보고된 전형적인 간흡충증의 방사선 소견과는 달리 간내 말초담도계의 확장 없이 간실질에 다발성의 저음영 결절과 간문맥내에 임파선 증식을 보였다. 저자들은 환아의 과거력 및 임상증상과 말초혈액 검사소견 등을 미루어 볼 때, 이러한 소견을 간흡충 감염에서 급성기의 방사선학적 소견이 아닌가 추정하였다. 이에 8세 남아의 대변검사에서 충란을 발견하여 확진하고 praziquantel 경구복용으로 치유한 1례를 보고하는 바이다.