• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 1996

The development and repair requires the formation of new tissues comprised of various extracellular matrix components. The present study investigated the formation and distribution of the major ECM components such as type I collagen, type III collagen, fibronection, bone sialoprotein, and osteonection during development and repair. For developing observation. Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $27{\pm}1gm$ were sacrificed. For repair observation, Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $110{\pm}5gm$ were used. The pulp perforation were prepared on mesial surface of the maxillary first molar by using 1/2round bur. At 5 days after perforation, rats were sacrificed by perfusion with 3 % paroformaldehyde. The maxillary first molar region were cut, demineralized, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. Immunostaining the ECM components was achieved by the avidin-biotin complex method. The results as follows : 1. Bright immunoreaction for fibronectin was present in the basement membrane at the inner epithelial-mesenchymal interface, especially concentrated in the blood vessel walls, cell membrane of odontoblasts, and initial predentin. 2. Type I and III collagen was observed in the newly formed pulp tissue, predentin, and its intensity increased as more of these components during repair. 3. Strong immunostaining for bone sialoprotein and osteonectin was found in dentin while no or weaker staining was observed loose connective tissue of the pulp. 4. These results suggest that develpment and repair is achieved through a series of cell differentiation and attachment by the specific ECM components.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-94
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• 2000

This study was designed to compare the education needs in LBW infant's mother at discharge and after one month at home for development of the educational program. The subjects of this study consisted of 61 mothers of LBW infant's at discharge and 51 mothers of LBW infant's after one month at home. They were selected by convenience from 3 general hospitals and 1 pediatric hospital in Seoul, Kangreung and Inchon. The data were collected during the period from January, 5 to March, 15, 2000. The Education Needs for LBW infant Care was measured by Questionnaire that has developed by researchers. The data were analized by descriptive statistics, non-paired t-test & ANOVA using SAS. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The educational need, of the mothers of LBW infant at discharge were higher than the mothers of LBW infant after one month at home(t=8.72, p=.00). 2) There were significant associations between the educational needs of the mothers of LBW infant after one month at home and numbers of children(F=3.61, p=0.03). 3) There were significant associations of the educational needs between the mothers of LBW infant at discharge and the mothers of LBW infant after one month at home in categories and items. (1) There were significant associations by categories such as Infant care(t=8.34, p=.00), feeding(t=6.71, p=.00), unusual behavior (t=6.54, p=.00). Management disorder (t=8.67, p=.00), attachment between parents and infant(t=5.19, p=.00) and environment (t=6.14, p=.00). (2) There were two items that represented the highest educational needs in all items. That were "How about we can do when infant has a breathing disorder" and "How about we can do when infant has a seizure". These two items included Management of disorder category. In Conclusion, when the nurse teaching the method of infant care to mother, educational contents must be included about Management of disorder emphatically.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.112-125
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• 2010

A Holter monitor is used for ECG monitoring of ambulatory daily life in hospital. However, the use of this apparatus causes skin allergies and discomfort in patients because of the attachment gel and tapes used to attach disposable electrodes to the skin. In this study, the development of tight-fitting clothing connected to a portable Holter monitor was proposed. In addition, the use of conductive fabrics as electrodes was proposed; this will enable the use of garments in u-health care for measuring ECG signals. The male subjects were university students in the ages of 20 to 24. Subjective wear sensations of the experimental garments were rated using seven Likert scales. A Likert type scale was used for the evaluation and a 7 point score indicates that it provided the best fit as a tight-fitting upper clothing. Clothing pressure was measured using an air-pack-type pressure sensor (model AMI 3037-2) at 4 locations (the conductive fabric electrode) As results, a male basic sloper for upper clothing was developed and that pattern was manipulated to the tight fit pattern by considering the reduction rate of the percentage stretch in the fabric. The developed tight-fitting garment was superior in terms of subjective sensation and 6t. The mean pressure of the garment with reduction rates of 40% in width and of 50% in length was 8.45gf/$cm^2$. A conductive fabric electrode was developed by considering the sewing method and the developed electrode was detected well. The ECG data were recorded for 13 hr 19 min 44 sec and the artifacts in the ECG signals were recorded for 9 hr 3 min 46 sec (total time: 22 hr 23 min 23 sec). The artifacts data were obtained during heavy activities.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.26-39
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• 1980

A study was investigated to find out the mechanical optimum conditions of power tiller-plow system on both paddy field and upland. Mathematical model was developed for the theoretical analysis of this system and the experimentation on the field was carried out with two different sizes of 5PS and 8PS power tiller equipped with rubber tire. 1) The relationship between the plowing depth and draft resistance of the power tiller-plow system was a quadratic function. 2) The minimum point of the specific draft resistance of the 5 PS plow was found at the smaller plowing depth than that of 8 PS plow, therefore we can find that the curved surface of 5PS plow bottom should be improved for the effective plowing operation. 3) As the improvement of the mechanical balance by the desirable change of the curved surface of plow bottom, the relative position of hitch point and dimension of plow beam would be realized, the 5 PS power tiller could be used to plow deeply (about 16-17cm). 4) The virtual acting point of the total draft resistance on the plow bottom approached to the land side as the plowing depth increased. 5) The resultant of vertical reaction force $R_2$ on the landside was increased with the plowing depth, while the vertical reaction force $R_1$ on the wheel was decreased as the slope angle of the body of power tiller increased. 6) For the effective plowing operations ; a) The slope angle of the body should be as small as possible. b) The diameter of the wheel should be as small possible. c) The horizontal and vertical distances $l_2, h_1$ between the wheel axis and plow bottom should be as large as possible. 7) To use the 5PS power tiller as the major unit of agricultural machinery, the curved surface of the 5 PS plower bottom and the mechanism of attachment between the power tiller and the plow should be changed as the indications of this study, and in addition to these, the new operation method of the field work should be developed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

의식적 통제가 가능한 언어는 감정을 숨길 수 있으나, 얼굴 표정은 다양한 문화 속에서도 일관성을 가진다. 표정은 사람의 이미지를 결정하며, 표정에서 감정을 해석하는 능력은 대인관계의 핵심으로 사람의 태도와 결정을 바꿀 만큼 중요하다. 불안정 애착아동, 노인, 자폐증, ADHD 아동, 우울증집단은 얼굴 표정인식 능력과제의 수행결과가 낮아, 이들에 대한 적극적인 개입은 심리장애의 예방과 치료 효과의 가능성을 기대하기도 한다. 지금까지 연구는 주로 상대방 표정에 의한 정서읽기, 수용자의 감정변화가 중심이었으며, 자신의 정서를 스스로 나타내는 "자기표현 표정수행" 및 표정 변화에 대한 정량적 분석 연구가 미흡하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 영상을 통한 표정의 정량적 분석법 개발을 목표로 8개의 정서 표정을 "자기표현 표정수행"방법으로 분석하였다. 연구의 정량적 결과는 심리장애 극복을 위한 교육, 심리 행동 치료, 감성공학, 글로벌화 되는 다문화(multi-culture)사회에서 문화극복을 위한 사회관계 대안, 한국문화와 예술 콘텐츠의 다양한 분야에 적용을 기대한다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.105-127
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• 2013

Objectives : We examined the use of the moxibustion through survey on Korean Medicine Doctors (KMDs) on preparation of universal moxa product standard by fully reflecting opinions of practitioners and the industry. Methods : The questionnaire is composed of 25 questions including use of indirect moxa, side effects, complaints and improvements, general characteristics and so on, and were responded by 1,588 KMDs. For statistics, frequency analysis, chi-square analysis, T-test and ANOVA were conducted using SPSS 12.0 for windows, and the significance level was 0.05. Results : In this research, 91% of the responded KMDs was using moxibustion, and the proportion of using mediate moxibustion was shown as 63.2%. They used mediate moxibustion for side effects of direct moxa method such as risk of burn, ease of use, control of stimulation and so on. And it was mostly being conducted to women and 40 ages. Most respondents gave moxibustion treatments for the purpose of thermal stimulation on acupoint to musculoskeletal diseases. Most respondents were treating 1~2 pieces of moxibustion to patients by moxibustion points to those of 1~2 regions every time within 10 minutes. Regarding the frequency of side effects of mediate moxibustion, within 3% of respondents had experienced side effects, and the types were burn, flare and itchiness, odor and smoke. The dissatisfaction of mediate moxibustion products was moderate(2.00 out of 5 point scale), and went up public health doctors, the younger ages and the shorter clinical experience. Complaints on mediate moxibustion products were serious odor, poor attachment, risk of burn etc. Regarding ways to improve mediate moxibustion, the expansion of moxibustion's insurance cost carne out highest, followed by preparation of manual on efficacy, strengthening of training, acquiring evidence on efficacy, diversification of specifications, safety improvement, quality improvement of mediate moxibustion products. Conclusions: Many KMDs use for ease of use and give moxibustion treatments for thermal stimulation but they complain about safety, efficacy and quality of mediate moxibustion. After this it is considered that we have to elevate therapeutic effect through the improvement of mediate moxibustion products.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2007

모션캡쳐시스템은 기존의 키프레임 방식으로는 영상표현이 어려운 인간이나 동물의 사실적인 움직임, 큰 스케일, 많은 경제적 부담이 소요되는 부분 등에 도입되어 새로운 표현 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 또한, 디지털 엔터테인먼트 영역에서 게임을 중심으로 영화, TV, 광고, 다큐멘터리, 뮤직비디오 등 점차 그 활용 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 장점에도 불구하고 모션캡쳐를 활용한 디지털 영상표현에 있어서 많은 사전준비 작업, 마커의 부착, 모션데이터의 보정, 모션캡쳐 전문 인력 부족 등의 문제점이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서 모션캡쳐를 활용한 영상제작 사례 분석을 통하여 보다 효과적인 모션캡쳐 디지털 영상제작의 방향을 제안하고자 한다.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제13C권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2006

Mobile IP는 노드의 이동성을 제공함으로써 보다 향상된 서비스를 제공해 준다. Mobile IP에서 이동노드는 이동시마다 홈 주소와 외부 네트워크에서의 주소를 바인딩 하기 위한 메시지를 홈에이전트에게 보내야 한다. 이러한 이동관리 메시지는 노드 자체의 처리비용과 네트워크상의 많은 트래픽을 유발할 수 있다. Paging Hierarchical Mobile IPv6(PHMIPv6)는 위치 관리 비용을 줄이기 위해 Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) 환경에서 페이징 기법을 적용하여 이동노드의 상태를 고려한 위치 관리를 수행한다. PHMIPv6에서 이동노드는 통신 중이지 않을 경우 도메인 내부에서 이동을 하여도 위치 바인딩 메시지를 보내지 않음으로써 위치 관리에 사용되는 비용을 절약할 수 있다. 그러나 외부에서 패킷이 도착 시 수행하는 페이징 메카니즘의 비용이 크기 때문에 상황에 따라 많은 위치 관리 비용이 발생할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 PHMIPv6의 문제점을 분석하고 이동관리 시그널을 줄이기 위한 방안을 제안한다. 제안방안은 효율적으로 페이징 시그널을 줄임으로써 전체적인 위치 관리 비용을 줄이게 되고, 서브넷 수에 의존하지 않고 동작함으로써 HMIPv6 보다 약 50% 정도의 성능향상을 보였다.

• 한국고분자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국고분자학회 2006년도 IUPAC International Symposium on Advanced Polymers for Emerging Technologies
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• pp.268-268
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• 2006

Due to their multipotency, stem cells can differentiate into a variety of specialized cell types, such as chondrocytes, osteoblasts, myoblasts, and nerve cells. As an alternative to mature tissue cells, stem cells are of importance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Since interactions between scaffold and cells play an important role in the tissue development in vitro, synthetic oligopeptides have been immobilized onto polymeric scaffolds to improve specific cell attachment and even to stimulate cell differentiation. In this study, chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells was evaluated using surface-modified PLLA scaffolds, i.e., either hydrophilic acrylic acid (AA)-grafted PLLA or RGD-immobilized one. Porous PLLA scaffolds were prepared using a gas foaming method, followed by plasma treatment and subsequent grafting of AA to introduce a hydrophilicity (PLLA-PAA). This was further processed to fix RGD peptide to make an RGD-immobilized scaffold (PLLA-PAA-RGD). Stem cells were seeded at $1{\times}10^{6}$ cells per scaffold and the cell-PLLA constructs were cultured for up to 4 weeks in the chondrogenic medium. Using these surface-modified scaffolds, adhesion, proliferation, and chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells were evaluated. The surface of PLLA scaffolds turned hydrophilic (water contact angle, 45 degrees) with both plasma treatment and AA grafting. The hydrophilicity of RGD-immobilized surface was not significantly altered. Cell proliferation rate on the either PLLA-PAA or PLLA-PAA-RGD surface was obviously improved, especially with the RGD-immobilized one as compared to the control PLLA one. Chondrogenic differentiation was clearly identified with Safranin O staining of GAG in the AA- or RGD-grafted PLLA substrates. This study demonstrated that modified polymer surfaces may provide better environment for chondrogenesis of stem cells.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2006

변형된 면적기반영역선별 기법으로 문자영상 속에 내재되어 있던 영역 분할을 회복하는 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 정보영역과 바탕영역으로 양분되어 있는 이진 원영상에 비해 오염 및 훼손으로 관측영상은 얼룩점과 잡음이 전체 영상에 섞여 다수의 크고 작은 영역들이 혼재된 그레이스케일 형태가 된다. 이러한 영상을 종래의 문턱치 처리나 확률적 기법으로 영역 분할하려면 이진영상으로 전환시킴에 의한 영역 형태 변형 문제가 발생한다. 이 문제를 최소화하기 위해 마름모꼴 블록을 채택한 반복조건부양식(iterated conditional mode, ICM) 기법으로 이진 영상을 구현하여 일차적으로 영역들의 집합으로 분류하였다. 그 다음 현재고려중인 화소에서 화소의 영역형성 판별과 영역의 면적을 산출하였다. 이를 전체 화소에 걸쳐 순차적으로 확산하여 해당영역들의 정보영역으로의 귀속 여부를 선택적으로 판정 분할함으로 정보영역 본래 형태를 복원하였다. 이 때 지정 영역들의 산출 면적들은 하나의 집합으로 배속 정렬되며 확률처리로 얻은 판별 파라미터 값에 의해 선별된다. 그레이스케일 탁본영상을 대상으로 종래의 문턱치 영역분할 기법과 ICM 기법도 함께 실험하였다. 그 결과 종래의 기법에 비해 우수한 영역분할 효과를 얻을 수 있었다.