• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.770-778
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• 2023

해상풍은 대기-해양의 상호작용을 이해하는데 중요한 요소일 뿐만 아니라, 해양에서 기인하는 위험기상을 예측하는데 중요한 입력자료이다. 정확한 예측을 위해서는 정확한 해상풍 자료가 요구되지만, 육상과 달리 해상은 관측이 제한적이기 때문에 관측 자료가 많지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 장기간의 고해상도 해상풍 자료 구축을 목표로 하였다. 먼저 장기간에 대해 활용 가능한 ERA5 재분석 바람장을 고해상도로 재격자화 하였고, 재격자화 한 ERA5 바람장을 수치모형 ADCIRC (ADvanced CIRCulation model)의 GAHM(Generalized Asymmetric Holland Model)을 이용하여 산출한 비대칭형 태풍 바람장과 합성하였다. 산출된 비대칭형 태풍 합성 바람장은 기상청 (Korea Meteorological Administration, KMA) 및 일본 기상청 (Japan Meteorological Administration, JMA) 관측자료를 이용하여 정확도를 평가하였다. 평가결과, ERA5 바람장 및 Holland 식을 이용하여 산출한 대칭형 태풍 합성 바람장보다 비대칭형 태풍 합성 바람장이 관측값을 매우 유사하게 재현하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 생산한 해상풍 자료는 향후 폭풍해일 후측 자료 구축, 폭풍해일고 빈도 분석, 해상풍 빈도 분석 등 다양한 연구의 기초자료로 유용하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2020

최근 운송수단의 안전운행 및 사고방지를 목표로 하는 자율운행 관련 기술이 적극적으로 연구되고 있다. 현재 자율운행에서 장애물 탐지를 위하여 레이다 및 카메라 기술이 사용되고 있으나, 근접한 물체의 탐지 및 이격거리의 정밀계측에는 LiDAR (light detection and ranging) 센서를 사용하는 방법이 가장 적합하다. LiDAR 센서는 레이저 펄스빔을 발사하고 물체로부터 반사되어 온 반사빔과의 시간차를 취득하여 이것으로 정밀한 거리를 계산하는 측정기로, 광을 이용하기 때문에 대기환경에서 물체의 인식률이 감소할 수 있는 단점이 있다. 본 논문은 LiDAR 센서의 raw 데이타에 대한 신뢰성 향상과 이를 기반으로 실시간 주변물체에 대한 탐지 및 이격거리 계측에서 오차를 개선하기 위하여 삼각함수에 의한 포인트 cloud를 추출하고, 선형회귀 모델을 이용하여 계측알고리즘을 구현하였으며, Python 라이브러리를 활용하여 물체탐지의 오차범위를 개선할 수 있음을 검증하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.383-401
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• 2016

In this paper, we described the statistical modeling of crop yields using satellite images, climatic datasets, soil property maps, and fertilizer data for the Midwestern United States during 2001-2012. Satellite images were obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and climatic datasets were provided by the Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) Climate Group. Soil property maps were derived from the Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD). Our multivariate regression models produced quite good prediction accuracies, with differences of approximately 8-15% from the governmental statistics of corn and soybean yields. The unfavorable conditions of climate and vegetation in 2012 could have resulted in a decrease in yields according to the regression models, but the actual yields were greater than predicted. It can be interpreted that factors other than climate, vegetation, soil, and fertilizer may be involved in the negative biases. Also, we found that soybean yield was more affected by minimum temperature conditions while corn yield was more associated with photosynthetic activities. These two crops can have different potential impacts regarding climate change, and it is important to quantify the degree of the crop sensitivities to climatic variations to help adaptation by humans. Considering the yield decreases during the drought event, we can assume that climatic effect may be stronger than human adaptive capacity. Thus, further studies are demanded particularly by enhancing the data regarding human activities such as tillage, fertilization, irrigation, and comprehensive agricultural technologies.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2015

Recent climate change has led to fluctuations in agricultural production, and as a result national food supply has become an important strategic factor in economic policy. As such, in this study, panel data was collected to analyze the effects of seven meteorological elements on the production of five types of grain with error component panel data regression method following the test results of LM tests, Hausman test. The key factors affecting the production of rice were average temperature, average relative humidity and average ground surface temperature. The fluctuations in the other four grains types are not well explained by meterological elements. For other grains and beans, only average temperature and time (year) affect the production of other grains while average temperature, ground surface temperature, and time (year) influence the production of beans. For barley and millet, only average temperature positively affects the production of barley while ground surface temperature and time (year) negatively influence the production of millet. The implications of this study are as follow. First, it was confirmed that the meteorological elements have profound effects on the rice production. Second, when compared to existing studies, this study was not limited to rice but encompassed all five types of grains and went beyond other studies that were limited to temperature and rainfall to include various meteorological elements.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.453-463
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• 2004

The Antarctic Peninsula is important in terms of global warming research due to pronounced increase of air temperature over the last century. The first eddy covariance system was established at King Sejong Station located in the northern region of the Antarctic Peninsula in December of 2002 and has been operated over one year. Here, we analyze turbulent characteristics to determine quality control criteria for turbulent sensible heat flux data as well as to diagnose the possibility of long term eddy covariance measurement under extreme weather conditions of the Antarctic Peninsula. We also report the preliminary result on sensible heat flux. Based on the analyses on turbulent characteristics such as integral turbulence characteristics of vertical velocity (w) and heat (T), stationarity test and investigation of correlation coefficient, they fallow the Monin-Obukhov similarity and eddy covariance flux data were reliable. ${\sim}47%$ of total retrieved sensible heat flux data could be used for further analysis. Daytime averaged sensible heat flux showed a pronounced seasonal variation, with a maximum of up to $300Wm^{-2}$ in summer. In conclusion, continuous and long-term eddy covariance measurement may be possible at the study site and the land surface may influence the atmosphere significantly through heat transport in summer.

• 대기
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.433-443
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• 2021

The wind speed and wind direction in Yeongdong are one of the crucial meteorological factors for forecasting snowfall in this area. To improve the snowfall forecast in Yeongdong region, Yeongdong Extreme Snowfall-Windstorm Experiment, YES-WEX was designed. We examined the wind field variation simulated with Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) using observed wind field during YES-WEX period. The simulated wind speed was overestimated over the East Sea and especially 2 to 4 times in the coastal line. The vertical wind in Yeongdong region, which is a crucial factor in the snowfall forecast, was not well simulated at the low level (850 hPa~1000 hPa) until 12 hours before the forecast. The snowfall distribution was also not accurately simulated. Three hours after the snowfall on the East Sea coast was observed, the snowfall was simulated. To improve the forecast accuracy of snowfall in Yeongdong region, it is important to understand the weather conditions using the observed and simulated data. In the future, data in the northern part of the East Sea and the mountain slope of Taebaek observed from the meteorological aircraft, ship, and drone would help in understanding the snowfall phenomenon and improving forecasts.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 1990$\sim$2005년 사이에 일본전국의 109개의 주요하천유역에서 조사된 어류, 식물, 조류 데이터를 이용하여, 각 생물종의 종수와 기후 및 지형의 환경인자와의 관계를 분석하고 모델링을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 어류, 식물, 조류의 분포는 각각 연평균 기온, 유역면적, 연간 강수량에 의해서 가장 많은 부분이 설명되었다. 또한, 광범위 스케일에서의 환경인자데이터를 이용한 각 생물종에 대한 일반화가법모델을 이용하여 일본전국의 하천유역의 각 생물 종수의 값을 예측하고 그 값을 지도화하였다. 예측값을 지도화하는 것은 관리자가 생물종의 다양성을 확보하기 위해서 보호해야할 지역을 새롭게 설정하거나, 생물다양성 보호지역의 유효성을 평가하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to measure ambient TGM concentrations in Seoul Korea, to determine the temporal variation of TGM, and to analyze the relationships among TGM, meteorological data and PM2.5 measured at the same time. Ambient TGM and PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the roof of the Graduate School of Public Health building in Seoul, Korea for the period of January to October 2004. Average TGM concentration was $3.43{\pm}1.17ng/m^3$. The average TGM was at a low concentration similar to those of background sites in other countries. The temporal variations and meteorological phenomena of TGM were not statistically significant. There was a positive link between TGM and PM2.5. It didn't indicate that reduction of $Hg^{2+}$ to Hg0 had occurred in liquid water contained in smog as in a previous study, but it shows that PM2.5 and TGM could be emitted from the same sources such as power plants and combustion engines. Also, the strong correlation between TGM and $SO_2$ concentrations indicated that the source of TGM was from fossil fuel combustions including coal combustion. Specifically, $SO_2\;and\;SO_4{^2-}$ concentrations correlated to TGM concentrations could be linked to TGM emitted from local and regional sources as well.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.247-258
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• 2013

A grid-based configuration of Land Surface Models (LSMs) coupled with a climate model can be advantageous in impact assessment of climate change for a large scale area. We assessed the applicability of Common Land Model (CoLM) to runoff and land surface temperature (LST) simulations at the domain that encompasses the Nakdong river basin. To establish a high resolution model configuration of a $1km{\times}1km$ grid size, both surface boundary condition and atmospheric inputs from the observed weather data in 2009 were adjusted to the same resolution. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was collected from MODerate esolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the downward short wave flux was produced by a nonstationary multi-site weather state model. Compared with the observed runoffs at the stations on Nakdong river, simulated runoffs properly responded to rainfall. The spatial features and the seasonal variations of the domain fairly well were captured in the simulated LSTs as well. The monthly and seasonal trend of LST were described well compared to the observations, however, the monthly averaged simulated LST exceeded the observed up to $2^{\circ}C$ at the 24 stations. From the results of our study, it is shown that high resolution LSMs can be used to evaluate not only quantity but also quality of water resources as it can capture the geographical features of the area of interest and its rainfall-runoff response.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2018

It is currently agreed upon that one of the major challenges in the construction industry is the energy efficiency of existing buildings. The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and United Nations (UN) have reported that the concentration of global atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased by an average of 50%, a record speed, from 2015 to 2016. The housing sector contributes to 45% of the UK's carbon emissions. To help tackle some of those issues the recast Energy Performance Building Directive (EBPD) has introduced Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs) in the coming years (including buildings that will undergo refurbishment/renovations). This paper will explore the retrofitting of a UK residential dwelling using Thermal Analysis Simulation (TAS, EDSL) software by focusing on building fabric improvements and usage of on-site renewables. The CIBSE Test Reference Year (TRY) weather data has been selected to examine the performance of the building under current and future climate projections. The proposed design variables were finally implemented in the building altogether on TAS. The simulation results showed a reduction in the building's annual energy consumption of $122.64kWh/m^2$ (90.24%). The greatest savings after this were achieved for the annual reduction in carbon emissions and avoided emissions, which were 84.59% and $816.47kg/CO_2$, respectively.