• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features and outcome of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EGE) in children. Methods: Our study enrolled 24 children who were diagnosed with EGE from 1993 to 2014 at the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital. The patients' clinical manifestations, treatments, and outcomes were reviewed from the medical records. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 5.3 years. Most patients had gastrointestinal symptoms including diarrhea (54.2%) and abdominal pain (45.8%). Peripheral eosinophilia was present in 91.7% of the patients. Thirteen patients (54.2%) showed anemia, and 15 patients (62.5%) had hypoalbuminemia. EGE was classified as mucosal, subserosal, or muscular in 75.0%, 20.8%, and 4.2% of cases, respectively. Three patients showed gastroduodenal ulcers upon endoscopic analysis. A history of allergy was reported in 13 patients, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Five patients (20.8%) improved with food restrictions. Among the 19 patients treated with steroids, 11 (57.9%) discontinued steroid treatment without subsequent relapse, 4 (21.1%) relapsed after ceasing steroid treatment, and 4 (21.1%) showed no response to steroids. Two patients who were resistant to steroids underwent therapeutic surgery. The presence of gastroduodenal ulcers was significantly associated with relapse and steroid resistance. Conclusion: A high suspicion of EGE is warranted when children have nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms and peripheral eosinophilia. Most patients improved with food restrictions or steroid treatment, although one-third of patients showed a relapse or steroid resistance.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.638-645
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• 2019

Objectives: For the risk management of airborne fungal diseases, our aim was to evaluate airborne fungi and study the toxicity associated with fungal allergic diseases using fungal species native to Korea. Methods: Fungi were isolated from outdoor air samples collected from Seoul, Incheon, Cheonan, Gwangju, Ulsan, Busan, and Jeju and tested for their cytotoxicity potential and their ability to induce proliferation and secretion of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in human mast cells (HMC-1). Results: More than 18 species of fungi were collected from outdoor air in Korea over one year, and the strains were identified and systematically analyzed. The results showed that the Cladosporium (59%) and Alternaria (22%) strains are the most common in outdoor air. Three of the collected strains (Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Penicillium) showed mild toxicity in cells involved in allergic inflammation, and twelve induced cell proliferation in HMC-1 cells. More importantly, many strains (Edgeworthia, Trametes, Emmia, Irpex, Talaromyces, Penicillium, Periconia, Epicocum, Bipolaris) induced the MDC protein in activated HMC-1 cells. Conclusion: Nineteen percent of the tested strains caused cytotoxicity in mast cell lines, whereas, most of the non-toxic strains contributed to cell activity. Among the tested strains, more than 80% increased the expression of MDC protein, which contributes to the severity of atopic dermatitis, asthma, and rhinitis. It is, in fact, one of the markers for these conditions. Therefore, airborne fungus could be considered as an important marker for environmental risk management for allergic diseases in Korea.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.163-176
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• 1995

The cilinical study was done in 340 patients with allergic rhinitis who had been dosed with HYUNG GAE YUN GYO TANG GAMI. The results were summarized as follows 1. Distridution by Sex and Age $64\%\;of\;them\;were\;man,\;and\;36\%$ of them were women(It was common to men than to women) Of those who were attacted(very diverse), $25.0\%$ of them were between 10 and 19 years of age(most frequent), $23.8\%$ were between 30 and 39, $18.2\%$ between 20 and 29, $14.1\%$ between birth and 9, $12.6\%$ between 40 and 49, and $6.2\%$ of them were 50 years and over. 2. Duration $47.6\%$ of them suffered from this disease for 1 to 5 years, $13.8\%$ for 10 years or longer, $24.1\%$ for both 5 to 10 years and $7.4\%$ for 6 months to 1 years, and $6.5\%$ shorter than 6 months. 3. Symptom that appeared to them were nasal obstruction($91.5\%$,top), sneezing($90\%$), rhinorrhagir($77.4\%$), headache ($30.9\%$), itch($26.8\%$), nasal discharge through gullet($15.3\%$), and pharyngitis($15.3\%$). 4. Other diseases that occured with it were sinusitis(most often), Atopic keratoconjunctivitis, allergic dermatitis, asthma, otitis media, tonsillitis, hepertropic rhinitis, nasal polyp, and atropic rhinitis(most unusual). 5. Time and Improvement After 6 months 2 cases($20\%$) were improved excellently, 3 cases($30\%$) considerablely, after 6 months to 1 year 5 case($38.5\%$) considerably, after 1 year to 5 year 10 cases($13\%$) excellently, 20 cases ($26\%$) considerably, after 5 year to 10 years 4 cases($8.7\%$) excellently, 13 cases($28.3\%$) considerable, and after 10 years 2 cases($10\%$) improved excellently, 2 cases($10\%$) considerab. 6. Dosage and Improvemont With 10 papers 6 cases($7.8\%$) were improved excellently, 22 cases($27.8\%$) considerably, with 20 papers 4 cases($10.3\%$) were improved excellently, 6 cases($15.4\%$) considerably, with 30 papers 3 cases($15.8\%$) excellently, 2 ($10.5\%$) considerably, with 40 papers 3 cases($23.1\%$) excellently, 5($38.5\%$) considerably, with 50 papers 1 cases($10\%$) excellently, 4($40\%$) considerably, with 60and 70 papers one cases($33.3\%,\;100\%$) for each was improved considerable, with 80 papers 1 cases($100\%$) excellently, and 90 papers 2 cases($66.6\%$) considerable. 7. Improvement with additional outward application With external application 8 cases($16.6\%$) were improved excellently, 9 cases($18.7\%$) considerably without external application 10 cases($8.4\%$) were improved excellently, 34 cases($28.8\%$) considerably. 8. General Improvement 18 cases($10.8\%$) were improved excellently, 43 cases($25.9\%$) improved considerably, and 40 cases($24.0\%$) improved quite a little.thus has improvement shown in 60.8 per cent of case, and proved its efficacy.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.282-289
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• 2022

Background: Airborne fungi are ubiquitous in the air and exposure to an airborne fungus can be a significant risk factor. The composition of fungi has been potentially important for human health, especially for respiratory diseases like asthma and atopic dermatitis. Therefore, we attempted to ascertain what kind of airborne fungi affect human health at a nationwide level. Objectives: This study was carried out to provide information on indoor fungi distribution at multi-use facilities throughout South Korea. Methods: We classified our data by region and public facility after collection, cultivation, and identification via the sequencing of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer) region. We investigated whether or not the proliferation of HaCaT cells was affected by the identified airborne fungi. Results: In our data, the most isolated airborne fungi by region were Penicillium spp (Seoul, Daegu), Periconia sp (Gyeonggi-do), Iprex sp (Gangwon-do), Phanerochaete sp (Busan), Bjerkandera sp (Gwangju), and Aspergillus sp (Jeju-do). In the public facilities, the most detected fungi were Cladosporium sp (public transport), Penicillium sp (apartment house, retail market, financial institution, karaoke room), Bjerokandera sp (underground parking lot, public toilet, medical institution), Periconia sp (retail store), and Fusarium sp (general restaurant). Next, we selected twenty airborne fungi to examine their cytotoxicity and proliferation of human skin cells. In this experiment, the proliferation of the cells was influenced by most of the identified fungi. In case of the cytotoxicity test, most genera except for Rhodotorula sp and Moesziomyces sp showed cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells. Conclusions: The distribution of mold in the indoor air in multi-use facilities in South Korea differs from region to region, and this is an indicator that should be considered in future health impact studies. In addition, as a result of culturing about 20 types of bacteria dominant in indoor air, it was found that most (90%) inhibit the growth of skin cells, which can be harmful to health. An in-depth study of the health effects of floating fungi is needed.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.367-382
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• 1997

The author analyzed 46 cases of allergic rhinitis patients, who were treated in the Kwang-ju Oriental Medical Hospital of Wonkwang University from January 1997 to April 1996. I've examined the 46 cases in the view of age and sex distribution, seasonal distribution, distribution of the job, duration of the disease, past history, family history, distribution of complicated signs, the degree of recovery about the total patient, the relationship of the ages and the remedial value, the relationship of the duration of disease and the remedial value. The following results are obtained. 1. The ratio of under teenagers was $32.61\%$(15 cases), teenagers was $30.43\%$(11 cases), 2th decade was $17.39\%$(8 cases), 3th decade was $17.39\%$(8 cases), 4th decade was $4.35\%$(2 cases), 5th decade was $2.17\%$(1 case), over sixty was $2.17\%$(1 case). 2. The ratio of the male was $58.70\%$(27 cases) and femal was $41.30\%$(19 cases). 3. The ratio of spring was $21.74\%$(10 cases), summer was $8.70\%$(4 cases), fall was $43.48\%$(20 cases), winter was $43.48\%$(20 cases) and unknown was $10.87\%$(5 cases). 4. The ratio of the students was $45.65\%$(21 cases), house-wives was $15.22\%$(7 cases), office men was $10.87\%$(5 cases), farmers was $4.35\%$(2 cases), driver was $2.17\%$(1 case) and unemployed was $21.74\%$(10 cases). 5. The ratio of the under six months was $8.70\%$(4 cases), under 1 year was $17.39\%$(8 cases), under 3 years was $32.60\%$(15 cases), over 3 years was $41.31\%$(19 cases). 6. The ratio of atopic dermatitis was $32.61\%$(15 cases), allergic dermatitis was $21,74\%$(10 cases), the asthma was $17.39\%$(8 cases), digestion disorder was $6.52\%$(3 cases) and etc. 7. The ratio of paternal line was $21.74\%$(10 cases), maternal line was $13.04\%$(6 cases), paternal and maternal lines was $4.35\%$(2 cases), brother or sisters was $13.04\%$(6 cases) and non-significant was $47.83\%$(22 cases). 8. The ratio of sneezing was $100\%$(46 cases) , nasal discharge was $100\%$(46 cases), nasal obstruction was $86.96\%$(40 cases), pruritus was $45.65\%$(21 cases), headache was $13.04\%$(6 cases), asthma was $10.87\%$(5 cases), digestion disorder was $6.52\%$(3 cases), light phovia was $6.52\%$(3 cases), tears was $4.35\%$(2 cases), nosebreeding was $2.17\%$(1 case). 9. The total remedial value of the 46 patients was revealed $52.17\%$. 10. The remedial value of under teenagers, teenagers were higher than the total remedial value($52.17\%$). 11. The remedial value of under 6 months, under 1 year were higher than the total remedial value($52.17\%$). These results demonstrated that in the point of remedial view, the patients who were younger and shorter of the duration of disease, would be well recovered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2019

서울시 일부 아동 대상의 식품알레르기 유병률과 위험 요인 및 다른 알레르기 질환과의 연관성 조사결과 식품알레르기 의사 진단 유병률은 14.2%, 알레르기 증상을 한번이라도 경험한 아동의 유병률은 20.4%, 최근 12개월 내 증상 경험 유병률은 17.4%이었다. 식품알레르기를 한번이라도 경험한 아동 612명을 대상으로 알레르기 경험 특성을 도출한 결과 대부분 식품 경구 섭취를 통해 발생하였고 증상 유발식품은 난류, 복숭아, 우유, 땅콩, 새우 등이 있었다. 식품알레르기 증상 경험 유병과 12개월 내 주요 알레르기 유발 의심식품 섭취의 위험요인으로는 곡류, 감자류, 패스트푸드, 견과류, 우유 등이 유의한 영향이 있었다. 식품 섭취의 경우 식품알레르기 증상을 경험한 아동일 경우 견과류, 우유 및 유제품, 난류의 섭취 빈도가 낮을수록 위험도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 환경적 위험요인으로 연령, 부모의 알레르기 질환력, 항생제 복용요인이 도출되었으며, 기타 알레르기 질환과도 관련이 있었다. 최근 식품 알레르기의 또 다른 환경적 위험요인으로 다른 연구들에서도 언급되는 요인이기에 이와 관련한 지속적인 연구가 필요할 것이다. 결과적으로 식품알레르기의 경험이 있는 아동은 다른 알레르기 질환으로 이환될 가능성이 상대적으로 높으며, 이에 따라 규칙적인 식품 섭취와 조기진단을 통하여 유발식품을 명확히 알고 제한할 수 있어야 할 것이다. 궁극적으로 이 연구 결과를 통해 서울에 거주하는 아동의 유병률과 증상경험의 특성을 파악하여 효과적인 중재방안을 도출할 기초자료로의 의미가 있을 것이다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.169-182
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• 2002

Background: Allergic rhinitis(AR) is a heterogeneous disorder that despite its high prevalence is often undiagnosed. It is characterized by one or more symptoms including sneezing, itching, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea. And it is frequently accompanied by symptoms involving the eyes, ears, and throat, including postnasal drainage. There are many different causes of rhinitis in children and adults. Approximately 50$\%$ of all cases of rhinitis are caused by allergy. In the case of rhinitis caused by allergens, symptoms arise as a result of inflammation induced by a gamma globulin E-mediated immune response to specific allergens such as pollens, molds, animal dander, and dust mites. The immune response involves the release of inflammatory mediators and the activation and recruitment of cells to the nasal mucosa. AR is similar to 鼻？, hypersensitive rhinitis in Oriental Medicine. I think hypersensitive rhinitis is including of AR, vasomotor rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis related with eosinophil increased and so on. Purpose: To perform a clinical analysis of hypersensitive rhinitis including allergic rhinitis and estimate the efficacy of Oriental Medical treatment. Objective: We studied 96 patients who had visited our hospital with complaints of nasal symptoms from March 2000 to February 2002; they had the signs more than 2 - nasal obstruction, watery discharge, sneezing and eye or nasal itching. Parameters Observed & Methods: We treated them with acupuncture & herb-medication. Sometime they used aroma oil or external medicine. 1) the distribution of sex & age groups 2) the clinical type based on duration & the severity of symptom 3) the breakdown of complication & pasl history of Otolaryngologic or allergic disease 4) the clinical assessment and classification of rhinitis(sneezers and runners & blockers) 5) the associated symptoms and signs 6) the classification of Byeonjeung 7) the classification of prescriptions and 8) the efficacy of treatment. Result: 1. In the clinical type of based on duration, the intermittent type was 42.7$\%$ and the persistent was 57.3$\%$. 2. We observed the severity of symptoms based on the quality of life. The mild type was 24.0$\%$ and the moderate-severe was 76.0$\%$. 3. In the clinical assessment and classification of rhinitis, the sneezers and runners type was 69.8$\%$ and the blockers was 30.2$\%$. 4. The most common family history with otolaryngologic or allergic disease were allergic rhinitis(17.7$\%$), urticaria, paranasal sinusitis and T.B.(3.1$\%$). 5. The most common past history with otolaryngologic or allergic disease were paranasal sinusitis(14.6$\%$), atopic dermatitis and asthma(8.3$\%$). It was 31.3$\%$ they had a family history and 44.8$\%$, past history. 6. The most common complication was paranasal sinusitis(15.6$\%$). In decreasing order the others were otitis media with effusion(9.4$\%$), GERD and headache(6.3$\%$), asthma, bronchitis, nasal bleeding and allergic dermatitis(5.2$\%$). 7. Classification through Byeonjeung : ⅰ) 39 cases(34.9$\%$) were classified as showing Deficiency syndrome. The insuffficiency of Qi was 17.7$\%$, deficiency of Kidney-Yang, 12.5$\%$ and Lung-Cold, 10.4$\%$. ⅱ) 57 cases(59.4$\%$) were classified as showing Excess syndrome. The Fever of YangMing-meridian was 35.4$\%$, Lung-Fever, 24.0$\%$. 8. The efficacy of treatments showed: an improvement in 22cases(22.9$\%$); an improvement partly in 24 cases(25.0$\%$); no real improvement or changes in 16 cases(16.7$\%$); and couldn't check the results 18cases(18.6$\%$). Conclusion: We suggest that this study could be utilized as a standard of clinical Oriental Medical treatment when we treat hypersensitive rhinitis including allergic rhinitis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.372-385
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• 1999

연구배경: 만성기침이란 기침이 적어도 3주 이상 지속되는 경우로, 원인으로는 후비루 증후군, 기관지천식, 위식도역류, 기관지 확장증, 만성기관지염, 안지오텐신 전환 효소 길항제 사용 등이 있다. 하지만 특별한 원인을 발견할 수 없고, 다른 증상 없이 단지 만성기침만 있는 경우에 대해서는 그 임상상과 조직병리소견이 아직도명확하게 규명되어 있지 않다. 이에 저자 들은 특별한 원인을 밝힐 수 없고, 다른 호흡기 증상이 없이 만성기침만을 호소하는 환자를 대상으로 임상상과 조직소견을 조사하여, 그 병인기전과 원인을 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 대상환자는 3주 이상 만성기침 외에 다른 호흡기 증상이 없는 25명의 환자들이었고, 후비루증후군, 위식도 역류, 약물 복용력 및 흉부질환, 심혈관 질환, 전신질환이 없었으며, 과거에 기관지 천식을 진단 받은 병력이 없었고, 폐기능 검사, 흉부 X-선 검사상 특이 소견이 없었다. 남자 10명 여자 15명으로 평균연령은 39.8세였고, 흡연가가 5명, 비흡연가가 20명이었다. 폐기능 검사, 메타콜린 유발검사, 알레르기 피부 단자 검사, 기관지 내시경하 점막 조직 생검을 시행하였고, 조직 비교를 위하여 정상 대조군 5명에 대해서도 기관지 내시경하 점막 조직 생검을 시행하였다. 모든 검사가 끝난 후, prednisolone 20~30 mg/일을 1~2주간 투여하였고, cough score로 치료반응 여부를 확인하였다. 결 과: 정상 대조군의 조직소견과 비교해 볼 때, 염증세포의 분포에 따라 대상군은 호산구 침윤이 저명한 경우(호산구 침윤군), 림프구 침윤이 저명한 경우(림프구 침윤군)의 두 군으로 구분이 되었다. 호산구 침윤군이 21예로, 호산구 수는 펑균 89.8 $cells/mm^2$였고, 정상 대조군은 평균 0.4 $cells/mm^2$였다 (P=0.005). 림프구 침윤군은 4예였으며, 림프구 수는 평균 84.3 $cells/mm^2$였고, 정상 대조군은 평균 28.4 $cells/mm^2$였다(P=0.026). 정상 대조군의 기저막 두께가 평균 $3.50\pm1.37\;{\mu}m$ 였던데 비하여, 대상군에서는 평균 $14.20\pm5.20{\mu}m$로 의미있게 두꺼운 소견을 보였다(p=0.001). 메타콜린 유발검사와 병리소견으로 대상군의 만성기침의 원인을 유추해보면, 호산구 침윤군 21예 중 메타콜린 유발검사 양성인 경우는 7예로, 기침형 천식으로 진단할 수 있었고, 14예는 메타콜린 유발검사가 음성으로, 호산구성 기관지염으로 진단할 수 있었다. 림프구 침윤균 4예는 모두 메타콜린 유발검사가 음성으로, 림프구 침윤에 의한 기관지염이었다. 호산구성 기관지염 14예 중 3예(21.4%)에서 아토피 양성이었다. 대상환자 25예중 22예(88.0%)에서 스테로이드 투여 후 증상지수가 호전되었다. 호산구성 기관지염 14예 중 12예(85.7%), 기침형 천식 7예 중 7예(100%), 림프구 침윤에 의한 기관지염 4예 중 3예(75.0%)에서 증상지수가 호전되었다. 병리소견으로 호산구 침윤군과 림프구 침윤군으로 구분했을 때, 증상지수가 호전된 경우가 각각 90.5%, 75.0%로 염증세포의 종류에 따른 차이는 없었다. 결 론: 흉부 X-선 및 폐기능 검사가 정상이며, 다른 증상이 없는 만성기침은 호산구 또는 림프구 침윤에 의한 기도염증과 연관이 있었다. 메타콜린 유발검사와 기관지 조직검사로 유추해 볼 때, 그 원인으로는 호산구성 기관지염, 기침형 천식, 림프구 침윤에 의한 기판지염이었다(이상 빈도순). 스테로이드 치료에 88%에서 증상지수가 호전되었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.822-835
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• 1997

연구배경 : 기관지천식의 병태생리중 IgE의 합성 및 조절에 IL-4가 중요한 역할을 하며, IFN-$\gamma$는 이러한 IL-4의 작용을 길항하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이를 근거로 최근에 IFN-$\gamma$를 아토피 피부염등 IgE가 높은 알레르기성 질환의 치료에 이용하고자 하는 임상적 시도가 있는데, 아직 기관지천식에 대한 임상적 시도는 별로 보고되어 있지 않다. 그러나 IFN-$\gamma$는 in vitro에서 말초혈액 다형핵구나 단핵세포에 의한 독성산화물 생성을 증가시킨다는 보고도 있어, 실제 임상에서 IFN-$\gamma$ 치료의 임상적 효과는 확실하지 않다. 이에 저자들 IL-4 매개성 IgE 생성에 대한 IFN-$\gamma$의 길항작용에 기초하여, IgE가 정상범위보다 높은 기관지천식 환지들에서 in vitro 에서와 같이 in vivo 에서도 IFN-$\gamma$가 IgE 생성을 억제하는지 여부와, 그 결과로 임상적 치료효과를 나타내는지에 대해 관찰하는 한편, 다형핵구의 독성산화물 생성능에 미치는 영향은 in vitro의 경우와 어떻게 다른지에 대해서 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법 : IgE가 200IU/ml 이상이고 정규적인 부신피질호르몬 치료에 반응을 보이지 않는 기관지천식 환자 50명과 정상인 17명을 대상으로, 혈중 CD23+ B-상층액 발현도, sCD23 농도, T-상층액의 IL-4 activity, 다형핵구에 의한 과산화 음이온 생성능등을 측정한 후, 환자군과 정상군간의 차이를 비교하고, 환자군에 대해서는 상기 검사외에 혈중 IgE 농도 및 histamine $PC_{20}$등을 함께 측정하여 IFN-$\gamma$ 치료전후의 변화를 관찰하였다. IFN-$\gamma$ 치료는 체중당 30,000IU를 매일 4주간 피하주사하였다. 결 과 : 다형핵구의 ${O_2}^-$ 생성능 환자군의 다형핵구는 정상군의 다형핵구에 비해 ${O_2}^-$생성능이 높았다(P<0.05). IFN-$\gamma$ 치료후 추적이 가능했던 환자들에서는 IFN-$\gamma$ 치료후에 다형핵구의 ${O_2}^-$ 생성능이 현저하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 다형핵구 배양시간에 따라 자연적인 ${O_2}^-$ 생성능 및 PMA 혹은 fMLP 자극에 의한 ${O_2}^-$ 생성능을 관찰하였을 때에도, 배양시간 및 자극제의 종류와 무관하게 IFN-$\gamma$ 치료후가 치료전에 비해 ${O_2}^-$ 생성능이 감소하는 경향을 보였다. IFN-$\gamma$ 치료전의 환자군의 말초혈액내 CD23+ B-상층액의 발현도는 정상군에 비해 현저히 높았으나(P<0.05), 치료후 추적검사가 가능하였던 15명의 환자들에서 치료전후에 의미있는 변화를 나타내지는 않았다. IFN-$\gamma$ 치료전의 환자군의 혈청내 sCD23 농도는 정상군에 비해 다소 높은 경향을 보였으며, 이중 치료 후 추적검사가 가능하였던 17명의 환자들중 11명(64.7%)에서 치료후에 혈청 sCD23 농도가 감소되었다. T-상층액의 IL-4 activity는 정상군에 비해 환자군에서 다소 높은 경향을 보였는데, IFN-$\gamma$ 치료후에는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. IFN-$\gamma$ 치료후 혈청 IgE 농도의 추적검사가 시행되었던 환자 15명 중 9명(60%)에서 치료후 혈청 IgE 농도가 유의하게 감소되었다(P<0.05). IFN-$\gamma$ 치료에 따른 기관지과민반웅의 변화는 모두 12명의 환자에서 관찰되었는데, 이중 10명(83.3%)에서 IFN-$\gamma$ 치료후 histamine $PC_{20}$가 유의하게 호전되는 소견을 보여주었다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 이상의 연구결과 IFN-$\gamma$는 IgE가 높은 기관지천식 환자의 치료에 유용할 것으로 추측되며, in vivo에서의 IgE 합성 및 조절기전과 이에 대한 IFN-$\gamma$의 역할을 보다 명확하게 규명하기 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.95-107
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• 2015

Objective : To use and its affecting factors of patients' outpatient treatment that have single and multiple chronic illnesses Method : We used the 2011 study by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, "Report on Usage and Consumption of Korean Medicine." This report was conducted on outpatients and inpatients that visited Korean traditional medicine, from August 25th, 2011, to September 30th, 2011. Our research was based on 1729 patients with chronic diseases aged 30 and over who received outpatient treatment during the last three months. Results : There were 1365 patients with non-complex chronic diseases, while there were 364 patients with complex chronis diseases. Patients had 1 - 8 chronic diseases, and the average number (standard deviation) was 1.26 (0.59). There were statistically significant differences by sex(P<0.0001), age(p=0.0045), marriage (p=0.0060), education level(p<0.0001), income level(P=0.0063), and types of health insurance(p=0.0023). The diseases most common among patients with non-complex chronic diseases were: low back pain, arthritis, gastrointestinal disorder, frozen shoulder, side effects from motor accidents, high blood pressure, fracture, stroke, diabetes, cancer, atopic dermatitis, and asthma. The diseases most common among patients with non-complex chronic diseases were: arthritis+low back pain, low back pain+gastrointestinal disorder, low back pain+side effects from motor accidents, low back pain+frozen shoulder, arthritis+gastrointestinal disease, gastrointestinal disease+frozen shoulder, arthritis+low back pain+gastrointestinal disease, high blood pressure+arthritis, arthritis+low back pain+frozen shoulder, arthritis+fracture, and arthritis+side effects from motor accidents. There were statistically significant differences among the usage of medical clinics by: frequently used clinic (p<0.0001), number of treatment (p<0.0001), the cost of outpatient treatment (p=0.0073), the satisfaction rate (p=0.0171), whether the clinic is the preferred clinic (p=0.0040). In model 1, men than women, people who had local benefits instead of type 1 medical aid, and patients with complex chronic diseases were more likely to use Korean medical clinics. In model 2, men than women, people who had local benefits than people with types 1 and 2 medical aids, people who went to pharmacies and Korean medicine pharmacies than people who went to hospitals, people who went to get treatment 1-10 times than people who visited 11-20 times and more than 41 times, and people who spent less than ten thousand Korean won than people who spent 1 to 2 million Korean won, and people without complex chronic diseases were more likely to use Korean medical treatment. Conclusion : There were differences in sociodemographic characteristics and the usage of medical clinics between patients with non-complex chronic diseases and patients with complex chronic diseases. Among patients with complex chronic diseases, women, patients with types 1 and 2 medical aid, patients who used Korean medical clinics, patients who were treated 11-20 times and more than 41 times, and patients who spent 1 million to 2 million Korean won on outpatient treatment used less treatment than patients with non-complex chronic diseases. However, patients with complex chronic diseases used pharmacies and Korean medicine pharmacies more.