• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.53 no.9
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• pp.602-609
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• 2015

The aim of this document is to evaluate the effect of bite balance on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of occlusal appliance including mouthguards on physical performances. We all remember that day when the prominent athlete was in the news wearing a mouthguard to improve human athletic performance. I once had investigated the determinants of athletic performance in all sorts of sports. Most of the studies had overinterpretation of results and lack of evidence to support the information. However, I discovered great expectations for new possibility in this field and settled for a more academic approach to this intriguing subject. The followings are some examples of the subject 1. Archers who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 2~3mm increased their ability to focus and to maintain good sense of balance. Their accuracy rate has been improved. The appliance was made of acrylic resin (a type of plastic). 2. Canoe players who wore occlusal appliances to increase the vertical dimension of occlusion by 5mm surpassed longtime competitor and won the race with 10 seconds gap. 3. A cycle rider who wore an occlusal appliance to treat his malocclusion surpassed his old record from 10.8 seconds to 10.3 seconds. His muscle reflexes (anaerobic exercise) and endurance (aerobic exercise) has been enhanced. 4. Occlusal appliances had a good effect on athletic performance in most sports such as swimming, diving, and weightlifting. As for the clenching on dentition, people clench their teeth when they push their physical and mental limits during sports activities. Clenching can be induced by physical exertion when maximum muscle strength is retained and this is similarly found in different types of exercises. In addition, restraint of respiratory function is observed. Therefore, creating a occlusal balance with occlusal appliance or mouthguard promoted a favorable influence when an athlete clenches.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2019

[Purpose] Effective nutritional intervention can help reduce the risk of nutritional problems and improve athletic performance in adolescents. The five A's (assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange) model is widely used as the theoretical framework for advice on nutrition, smoking, drinking, and physical activity and it recommends that practitioners in primary health care promote behavior change to facilitate positive outcomes. This model has also been useful in understanding the underlying processes of behavior change. This study aimed to develop both a novel evidence-based nutritional intervention protocol, rooted in sound nutritional theory, and a customizable nutritional intervention program to support sustainable healthy eating, enhance nutrient intake, and improve athletic performance in adolescent athletes. [Methods] In this study, we adapted the 5 A's behavioral change model and motivational interview to develop a theoretical framework to help adolescent athletes change their behavior and achieve their goals. [Results] During each step of the 5 A's protocol, a customized nutritional intervention protocol was developed by nutrition experts for each of adolescent athletes. Each plan was developed to improve the eating habits of adolescent athletes through group education and counseling. All nutritional counseling sessions were designed to enable participants to apply nutritional knowledge and practical action plans to their training and competition conditions to enable each of them to achieve individual athletic goals and facilitate self-management. [Conclusion] A theoretical and evidence-based nutritional intervention protocol was developed to identify and address obstacles to healthy dietary habits in adolescent athletes. This could be used as the basis for further studies aimed at improving nutrient intake and athletic performance in adolescent athletes.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.370-378
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Athletes generally desire changes in body composition in order to enhance their athletic performance. Often, athletes will practice chronic energy restrictions to attain body composition changes, altering their energy needs. Prediction of resting metabolic rates (RMR) is important in helping to determine an athlete's energy expenditure. This study compared measured RMR of athletic and non-athletic adolescents with predicted RMR from commonly used prediction equations to identify the most accurate equation applicable for adolescent athletes. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 50 athletes (mean age of $16.6{\pm}1.0years$, 30 males and 20 females) and 50 non-athletes (mean age of $16.5{\pm}0.5years$, 30 males and 20 females) were enrolled in the study. The RMR of subjects was measured using indirect calorimetry. The accuracy of 11 RMR prediction equations was evaluated for bias, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: Until more accurate prediction equations are developed, our findings recommend using the formulas by Cunningham (-29.8 kcal/day, limits of agreement -318.7 and +259.1 kcal/day) and Park (-0.842 kcal/day, limits of agreement -198.9 and +196.9 kcal/day) for prediction of RMR when studying male adolescent athletes. Among the new prediction formulas reviewed, the formula included in the fat-free mass as a variable [$RMR=730.4+15{\times}fat-free\;mass$] is paramount when examining athletes. CONCLUSIONS: The RMR prediction equation developed in this study is better in assessing the resting metabolic rate of Korean athletic adolescents.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2012

The purpose of this review study is to examine current status of dietary supplement use to enhance athletic performance capacity in elite athletes based upon anti-doping education, sports type, athletic performance capacity, gender, and age. Several previous review studies have focused on the biochemistry characteristics and intake incidence of dietary supplements and those studies have not showed enough evidence of the reason why elite athletes usually take dietary supplements. Anti-doping education may increase the incidence of dietary supplement use in elite athletes because of increasing expertise of dietary supplements. It would be expected that increased incidence of long-term dietary supplement use may induce positive effects on the body having potential effects on athletic performance capacity, although a trace of nutrients may not directly effect on the outcome of the game. Moreover, it seems that the difference of dietary supplement use based upon gender and age may come from sports type and the difference of dietary supplement intake reason may come from health and body condition maintenance rather than athletic performance capacity when considering dietary supplement use items based upon intake reasons. Most elite athletes consume at least over 2 dietary supplement items in a long period of time rather than 1 dietary supplement item in a short period of time; however, the scientific evidence of dietary supplement use seems to be insufficient. Therefore, further experimental approach studies concerning dietary supplement effects would be needed.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-15
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• 2019

[Purpose] Functional beverages are a protective or enhancing factor influencing not only public health but also athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to highlight the new conditioning beverage of the Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 (B240) with electrolytes or proteins, which strengthens immune functions to improve the quality of life. [Methods] ISeveral related studies systematically reviews three main issues associated with conditioning beverages: (a) utilization and availability of the functional beverage; (b) significance of B240 in immune strengthening; and (c) availability and application of conditioning drinks in the daily life and sports field. [Results] Intake of B240 led to greater enhancements, including blood T-helper, NK cell, IgA and IgG level in conjunction with strengthen immune functions. These results speculated that the practical application of B240 contained beverages on physiological health and performance. [Conclusion] BODYMAINTÉ, this novel conditioning beverage is expected biological utility responsible for improved sports performance as a functional drink and has potential health-related implications.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.425-437
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• 2024

Exercise plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis, which affects the diversity of the intestinal microbial community in humans and animals. To the best of the authors' knowledge, few studies have reported the associations between horse gut microbiota along with their predicted metabolic activities and the athletic ability of Jeju horses and Thoroughbreds living in Korea. This study was conducted to investigate the association between the gut microbiota and athletic performance in horses. This study sequenced the V3 and V4 hypervariable regions of the partial 16S rRNA genes obtained from racehorse fecal samples and compared the fecal microbiota between high- and low-performance Jeju horses and Thoroughbreds. Forty-nine fecal samples were divided into four groups: high-performance Jeju horses (HJ, n = 13), low-performance Jeju horses (LJ, n = 17), high-performance Thoroughbreds (HT, n = 9), and low-performance Thoroughbreds (LT, n = 10). The high-performance horse groups had a higher diversity of the bacterial community than the low-performance horse groups. Two common functional metabolic activities of the hindgut microbiota (i.e., tryptophan and succinate syntheses) were observed between the low-performance horse groups, indicating dysbiosis of gut microbiota and fatigue from exercise. On the other hand, high-performance horse groups showed enriched production of polyamines, butyrate, and vitamin K. The racing performance may be associated with the composition of the intestinal microbiota of Jeju horses and Thoroughbreds in Korea.

• Bulletin of Food Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.177-178
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• 1996

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.324-332
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• 2018

A mouthguard is a protective device normally worn on the upper jaw, to reduce injures to the teeth, jaws and surrounding soft tissues. It has a definite role in preventing injuries to the teeth and face and for this reason it is strongly recommended for all sporting activities where there is a risk of trauma to the teeth and associated structures. Mouthguards can be effective in reducing impact force to the teeth, and attributed to enhancement of postural control and muscle performance during teeth clenching. Although there is evidence that mouthguards reducing impact force to the teeth, and prevent orofacial trauma occurrence during sport practice, the influence of this device on athletic performance has not been systematically quantified. Nevertheless, wearing a dentally fitted laminated mouthguard of at least 3 mm thickness can be strongly recommended during sport practice.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.579-588
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• 2023

This study attempted to reveal the causal relationship (SEM) focusing on communication style on the impact of lapo formation between personal trainers and customers on motor performance. Accordingly, the following results were derived through the mobile program "Survey Monkey" for 187 PT customers according to the sample plan from October 1 to April 28, 2022. First, it was found that communication style had an effect (+) on lapo formation. Second, communication style partially affects (+) mobility performance, and the control type has no influence relationship. Third, lapo formation was found to have an effect on motor performance. Therefore, since PT is a human service, not a general service, its importance should be emphasized more. In addition, the dominance in the fierce PT market is expected to have both athletic performance and management performance if the verbal and non-verbal aspects of expression methods that customers can respond to are properly reflected.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.366-376
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to analysis of distinction according to athletics class teaching of sport activities participation by primary school female teachers. The result showed that primary school female teachers who had participated in sports activities had higher average in athletic class recognition and athletic class teaching than those who had not participated in sports activities. The difference was statistically significant. Among participators to sports activities, teachers who participated in "indirect competition type sports" had higher average in athletic class teaching than those who had participated in "performance record type sports" or "aesthetic sports". The difference was statistically significant. Regarding degree of participation in sports activities, teachers who had participated in twice and more than twice a week had higher average in athletic class teaching than those who had participated in once or less than once a week. The difference was statistically significant. There was no significant difference among groups regarding participating time or participating period in sports activities. In conclusion, our research suggests that sports activities participation by primary school female teachers gives positive impact to athletic class teaching.