• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2018

Noonan syndrome is characterized by distinctive facial features, short stature, and congenital heart disease. It is a congenital genetic disorder with a prevalence of between 1/1,000 and 1/2,500 in both genders. An 11-year-old boy with Noonan syndrome visited the hospital with an ectopically positioned tooth. A pulmonary stenosis was diagnosed and his growth and development were delayed. In many cases of this diseases there is obvious hemostasis, which he was not experiencing. His facial appearance showed characteristic features of Noonan syndrome. The patient showed a dental class II relationship, labioversion of the upper anterior teeth, and a shallow overbite. Radiographic examination revealed that the upper right canine was ectopically positioned, which led to root resorption of the upper right lateral incisor. A lateral cephalometric radiograph revealed a craniofacial pattern that was within normal limits. Surgical opening and button attachment on the impacted upper right canine were performed and traction was applied on the impacted tooth using a removable appliance. This patient was mildly affected by Noonan syndrome and showed some dental problems. However, few studies have reported the oral characteristics of Noonan syndrome despite its high incidence. Thus, this case report describes the oral features and management of Noonan syndrome.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify team commitment affecting employees' innovative activities and factors affecting team commitment including empowerment by leaders and job enrichment factors. In other words, so as to explain outcome variables of innovative activities, this study aims to emphasize employees' attachment roles towards their groups within nomological network, and identify the motives encouraging employees' innovative activities. The research purpose is significant due to the realistic situation of hotel industry. The reason why innovative activities are important can be found in recent changes of business environment. Also, unlike other various studies on precedence factors encouraging employees' innovative activities, this study classified those precedence factors into job and leader characteristics, and it emphasized the importance of team commitment as the process that job and leader characteristics are connected to innovative activities. Research design, data and methodology - The survey for this study was conducted during October 6^th ~ November 10^th in 2014 to the employees who are working in 5-star hotels in Korea. As for the selection of hotels and sampling method, convenience sampling method was used to the employees in 5-star hotels. Self-report method was used in the survey, judging that the employees' characteristics would be relatively homogeneous. 311 questionnaires were distributed in total, and 275 reponses were collected. After excluding the missing and unreliable responses, 245 questionnaires were used in the research. SPSS and AMOS programs were used for the analysis. Results - First, empowering leadership had positive effects on hotel employees' team commitment. It indicates that hotel employees are more committed to their team when their leaders set examples, provide information, and involve employees in decision-making process. Second, as a result of the relationship analysis in task diversity, task significance, task identity and team commitment, task diversity and task significance had significant effect on team commitment, while task identity had no significant effect on team commitment. It indicates that team commitment is enhanced when the employees can conduct diverse types of jobs and get more opportunities to talk with the guests. Also, the repetition for the same jobs in hotel rooms and the space for preparing food and beverage do not lead to team commitment, even though the employees fulfill their duties to the end. Third, hotel employees' team commitment has positive effect on their innovative activities. It indicates that employees voluntarily conduct innovative activities when they are attached to their team and identifies themselves with the team. Conclusions - There are theoretical and practical implications in this study. First, in terms of the theoretical perspective, this study proposes structural framework in team commitment, and it identifies the psychological mechanism in team commitment from the aspect of social exchange, which resulted in identification of precedence factors related to team commitment. In addition, this study presents new possibilities for relevant studies about team commitment by examining the effect on team commitment when the importance of innovative activities is emphasized in recent business environment.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.363-378
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Hydroxyapatite(HA) coated titanium surfaces have not yet showed the reliable osseointegration in various conditions. Purpose. This study was aimed to investigate microstructures, chemical composition, and surface roughness of the surface coated by the hydrothermal method and to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal coating on the cell attachment, as well as cell proliferation. Material and Methods. Commercially pure(c.p.) titanium discs were used as substrates. The HA coating on c.p. titanium discs by hydrothermal method was performed in 0.12M HCl solution mixed with HA(group I) and 0.1M NaOH solution mixed with HA(group II). GroupⅠ was heated at 180 $^{\circ}C$ for 24, 48, and 72 hours. GroupⅡ was heated at 180 $^{\circ}C$ for 12, 24, and 36 hours. And the treated surfaces were evaluated by Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), X-ray diffraction method(XRD), Confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM). And SEM of fibroblast and 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay were used for cellular responses of the treated surfaces. Results. The color of surface changed in both groups after the hydrothermal process. SEM images showed that coating pattern was homogeneous in group II, while inhomogeneous in group I. H72 had rosette-like precipitates. The crystalline structure grew gradually in group II, according to extending treatment period. The long needle-like crystals were prominent in N36. Calcium(Ca) and phosphorus(P) were not detected in H24 and H48 in EDS. In all specimens of group II and H72, Ca was found. Ca and P were identified in all treated groups through the analysis of XPS, but they were amorphous. Surface roughness did not increase in both groups after hydrothermal treatment. The values of surface roughness were not significantly different between groups I and II. According to the SEM images of fibroblasts, cell attachments were oriented and spread well in both treated groups, while they were not in the control group. However, no substantial amount of difference was found between groups I and II. Conclusions. In this study during the hydrothermal process procedure, coating characteristics, including the HA precipitates, crystal growth, and crystalline phases, were more satisfactory in NaOH treated group than in HCl treated group. Still, the biological responses of the modified surface by this method were not fully understood for the two tested groups did not differ significantly. Therefore, more continuous research on the relationship between the surface features and cellular responses seems to be in need.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.414-422
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• 1984

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of polluted Oncheon Stream on the marine organisms in the Suyeong Bay. Water quality and 96 hr acute toxicity to the sea urchin, Hemicentrotns pulcherrimus by recirculation bioassay were examined from Feb. 20 to Apr. 15, 1984. The 96 hr $50\%$ effective concentration($EC_{50}$) on the attachment of the podia of the sea urchin was observed to occur at test concentrations between 40.0 and $51.0\%$ (v/v), and safe concentrations may be assumed to be within 4.0 and $5.1\%$. These values indicate as follows : 1. Oncheon Stream was extremely polluted by oxygen-demanding wastes and synthetic organic compounds from sewage and industrial waste water. 2. Linear alkylbenzene sulfonate(LAS) which has not been yet included in water quality standard was discharged above the TLm. 3. Unknown toxicity may be synergy among complex substances. In consideration of the relationship between COD values of Oncheon Stream and dilution water, the effect of toxicity of Oncheon Stream water reached to the area of the Suyeong Bay where the COD value was found to be 12.2 ppm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.665-674
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• 2011

This study examined how students' satisfaction with their major department influences their organizational commitment and intention to pursue a career in tourism-related fields among college students majoring in hospitality and tourism. The results indicated that their overall satisfaction with their department affected positively their organizational commitment but not the behavioral intention to pursue career in the tourism-related fields. Organizational commitment, on the other hands, exerted a positively significant influence behavioral intention to pursue tourism-related career. The results of this study underscored the needs for the educators to manage students' psychological attachment to the department they belong to and their major field of study. Continuous relationship-building efforts should be made for the students to pursue tourism-related career after graduation. Such efforts include efficient communication between faculty and students, extended supports from the school and alumni to the students, and last but not the least, sufficient supports from colleges.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.285-292
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• 2008

Data were taken from the dairy herd improve- ment program from the year 2000, composed of 10,929 first lactation cows consisting of 290,144 test-day records and 37,723 udder type records. The objective of the study was to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlation between fore udder attachment, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder cleft, udder depth, and somatic cell score (SCS) and to calculate heritability of udder depth, front teat length and SCS in Holstein cattle in Korea. The variance component estima- tion using test day model was determined by a derivative-free algorithm-restricted maximum likeli- hood(DF-REML) analysis method. Generally phenotypic correlations were very low between udder traits and lactation SCS which varied from －0.03 to －0.06. Heritability of all type traits and SCS was smaller than 0.12. The results of this study would be applicable to SCS using linear genetic evaluation for future studies.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.20-41
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to explore ways to improve teaching and learning in specialized high schools by investigating the relationship between creativity and class satisfaction in classes using the NFTM-TRIZ model for specialized high school students. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, first, the differences between the applied effects, experiments, and control groups were analyzed when the NFTM-TRIZ model was applied. Second, when the NFTM-TRIZ model was applied, it was analyzed whether there was a significant difference in creativity and class satisfaction by group size. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, as a result of comparing the preand post-tests of the experimental group and the control group applying the NFTM-TRIZ model through the t-test, the experimental group showed significant differences in creative spontaneity, identity, attachment, curiosity and class satisfaction. Second, in experimental groups with the NFTM-TRIZ model, the size of groups of 4 and 6, rather than the size of groups of 2, had positive effects on class satisfaction. Therefore, the NFTM-TRIZ model based on collaborative learning was effective as a teaching and learning method that promoted creativity and satisfaction of students in specialized high schools.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.47-72
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• 2016

According to the survey by the Ministry of Unification, 28,133 live in South Korea as of september 2015 and the number has been steadily increased. It is interesting to note that the majority of defectors were women. Statistics say that the total of women defectors was 1,138 in 2002 and consisted of 55.5%. But the number increased to 2,706 in 2011 and consisted of 70.5%(Wikipedia, 2015). Most of them have trauma, because they experienced terrible events like prostitution, sexual abuse, domestic violence, etc. while they were living in South Korea. They had to get over a lot of challenges they never expected. They had to do whatever they need to do for their survival in South Korea as well as in North Korea. Objectives: This study focuses on identifying the psychosocial resources available for them in order to help them out living here. Method: For this purpose, this study conducted unstructured in-depth interviews with four women defectors from North Korea. Their age bracket is between the ages of 50 and 58 and they have stayed over five years in South Korea. They were recommended by social welfare workers, who had dealt with them over 20 years. For the reliability of this study, the three methods were performed such as three-month close relationship, three-person triangular verification, and diversification of resources-the field notes and observation notes. Results: As a result of this study, the resources may be labeled into three main clusters of themes such as 1) Self-Preservation - 'Self-Love', 'Family-Attachment', 'Share the Goods', 'Live in Harmony', 'Avoidance of conflict'; 2) Self-Conquest - 'Endurance', 'Earnestness and Effort', 'My own Activities', 'Chat', 'Put Down', 'Appreciation and Optimism'; 3) Self-Presence Awareness - 'I was a Precious Daughter', 'I am Mother'. Also there are thirteen sub categories to be considered. Conclusions: This study focuses on identifying how women defectors have used or can use the psychosocial resources available for them, rather than what they have struggled with. It is meaningful to identify in a positive light that this study provides how they have adjusted to a totally different context for their survival and what psychosocial resources they have used. This study can give an idea about how they may receive proper and practical help from the government programs in order to become better used to new living circumstances in South Korea. As well, this study can provide meaningful criteria and guidance with family life educators for women defectors and social workers working in counseling and social welfare areas. This study contributes to better understanding about how they are using these psychosocial resources.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.41-68
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• 2009

Grandparent-grandchildren family adolescents(GGFAs) need to be well discussed because they tend to be more influenced by the negative surroundings than ordinary family adolescents. Over the past few years, several studies have been made on the correlation between the risk factor, the protective factor and the school resilience of GGFAs, but these studies have the limit to explain the only correlation between the one factor and the school resilience. So the purpose of this study was to examine not only the direct effect between the risk factor and the protective factor, but also the parametric path and effect that the one factor has influence on the correlation between the another factor and the school resilience of GGFAs. We investigated the 328 GGFAs in Korea, and the analytic method used was the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). The followings are the results of this paper. It was found that the model adaptability had a considerable validity by inspecting the SEM, which showed not only the direct effect between the risk factor, protective factor and the school resilience of GGFAs, but also the mediation effect by the protective factor. The risk factors - the indifference of teacher, the negative attachment relationship, melancholy, uneasiness etc - had a negative influence on the school resilience of GGFAs. The protective factors - the supporss etteacher, self-esteem etc - had a positive influence on the school resilience of GGFAs. The protective factors were found to reduce the negative influence on the school resilience of GGFAs.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.349-380
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• 2016

In this article we tried to discover the predilection of the Goncourt brothers for the noble culture of the eighteenth century. It is well known that two brothers sought to bring forth the aristocratic world formerly reigned by Louis XV and Louis XVI. The favorite themes of the Goncourts included rococo, rocaille, Kings' mistresses, and antiques. Were the brothers fascinated by the culture of the eighteenth century only because they were themselves in the lineage of an aristocratic family? Are there any other reasons behind their predilection for the eighteenth century? This research started from these questions, because we believe that, in their preoccupation with such culture, there must be other reasons beyond their aesthetic predilection. We first studied ideological grounds to answer these questions. Our attention was particularly drawn to the relationship between their attachment to aristocratic culture and their rejection of bourgeois culture in their time. We then attempted to discern the meaning of their studies on the French Revolution, in the wake of the revolution of 1848. By means of this approach, we found that they overestimated the vibrant and energetic culture of the eighteenth century, and they wanted to propose such culture to their contemporaries, in an effort to forget the terrible memory of the year 1848. We can therefore say that the Goncourt brothers proposed a remedy for the psychological torment of their time.