• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Physiological activities of hot water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Astragalus membranaceus were examined and the antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity were measured. The hot water extract of Astragalus membranaceus was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, and each of these fractions was individually assayed. The antioxidative activities of ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were 89.96% and 87.36%, respectively. Using the fibrin plate method, only the hot water extract showed a plasmin activity of 0.41 units/ml. The thrombin inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest with a value of 82.73%. The hot water extract displayed a-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 64.91%. In conclusion, the hot water extract and the ethyl acetate fraction can be used as materials for the development of biofunctional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-48
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• 1997

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?), Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子), Ligustrum lucidum Ail (女貞子) are Herbs that are frequently used in a lot of prescriptions to reduce the side effects of anti-cancer therapies, especially like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The radioprotective and hemopoietic effects of these Herbs on BALB/c splenocytes and bone marrow cells are measured. In order to evaluate the Hemopoietic effects, Thymidine uptakes and secretion of colony stimulating factors(CSFs) of splenocytes and myelocytes treated with herbs were measured. Radioprotective effects were accessed by the method of immunocompetence of murine lymphocytes cultured with herbs before irradiation and with LPS, ConA after irradiation. The results are as follows. 1. The orders of Proliferative effects of herbs on splenocytes were Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), the higest of all, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸). Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子), the lowest of all. At Optimal concentration, the proliferation ratios of herb-treated splenocytes compared to non-treated ones were like these. Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮) 44.3, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) 17.7, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸) 10, Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) 6.4, Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) 2.0.(p<0.05) 2. When splenocytes were cultured during different periods, Atractylodes. macrocephala Loidz (白朮) and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) showed the higest proliferation on 3th day, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) on 4th day,(p<0.05) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) until 5th day but with no significant increase. 3. The orders of Proliferative effects of herbs on Bone Marrow(BM) cells were Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), the higest of all, Astragalus memhranaceus Bunge (黃?), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子), the lowest of all too. At Optimal concentration, the proliferation ratios of herb-treated BM cells compared to non-treated ones were like these. Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮) 21.7, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) 9.9, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸) 4.9, Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) 2.3, Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) 1.4(p<0.05). 4. The secretion ratio of colony stimulating factors(CSFs) of each herb-treated group, compared to control, was Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮) 9.4, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) 9.0, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸) 4.4, Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) 3.8 (p<0.05) but no significant increase in Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子). 5. The mitogen(ConA, LPS) stimulated-lymphocytes cultured with each herb before irradiation of 1-3 Gy showed more enhanced proliferation than control(p<0.05). When compared to each non-irradiated group of all groups, the orders of percentage increase of irradiated group were Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), the higest of all, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子). Each percentage showed significant enhancement compared to control group(p<0.05). According to the results, Atractylcdes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) are suggested to be the most effective hemopoietic and radioprotective herbs, and Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) the next, but Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) showed lower effects than expected.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the availability of raw Astragalus membranaceus as a food ingredient. Methods: Raw and dried A. membranaceus water extracts were used to examine the free radical scavenging activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents, and antimicrobial activity. Also, the sensory characteristics of each water extracts were evaluated. Results: The free radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of raw A. membranaceus extracts were higher than those of dried A. membranaceus extracts. The antimicrobial activities of raw and dried A. membranaceus extracts were examined against several food borne illness-causing microorganisms using the paper disc diffusion method. Inhibition zones were observed in Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruglnosa, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus treated with raw extracts. Inhibition zones were observed in B. subtilis, P. aeruglnosa and S. enterica subsp. enterica treated with dried extracts. Raw A. membranaceus extracts had higher scores than dried extracts in sensory evaluation. Conclusion: Raw A. membranaceus was better in antioxidative, antimicrobial activities, and sensory characteristics than dried one.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.266-271
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• 2008

In this study, Jeolpyon(imprinted with flow patterns) was prepared with different amount of added Astragalus membranaceu extracts(0%, 3%, 6%, 9% and l2%)and then the quality and sensory characteristic effects were examined. All togather the chemical composition of the samples was as follows: $53.l2{\pm}0.04%$ of moisture, $l4.43{\pm}0.05$ crude protein, $7.6l{\pm}0.11%$ crude fat, and $21.35{\pm}0.09%$ crude ash. Hardness and cohesiveness significantly increased(p <0.001), and springiness, chewiness and adhesiveness decreased, with increasing amounts of Astragalus membranaceus extract. In the chromaticity analysis, the L-value(brightness)significantly decreased with increasing Astragalus membranaceus extract content, and the b-value(yellowness) increased in direct proportion to the extract content. Finally, in the sensory evaluation, the Jeolpyon containing 9.0% extract received the highest overall preference scores.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.89-92
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• 2022

In Asia, the roots of Paeonia lactiflora and Astragalus membranaceus have been used as therapeutic agents for thousands of years. Once the medicinal plants are harvested, they are dried and their ingredients are extracted by heat-mediated reflux extraction. However, the condensed structure of organic products (especially roots) limits the extraction of bioactive components. In this study, we assessed the effect of the puffing method (using high temperature and pressure) before the extraction process in relation to the profile and antioxidant capacity of active ingredients. We demonstrated that the additional puffing process before extraction methods improves the yield of polyphenol concentrations and antioxidant activities from the roots of P. lactiflora and A. membranaceus.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2000

Astragalus membranaceus has flowers that are similar to that of the legume family, but shows poor bearing when self-pollination is induced. Thus, this study was carried out observing the ripening procedure of pistils and stamens and development stages of pollen in the context of the birth and growth of the flower. As to the bearing of the flower of A. membranaceus, few pod setting and 13% pod setting were observed when self-pollination is induced by paper-bag covering or artificial pollination treated respectively. The result indicates that A. membranaceus is a cross-pollination plant. A pistil grew faster than a stamen until just before blooming. The flower size was about 17.0mm$\times$4.0mm. Pistils and stamens had the same length after flowering. Pollen mother cells passed through meiosis and mitosis when its length reached around 3.5mm, thus creating the tetrade when 4 mm long. Pollen attained full growth when the bud was about 10mm long. An anther was found to tend to dehisce when the length of a bud reached around 12.0mm. As to the shape of pollen, about 70 % were normal. 1% and 30 % were small or empty pollen respectively. The result indicates that pollen of A. membranaceus attains full growth just before anther dehiscence which occurs before blooming while pistils grow faster than stamens until before flowering.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.433-440
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• 1995

Astragali Radix, the roots of Korean Astragalus membranaceus BUNGE (Leguminosae), was extracted and fractionated. One fraction of them exhibited anti-Herpes Simplex (type I) activity ($ED_{50}=3.403\;{\mu}g/ml$).

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.276-288
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• 2014

The six polysaccharide fractions were prepared by chromatographic procedure from the hot water extracts of the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus. These six polysaccharides from aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge were tested for gut-mucosal immune activity and acute toxicity. In a view of molecular weight, the six fractions were estimated to be 75000, 88000, 129000 and 345000 Da, respectively. Component sugar analysis indicated that these fractions were mainly consisted of galactose (46.3 ~ 11.8%) and arabinose (35.4 ~ 9.9%) in addition to glucose, rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucuronic acid and galacturonic acid. Among the six major purified polysaccharides, AMA-1-b-PS2 showed highest bone merrow cell proliferation and lymphocyte of Peyer's patch stimulating activity. It may be concluded that intestinal immune system modulating activity of aboveground parts from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is caused by polysaccharides having a polygalacturonan moiety with neutral sugars such as arabinose and galactose. In single oral dose toxicity study, no differences were observed between control and treated groups in clinical signs. The results indicated that lethal dose 50 ($LD_{50}$) of water extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts was found to be higher than 5000 mg/kg/day in this experiment. From the above results, we may suggest that Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts might have useful as a safe material for functional food and pharmaceutics.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.474-485
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• 2013

Pharmacological studies and clinical practices have indicated that Radix Astragali, a dried root of Astragalus membranaceus possesses a lot of biological activities, including antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, tonic, diuretic, antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunological activities. These biological activities approved by the modern pharmacological studies are mainly due to the constituents of Astragalus membranaceus including polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, amino acids, and trace elements. In resent, the main constituents in the root part showing a lot of biological activities has been isolated also from the aboveground parts such as leaves and sprouts in our laboratory. However, the safety evaluation for the aboveground parts of Astragalus membranaceus should be checked before expanding their application as one of food. In the study, a 90-day rat oral gavage study has been conducted with the extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-above-ground parts at doses of 1000, 3000, and 5000mg/kg/day. The following endpoints were evaluated: clinical observations, body weight, gross and microscopic pathology, clinical chemistry, and hematology. Based on the analysis of these endpoints, it was estimated that NOEL (no observed effect level) for male rats and NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) for female rats are 5000mg/kg/day of the water-extracts from Astragalus membranaceus-aboveground parts.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2010

The potential biological activities of methanol extract and 5 fractions (hexane, $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc, BuOH and water) from roots of Astragalus membranaceus were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical (${\cdot}OH$) scavenging activity, reducing power assays, lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition assays. The EtOAc fraction showed high DPPH free radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=170.34\;{\mu}g/mL$), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}=32.14\;{\mu}g/mL$), lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity ($EC_{50}=52.46\;{\mu}g/mL$) and a concentration dependence, with OD value ranging from 0.234 to 0.345 (0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL), for reducing power. The EtOAc fraction has the highest total phenolic content ($142.13\;Gal\;{\mu}g/mg$) and the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction has the highest flavonoid content ($71.63\;Que\;{\mu}g/mg$). Meanwhile, hexane and EtOAc showed certain $\alpha$-amylase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition activities. These results suggest that the methanol extract and fractions from Astragalus membranaceus root have significant antioxidant and anti-diabetes activities, which could be used as a potential source of pharmaceutical materials.