• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.246-256
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• 2010

Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease affecting up to 10% of children and approximately 2% of adults. Atopic dermatitis exhibits four major symptoms, including intense itching, dry skin, redness and exudation. The "itch-scratch-itch" cycle is one of the major features in atopic dermatitis. The pathophysiology and neurobiology of pruritus is unclear. Currently there are no single and universally effective pharmacological antipruritic drugs for treatment of atopic dermatitis. Thus, controlling of itch is a very important unmet need in patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. This article will update progress during the past 10 years of research in the field of pruritus of atopic dermatitis, focusing on aspects of pruritogens (including inflammatory lipids, histamine, serotonin, proteinases, proteinase-activating receptors, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and opioid peptides), antipruritic therapies, and emerging new targets. Based on recent progress, researchers expect to identify exciting possibilities for improved treatments and to develop new antipruritic drugs acting through novel targets, such as histamine H4 receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, MrgprA3, thromboxane A2 receptor and the putative SPC receptor.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제20권2호통권33호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2007

Objective : Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease which was characterized by intense pruritus and the course marked by exacerbation and remission. The purpose of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatment. Especially new oriental prescription to atopic dermatitis Methods : We treated children patients who had atopic dermatitis and visited oriental hospital of Semyung University. Children patients in this case are two person. The first one is fourteen-years-old female, Other one is seven-years-old boy. And I create a new oriental prescription that named 'Allergy 1' thinking about oriental theory. After then I treated them with 'Allergy 1' herb medication and used two index to assess the severity in atopic dermatitis. Results : Each index show us approximately 70% improvement in atopic dermatitis symptom. Conclusion : On the basis of this cases, It may be considered that treatment of atopic dermatitis should be improved by the treatment of herb medication "Allergy 1"

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2000

Background : The level of serum eosinophil cationic protein(ECP) is elevated in Atopic Dermatitis patients. Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of serum ECP as a tool of evaluate the efficacy of herb medicine for atopic dermatitis. Material and Method : We investigated 20 patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and analyzed the relationship among the serum level of ECP, IgE, Eosinophil count, and clinical disease activity. Result: Significant elevation in the serum level of ECP, IgE, Eosinophil count is observed in Atopic Dermatitis. Conclusion : The serum level of ECP may be considered to be an useful tool in evaluate effect of herb medicine for atopic dermatitis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2004

Background: Atopic dermatitis is chronic exzemaous dermatosis characterized by severe itching, licalized eruption and chronic relapsing progress and has familu history of atopic diseases and hereditary disposition. This Study is attempted in order to estimate of possibility of oriental treatment on atopic dermatitis. Objective: We studied 24 years old women with atopic dermatitis from June 2004 to July 2004 Method: We treated her with herb medication and used three index to assess the severity of atopic dermatitis. Results: Each index show us about 50-60$\%$ of improvement Conclusion: On the basis of this study, It should be considered that treatment of atopic dermatitis should be focused on fever of yang-ming.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2012

Objectives : There is a pressing need to determine the clinical and scientific validity of herbal therapies for animal model with atopic dermatitis since some differences in systemic cytokine polarization between in animal model and in patients with atopic dermatitis has been reported. New studies for tang, medicinal herb itself or effective ingradients of medicinal herb showing anti-atopic dermatitis effectiveness are reviewed in terms of cytokine regulation. Methods : Those herbal therapies used to treat atopic dermatitis in animal model were introduced and the expression pattern of cytokine and the activity of mast cell were compared in both animal model and patients with atopic dermatitis. Results : In case of atopic dermatitis in human, there is a biphasic pattern of cytokine expression in atopic dermatitis, with acute skin inflammation associated with a predominance of IL-4 and IL-13 expression from Th2 cells, and chronic inflammation associated with increased IL-5 from Th2-cells and IFN-${\gamma}$ from Th1-cells. However, a pattern of cytokine expression in animal model with atopic dermatitis is not matched well to the biphasic pattern of cytokine expression in patients with atopic dermatitis. In addition, a kind of cytokine is different by animal model with atopic dermatitis. These differences would make herbal medicines, showing their effectiveness on atopic dermatitis, difficult to apply to patients with atopic dermatitis. Conclusion : The pattern of local cytokine expression plays an important role in modulating tissue inflammation, and in atopic dermatitis this pattern depends on the acuity or duration of the skin lesion. Thus, in order to develop medicinal herb itself or effective ingradients of medicinal herb showing anti-atopic dermatitis effectiveness, biphasic pattern of cytokine expression should be considered in animal model with atopic dermatitis.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2008

Atopic dermatitis is the fastest growing skin disorder among children from infancy to adolescence in Korea. The side-effects of atopic dermatitis not only include physical discomfort, but also psychological trauma which ultimately affects the developmental growth of children. This study was conducted in order to investigate the behavioral characteristics of an atopic dermatitis sufferer. As part of this research, the relative influence of behavioral problems and, self-perceived competence were analyzed in relation to the social competence of an atopic child. In total, 301 atopic and non-atopic children, between 2 and 6 years of age, and their mothers and teachers participated in the study. From this number, 109 children had atopic dermatitis, while 192 children did not. Mothers were asked to complete a parent-report questionnaire that required information on parental stress, according to the scale parenting methodology of Abbdin(1990) and Cho(1999). Teachers were subjected to teacher-report questionnaires which included topics on social competence, socia-emotional assessment and behavioral problems of an atopic child. Furthermore, children also completed questionnaires on self-perceived competence. According to analysis on K-CBCL, ITSEA, social competence, self-perceived competence and parental stress, children with atopic dermatitis showed higher scores in depression/anxiety and depression/withdrawal, compared to children in the normal control group. In relation to parental stress, daily stress, parental role stress, and stress related disease, mothers with atopic dermatitis children exhibited higher scores. In establishing relationships among the related variables, atopic children who demonstrated more social competence were more likely to suffer less from withdrawal, attention problems, and depression/anxiety. Stress related disease in mothers with atopic children was positively related to attention problems of the child. In terms of relative influences, behavioral problems was the most significant variable, accounting for 23% of variance. Lower behavioral problems was positively related to more social competence. In summation, this study investigated the general characteristics of atopic children. In conclusion, atopic children and their mothers had difficulty in dealing with this disease. It is our belief that an atopic child would not only require physical treatment, but also need appropriate psychological care.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.86-99
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare atopic dermatitis and food allergy of Korean Medicine with those of western medicine. Methods : We examined the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergy mainly in digestive system abnormalities through literature review. Results : Food allergy is classified into categories such as diarrhea, abdominal pain and cough caused by retention of undigested food(食積) and pimples(癮疹) in Korean medicine. The side effects caused by specific immune reactions occur repeatedly due to exposure to specific food allergen or retention of undigested food. Atopic dermatitis and food allergy are often coexisting and deeply related. Digestive system abnormalities can result not only in indigestion but also in immune function abnormalities. Food allergies are known to cause atopic dermatitis and the influx of food antigens exacerbates atopic dermatitis. This corresponds to atopic dermatitis due to abnormal digestive system(脾胃) accompanied by fever(熱), wind(風), and weakness(虛) with focusing on dampness(濕). A typical example of the relationship between atopic dermatitis and food allergy in Korean medicine is Tae-yeul (胎熱). Tae-yeul refers to atopic dermatitis caused by a sensitization to reaction to the dietary antigens of the mother through the placenta during the fetal life with a unusual genetic disposition. Conclusions : We compared korean medicine with western medicine for atopic dermatitis and food allergy. Atopic dermatitis caused by abnormal immune function due to ingestion of food antigen corresponds to dermatitis due to retention of undigested food(食積), digestive system(脾胃臟) problems in korean medicine.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2013

Objectives : The water extract of Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang (HHT), composed of the Scutellariae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex and Gardeniae Fructus has been traditionally used to treat fever, inflammation, gastritis and hypertension in east asia. However, little is known about the ameliorative effects of HHT on atopic dermatitis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of HHT on atopic dermatitis Methods : We investigated the inhibitory effects of HHT on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs), on the scratching behavior in ICR mice, and on atopic dermatitis symptoms in 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced atopic dermatitis-like model hairless mice. Results : Levels of TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ increased by PMA plus A23187 co-treatment were significantly inhibited by HHT in a dose-dependent manner. HHT also inhibited the histamine release from RPMCs stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. The oral administration of HHT reduced the scratching behavior induced by compound 48/80 and histamine in ICR mice. Furthermore, the intradermal treatment of HHT reduced the ear edema, skin lesions, and atopic molecular marker (IgE and IL-4) in DNFB-induced atopic dermatitis model mice. Conclusions : These results suggest that HHT may be used as a potential treatment for AD as a prescription for treatment of atopic dermatitis.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2012

Although pruritus is the critical symptom of atopic dermatitis that profoundly affect the patients' quality of life, controlling and management of prurirtus still remains as unmet needs mainly due to the distinctive multifactorial pathogenesis of pruritus in atopic dermatitis. Based on the distinct feature of atopic dermatitis that psychological state of patients substantially influence on the intensity of pruritus, various psychotropic drugs have been used in clinic to relieve pruritus of atopic dermatitis patients. Only several psychotropic drugs were reported to show real antipruritic effects in atopic dermatitis patients including naltrexone, doxepin, trimipramine, bupropion, tandospirone, paroxetine and fluvoxamine. However, the precise mechanisms of antipruritic effect of these psychotropic drugs are still unclear. In human skin, serotonin receptors and serotonin transporter protein are expressed on skin cells such as keratinocytes, melanocytes, dermal fibroblasts, mast cells, T cells, natural killer cells, langerhans cells, and sensory nerve endings. It is noteworthy that serotonergic drugs, as well as serotonin itself, showed immune-modulating effect. Fenfluramine, fluoxetine and 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine significantly decreased lymphocyte proliferation. It is still questionable whether these serotonergic drugs exert the immunosuppressive effects via serotonin receptor or serotonin transporter. All these clinical and experimental reports suggest the possibility that antipruritic effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in atopic dermatitis patients might be at least partly due to their suppressive effect on T cells. Further studies should be conducted to elucidate the precise mechanism of neuroimmunological interaction in pruritus of atopic dermatitis.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.241-253
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• 1999

The results of the study about comparison of Eastern-Western medicine on the Atopic dermatitis were as follows. 1. Atopic dermatitis is chronic eczematous dermatosis which have severe itching, characteristic eruption, easily occur region and pass on chronic relapsing progress and have family history of Atopic disease and hereditary disposition. 2. Atopic dermatitis assume an remarkable clinical aspect and it's diagnosis depends on family history and clinical symptom. 3. In all cases of Western medical treatment is nothing but a symptomatic treatment because can not find out certainly the cause of Atopic dermatitis. 4. Atopic dermatitis is belong to the category of the 'Naesun(내癬)', 'Taeryumchang(胎斂瘡)', 'Samanpoong(四灣風)' etc. in Oriental medicine. 5. The etiology and pathogenesis of Atopic dermatitis in oriental medicine are congenital defect(稟賦不足), internal accumulation of damp and heat(濕熱內鬱), improper diet(飮食不節), exogenous pathogenic factors(外邪侵襲), etc.. 6. The treatments of Atopic dermatitis in oriental medicine are thought effective clear up heat and remove dampness with febrifugal arld diuretic drug(淸熱利濕), invigorate the spleen to resolve dampness(健脾燥濕), nourish Um and blood to relave dryness(滋陰養血潤燥), etc..