• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.259-277
• /
• 2021

This article investigates the geopolitics of the energy transition era, concentrating on China's solar photovoltaic (PV) industry. Authors have noted that the rise of renewables is changing the geopolitical landscape of world energy systems, but these new energy sources carry their own technical characteristics and geopolitical implications. Bearing this in mind, this research answers the questions: What are the structural factors that facilitate China's use of renewable energy to achieve political goals, and what are their implications? In order to analyze the data, I devise an analytical framework based on the energy statecraft literature and contrast rival explanations, particularly the "prosumer theory" and the premise of less geopolitical interdependence in a renewable-centered world. I show that asymmetric interdependence in the solar PV sector is already a reality. China's solar PV industry is a case that suffices all conditions (centrality in industrial capacity, market share, and companies' compliance, but to a lesser extent in critical materials and technological endowments) in the solar PV sector to devise effective strategies aimed at reaping benefits out of its asymmetric interdependence with the rest of the world.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2019

The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors of the deep drawability of metal sheets. The plastic strain ratio of Al sheet is low value. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the plastic strain ratio in order to improve the deep drawability of the Al sheet. This study investigated the increase in the plastic strain ratio and the texture change of AA1050 Al sheet after the hot asymmetric rolling. The average plastic strain ratio of initial AA1050 Al sheets was 0.41. After 84% hot asymmetric rolling at $400^{\circ}C$, the average plastic strain ratio was 0.77. The average plastic strain ratio of 84% hot asymmetrically rolled AA1050 Al sheet at $400^{\circ}C$ is 1.9 times higher than that of initial AA1050 Al sheet. The ${\mid}{\Delta}R{\mid}$ of 84% hot asymmetrically rolled AA1050 Al sheet at $400^{\circ}C$ is 1/2 times lower than that of initial AA1050 Al sheet. This result is due to the development of the intensity of the ${\gamma}-fiber$ texture and the decrease of the intensity of {001}<100> texture after the hot asymmetric rolling of AA1050 Al sheet.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.281-286
• /
• 2019

The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors of the deep drawability of metal sheets. The plastic strain ratio of Al sheet is low value. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the plastic strain ratio in order to improve the deep draw ability of the Al sheet. This study investigated the increase of the plastic strain ratio and the texture change of AA3003 sheet after the hot asymmetric rolling. The average plastic strain ratio of the initial AA3003 sheets was 0.69. After 83% hot asymmetric rolling at $200^{\circ}C$, the average plastic strain ratio was 0.83. The average plastic strain ratio of the 83% hot asymmetrically rolled AA3003 sheet at $200^{\circ}C$ is 1.2 times higher than that of the initial AA3003 sheet. The ${\mid}{\Delta}R{\mid}$ of 83% hot asymmetrically rolled AA3003 sheet at $200^{\circ}C$ is 0.83 times lower than that of the initial AA3003 sheet. This result is due to the development of the intensity of ${\gamma}-fiber$ texture and reduces the intensity of {001}<110> and {001}<100> textures after hot asymmetric rolling of AA3003 sheet.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.28-38
• /
• 2010

The factors influencing the relapse and recurrence of skeletal deformity after the orthognathic surgery include various factors such as condylar deviation, the amount of mandibular set-back, stretching force by the soft tissues and muscles around the facial skeleton. The purpose of this report is to recognize and analyze the possible factors of reoperation after orthognathic surgery, due to early relapses. Six patients underwent reoperation after the orthognathic surgeries out of 110 patients from 2006 to 2009 were included in this study. In most cases, clincal signs of the insufficient occlusal stability, anterior open bite, and unilateral shifting of the mandible were founded within 2 weeks postoperatively. Although elastic traction was initiated in every case, inadequate correction made reoperation for these cases inevitable. The chief complaints of five cases were the protruded mandible combined with some degree of asymmetric face and in the other one case, it was asymmetric face only. Various factors were considered as a major cause of post-operative instability such as condylar sagging, counter-clockwise rotation of the mandibular segment, soft tissue tension related with asymmetrical mandibular set-back, preoperatively existing temporomandibular disorder (TMD), poor fabrication of the final wafer, and dual bite tendency of the patients.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.42-54
• /
• 2013

Information System (IS) Success Model proposed by DeLone and McLean is applied as a successful operation tool of information system, with its basic assumption of symmetric relationship between independent variables and dependent variables of the structural equation modeling. However, because previous studies have proved asymmetry of quality factors' influence structure on dependent variable by applying three-factor analysis, this study examined asymmetry of impact structure of quality factors introduced in IS Success Model on user satisfaction. Also the study applies structure equation modeling (SEM), three-factor analysis and importance and performance analysis (IPA) to develop resource allocation strategy for IS success. The study is able to provide IS practitioners with strategic implications for allocating and managing limited resources more effectively.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.471-473
• /
• 1997

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.156-162
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 비대칭 이중게이트 MOSFET의 산화막두께, 채널도핑농도 그리고 상하단 게이트 전압 등과 같은 소자 파라미터에 따른 전도중심 및 전자농도가 문턱전압이하 스윙에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 한다. 비대칭 이중게이트 MOSFET는 대칭구조와 비교하면 상하단 게이트 산화막의 두께 및 게이트 전압을 각각 달리 설정할 수 있으므로 단채널효과를 제어할 수 있는 요소가 증가하는 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 상하단 산화막두께 및 게이트 전압에 따른 전도중심 및 전자분포의 변화를 분석하여 심각한 단채널효과인 문턱전압이하 스윙 값의 저하 현상을 감소시킬 수 있는 최적의 조건을 구하고자 한다. 문턱전압이하 스윙의 해석학적 모델을 유도하기 위하여 포아송방정식을 이용하여 전위분포의 해석학적 모델을 구하였다. 결과적으로 소자 파라미터에 따라 전도중심 및 전자농도가 크게 변화하였으며 문턱전압이하 스윙은 상하단 전도중심 및 전자농도에 의하여 큰 영향을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.605-615
• /
• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to categorize service attributes on the basis of the asymmetric and non-linear relationship existing between service attributes and customer satisfaction. Researchers generally assume that service attribute performances and customer satisfaction are both symmetrical and linear. That is to say, improvements in attribute performance will inevitably result in increased customer satisfaction. However, this is not always the case. Certain attributes have been shown not to create satisfaction even when improved, and others do not create dissatisfaction even when their performance ratings become negative. Understanding this relationship is crucial not only to researchers, but also to service managers. Service managers can arrange their priorities with regard to which attributes must be improved or promoted first, in an environment of limited technical, financial, and human resources. Many studies into this asymmetric and non-linear relationship have recently been conducted, beginning with Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory (1976) and the disconfirmation theory, which was eventually developed into Kano's model (1984). This study attempted to determine the impact level of service attributes on incidents of satisfaction or dissatisfaction. It used 30 service attributes generated by Park (2008) in the CIT research into family restaurants. The data were collected from 600 participants, 300 incidences of satisfaction and 300 incidents of dissatisfaction, via an online survey. The t-test was used to confirm the difference between the satisfaction group's and dissatisfaction group's attributes. 11 attributes were found to be significant at a level of p>0.05. This indicates that the 11 attributes exerted different impacts on satisfaction and dissatisfaction, which confirmed the asymmetric and non-linear relationship. 14 attributes were categorized into the core service, 1 attribute into the quality service, 7 attributes into the basic service, and 8 attributes into the neutral service. Strategic customer service management was recommended for the 'A' family restaurant as an example, on the basis of the asymmetric and non-linear relationship and the characteristics of the four service factors.

• 소성∙가공
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.354-360
• /
• 2019

The plastic strain ratio is one of the factors that affect the deep drawability of metal sheets. The plastic strain ratio of fully annealed Cu sheet is low because its texture has {001}<100>. In order to improve the deep drawability of Cu sheet, it is necessary to increase the plastic strain ratio of Cu sheet. This study investigate the increase of plastic strain ratio of a Cu sheet after the first asymmetry rolling and annealing, and the second asymmetry rolling and annealing in air and Ar gas conditions. The average plastic strain ratio (R_m) was 0.951 and |ΔR| value was 1.27 in the initial Cu sheet. After the second 30.1% asymmetric rolling and annealing of Cu sheet at 1000℃ in air condition, the average plastic strain ratio (R_m) was 1.03 times higher. However, |ΔR| was 0.12 times lower than that of the initial specimen. After the second 18.8% asymmetric rolling and annealing of Cu sheet at 630℃ in Ar gas condition, the average plastic strain ratio (R_m) was 1.68 times higher and |ΔR| was 0.82 times lower than that of the initial specimen. These results are attributed to the change of the texture of Cu sheet due to the different annealing conditions.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.109-125
• /
• 2014

The force transfer mechanism in positive moment continuity details for prestressed concrete girder bridges is investigated in this paper using a three-dimensional detailed finite element model. Positive moment reinforcement in the form of hairpin bars as recommended by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report No 519 is incorporated in the model. The cold construction joint that develops at the interface between girder ends and continuity diaphragms is also simulated via contact elements. The model is then subjected to the positive moment and corresponding shear forces that would develop over the service life of the bridge. The stress distribution in the continuity diaphragm and the axial force distribution in the hairpin bars are presented. It was found that due to the asymmetric configuration of the hairpin bars, asymmetric stress distribution develops at the continuity diaphragm, which can be exacerbated by other asymmetric factors such as skewed bridge configurations. It was also observed that when the joint is subjected to a positive moment, the tensile force is transferred from the girder end to the continuity diaphragm only through the hairpin bars due to the lack of contact between the both members at the construction joint. As a result, the stress distribution at girder ends was found to be concentrated around the hairpin bars influence area, rather than be resisted by the entire girder composite section. Finally, the results are used to develop an approach for estimating the cracking moment capacity at girder ends based on a proposed effective moment of inertia.