• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.235-244
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• 2002

The effects of residual impurities on solid state sintering of the powder injection molded (PIMed) W-15wt%Cu nanocomposite powder were investigated. The W-Cu nanocomposite powder was produced by the mech-ano-chemical process consisting of high energy ball-milling and hydrogen reduction of W blue powder-cuO mixture. Solid state sintering of the powder compacts was conducted at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 2~10 h in hydrogen atmosphere. The den-sification of PIM specimen was slightly larger than that of PM(conventional PM specimen), being due to fast coalescence of aggregate in the PIM. The only difference between PIM and PM specimens was the amount of residual impurities. The carbon as a strong reduction agent effectively reduced residual W oxide in the PIM specimen. The $H_2O$ formed by $H_2$ reduction of oxide disintegrated W-Cu aggregates during removal process, on the contrary to this, micropore volume rapidly decreased due to coalescence of the disintegrated W-Cu aggregates during evolution of CO.It can be concluded that the higher densification was due to the earlier occurred Cu phase spreading that was induced by effective removal of residual oxides by carbon.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.543-544
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• 2006

The effect of the additives, $Y_2O_3$ and MgO, on the sintering and properties of $Al_2O_3-TiC$ composites was investigated. It is known that MgO is used as additive for improving densification and $Y_2O_3$ is applied as sintering aid. In this study, the amounts of TiC were varied in the range of 30-47 wt%. The 0.5 wt% MgO and also varied amounts of $Y_2O_3$ from 0.3 to 1 wt% were added into the composites. The sintering of $Al_2O_3-TiC$ composites was performed in a graphite-heating element furnace at different sintering temperature, 1700 and $1900\;^{\circ}C$, for 2 hr under an argon atmosphere. The results demonstrated that the properties of the composites sintered at $1700\;^{\circ}C$ were much better than those sintered at $1900\;^{\circ}C$. The comparisons on physical properties, mechanical properties and microstructure of composites with and without additives were reported. Comparing with other samples, $Al_2O_3-30wt%TiC$ composites with 0.5wt% MgO and $1\;wt%Y_2O_3$ exhibited the highest density of approximately 98% of theoretical and flexural strength of 302 MPa.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2019

The effect of different Ni-containing additives on the sintering behavior and electric conductivity of the proton conducting electrolyte $BaCe_{0.35}Zr_{0.5}Y_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$ (BCZY5) was investigated. Ni-doped, NiO-added, and $BaY_2NiO_5$(BYN)-added (all 4 mol%) BCZY5 samples were prepared by the solid state synthesis method and sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. Among the three samples, the onset of densification was observed at the lowest temperature for NiO-added BCZY5, which is attributed to the formation of an intermediate phase at a low melting temperature. The BYN-added sample, where no consumption of the constitutional elements of the electrolyte was expected during sintering, exhibited the highest electrical conductivity whereas the doped sample had the lowest conductivity. The electrical conductivities at $500^{\circ}C$ under humid argon atmosphere were measured to be 2.0, 4.8, and $6.2mS{\cdot}cm^{-1}$ for Ni-doped and NiO- and BYN-added samples, respectively.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.246-250
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• 2011

Effects on sintering and electrical properties of $La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}Cr_{0.9}Co_{0.1}O_{3-{\delta}}$ system, a interconnect material for cylindrical and flat tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), have been investigated by Ca-source when using $CaCO_3$ and $CaF_2$. When using $CaCO_3$ and $CaF_2$ was mixing as Ca-source, single phased perovskite solid solution was observed for each sample. The sintering temperature was decreased by $CaF_2$ contents was increased. When using 0.1 mole $CaF_2$ was densely sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$ and relative density was 93.8%. Also, electrical conductivity in oxidation and reducing atmosphere was 47, 4.3 S/cm, respectively, due to $F^-$ ion enhance the electrical conductivity in reducing atmosphere.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.108-112
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• 2018

The present study demonstrates the effect of raw powder on the pore structure of porous W-Ni prepared by freeze drying of camphene-based slurries and sintering process. The reduction behavior of $WO_3$ and $WO_3-NiO$ powders is analyzed by a temperature programmed reduction method in Ar-10% H2 atmosphere. After heat treatment in hydrogen atmosphere, $WO_3-NiO$ powder mixture is completely converted to metallic W without any reaction phases. Camphene slurries with oxide powders are frozen at $-30^{\circ}C$, and pores in the frozen specimens are generated by sublimation of the camphene during drying in air. The green bodies are hydrogen-reduced at $800^{\circ}C$ and sintered at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The sintered samples show large and aligned parallel pores to the camphene growth direction, and small pores in the internal wall of large pores. The strut between large pores, prepared from pure $WO_3$ powder, consists of very fine particles with partially necking between the particles. In contrast, the strut densification is clearly observed in the Ni-added W sample due to the enhanced mass transport in activation sintering.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2014

In HI decomposition, $Pt/Al_2O_3$ has been studied by several researchers. However, after HI decomposition, it could be seen that metal dispersion of $Pt/Al_2O_3$ was greatly decreased. This reason was expected of platinum loss and sintering, which platinum was aggregated. Also, this decrease of metal dispersion caused catalytic deactivation. This study was conducted to find the condition to minimize platinum sintering and loss. In particular, heat treatment atmosphere and temperature were examined to improve the activity of HI decomposition reaction. First of all, although $Pt/Al_2O_3$ treated in hydrogen atmosphere had low platinum dispersion between 13 and 18%, it was shown to suitable platinum form that played an important role in improving HI decomposition reaction. Oxygen in the air atmosphere made $Pt/Al_2O_3$ have high platinum dispersion even 61.52% at $500^{\circ}C$. Therefore, in order to get high platinum dispersion and suitable platinum form in HI decomposition reaction, air heat treatment at $500^{\circ}C$ was needed to add before hydrogen heat treatment. In case of 5A3H, it had 51.13% platinum dispersion and improved HI decomposition reaction activity. Also, after HI decomposition reaction it had considerable platinum dispersion of 23.89%.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 1995

마이크로파 (2.45 GHz) 에너지를 이용한 PZT계 세라믹스의 소결특성과 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 소결은 $1050 ~ 1130^{\circ}C$ 범위에서 5분간 행하였다. 소결온도가 높아질수록 소결밀도가 높은 치밀한 소결체를 얻을 수 있었으며, 전기적 특성이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 소결온도가 $1090^{\circ}C$이상으로 증가하게 되면 PbO의 휘발로 인하여 소결밀도가 감소하였으며, 이에 따라 유전율과 전기기계결합계수 값도 감소하였다. PbO 분위기 조절없이 마이크로파로 $1090^{\circ}C$에서 소결한 시편의 전기적 특성은 유전율, 기계적품질계수, 전기기계결합계수 등의 값이 각각 1900, 80, 0.53으로 일반적인 전기로에 의한 소결과 비교하여, 비슷한 특성을 나타내었다. 마이크로파 에너지를 이용하여 소결공정을 20분 안에 끝마칠 수 있는 급속소결법으로 공정시간과 에너지를 크게 절감할 수 있었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.418-425
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• 2011

In this study, a high energy ball milling process was introduced in order to improve the densification of direct nitrided AlN powder. The sintering behavior and thermal conductivity of the AlN milled powder was investigated. The mixture of AlN powder and 5 wt% $Y_2O_3$ as a sintering additive was pulverized and dispersed by a bead mill with very small $ZrO_2$ bead media. The milled powders were sintered at $1700^{\circ}C-1800^{\circ}C$ for 4 h under $N_2$ atmosphere. The results showed that the sintered density was enhanced with increasing milling time due to the particle refinement as well as the increase in oxygen contents. Appropriate milling time was effective for the improvement of thermal conductivity, but the extensive millied powder formed more fractions of secondary phase during sintering, resulted in the decrease in thermal conductivity. The AlN powder milled for 10min after sintering at $1800^{\circ}C$ revealed the highest thermal conductivity, of 164W/$m{\cdot}K$ in tne densified AlN sintered at $1800^{\circ}C$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1555-1559
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• 2008

$5{\sim}150{\mu}m$의 오스테나이트계 304(Fe-18%Cr-12%Ni) 및 316L(Fe-18%Cr-13%Ni-2.4%Mo)미립 분말을 사용하여 소결 특성을 평가한 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다 (1) 3.6ks의 소결 시간으로는 어느 경우에 있어서나 소결조건에 관계없이 소결체의 상대밀도는 $95{\sim}98%$에서 포화하여 완전 치밀화된 소결체를 얻을 수 없었다. (2) $5{\mu}m$분말을 진공소결 하였을 경우, ts=57.6ks에서 거의 완전 치밀화된 소결체가 얻어졌다. (3) 소결 분위기에 상관없이 304 및 316L소결체에는 $0.5{\sim}0.6%$정도의 산소가 잔류하였다. (4) 진공 소결의 경우, 탄소분 첨가에 의해 소결체의 잔류 산소량은 무첨가 소결체에 비하여 0.375이상 감소하였고, 조직적으로도 산화물은 거의 관찰되지 않았다. 또한 탄소 첨가는 소결체의 밀도 향상 효과로 작용하여 목적하는 완전 치밀화된 고성능 소결체를 제조하는 것이 가능하게 되었다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.678-685
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of applied pressure and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties for spark plasma sintering (SPS) from commercial pure titanium (CP-Ti) powders. Spark plasma sintering is a relatively new sintering technique in powder metallurgy which is capable of sintering metal and ceramic powers quickly to full density at a fairly low temperature due to its unique features. SPS of -200 mesh or -400 mesh CP-Ti powders was carried out in an $Ar+H_2$ mixed gas flowing atmosphere between $650^{\circ}C$ and $750^{\circ}C$ under 10 to 80 MPa pressure. When SPS was carried out at relatively low temperatures ($650^{\circ}C$ to $750^{\circ}C$), the high (>60 MPa) pressure had a marked effect on densification and grain growth suppression. The full density of titanium was achieved at temperatures and pressures above $700^{\circ}C$ and 60 MPa by spark plasma sintering. The crystalline phase and microstructure of titanium sintered up to $700^{\circ}C$ consisted of ${\alpha}$-Ti and equiaxed grains. Vickers hardness ranging from 293 to 362 Hv and strength ranging from 304 to 410 MPa were achieved for spark plasma sintered titanium.