• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2016

In this study, our investigated the antioxidant activities and compared other bioassay including anti-microbial, antifungal activities and total polyphenol contents of functional healthy drinks from some medicinal herbs and coffee mixture. The kind of medicinal herbs, chaga mushroom (Inonatus obliqurs), moringa (Moringa Oleifera), gravila (Anona muricata), mulberry (Morus alba), Dioscoreaceae (Dioscorea quinquelaba), Berberidaceae (Epimedii Herba), Asteraceae (Artemisia capillaries) and siberian ginseng (Acanthopanax senticous,). The functional healthy drinks, named C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7 were summered in Table 1. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was examined against Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and a fungus. The functional healthy drinks were broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity without antifungal activity against Candida albicans KCTC7965. In particularly, the C7 showed strong activity against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CCARM3089, CCARM 3115 and CCARM3561. And, the C7 showed 88% of free radical scavenging effect on 0.5 mg/ml using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Functional healthy drink C7 was mulberry extracts from Morus alba, chaga mushroom from Inonatus obliqurs and moringa from Moringa olifera in additionally coffee extracts. Its results confirm that the potential use of mulberry extracts as a good source of antibacterial compounds or as a health promoting food and health drinks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.1384-1390
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• 2011

Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Asteraceae) is a common traditional herbal medicine used for the treatment of inflammation, hypertension, and respiratory diseases due to its strong antagonistic function against inflammatory cytokines. In this study, the effects of Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (CIE) on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and the production of local factors in osteoblasts were investigated. CIE (100 ${\mu}g/mL$) significantly increased the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells and caused a significant elevation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the deposition of collagen and calcium in the cells (p<0.05). The effect of CIE in increasing cell growth, ALP activity, and collagen content was completely prevented by the presence of 1 ${\mu}M$ tamoxifen, suggesting that CIE's effect might be partly involved in estrogen-related activities. These results indicate that the enhancement of osteoblast functionality by CIE may prevent osteoporosis and inflammatory bone diseases.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2013

To select resistant vegetables against two species of root-knot nematodes, M. incognita and M. arenaria, 39 vegetables belongs to 7 families, 13 genera, 25 species were screened in greenhouse pot test. Susceptible vegetables to both nematodes were amarath and leaf beet in Amaranthaceae, Malabar spinach in Basellaceae, Moroheiya in Tiliaceae, and Water-convolvulus in Convolvulaceae, Pak-choi in Brassica campestris var. chinensis, Tah tasai in B. campestris var. narinosa, B. campestris var. chinensis x narinosa, Leaf mustard, Mustard green in B. juncea, Kyona in B. juncea var. laciniate, Choy sum in B. rapa subsp. arachinenesis, Kairan in B. oleracea var. alboglabra, Arugula in Eruca sativa, Garland chrysanthemum in Chrysanthemum coronarium, Endive in Cichorium endivia, Artichoke in Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Lettuce in Lactuca sativa. Resistant to M. arenaria but susceptible to M. incognita were B. oleracea cv. Matjjang kale, B. oleracea var. gongyloides cv. Jeok kohlrabi, and C. intybus cv. Radicchio. Resistant vegetables to both nematodes were C. intybus cv. Sugar loaf, Grumoro, Radichio treviso, B. oleracea cv. Manchu collard, Super matjjang, B. oleracea italica, B. oleracea var. botrytis italiana, and Perilla in Lamiaceae. Vegetables resistant to both species of root-knot nematodes could be used as high-valued rotation crops in greenhouses where root-knot nematodes are problem.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2019

Helianthus tuberosus is a perennial plant in the genus, Asteraceae. Pork potato has various pharmacological functions such as improving constipation, preventing bowel disease, inhibiting colon cancer, reducing serum cholesterol, lowering blood lipids, and enhancing blood sugar. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of fermented milk by adding Helianthus tuberosus powder. During the fermentation process, the pH of the fermented milk with added Helianthus tuberosus was higher after 16 hours of fermentation. At 48 hours of fermentation, the pH decreased to 3.70, 3.65, 3.63, and 3.59 with 0% (the control group), 1%, 3%, and 5% Helianthus tuberosus added, respectively. In the last 48 hours of fermentation, the acidity increased to 2.35%, 2.57%, and 3.17% with 0% (the control group), 1%, 3%, and 5% Helianthus tuberosus added, respectively. The number of lactic acid bacteria increased as the quantity of Helianthus tuberosus added increased. The highest number of lactic acid bacteria was 9.96 log CFU/g after 16 hours of fermentation with a 5% addition of Helianthus tuberosus . After 48 hours of fermentation, the amount of lactic acid bacteria decreased to 7.84 log CFU/g and 7.88 log CFU/g in the control group and the 1% added Helianthus tuberosus group, respectively. The addition of 3% and 5% Helianthus tuberosus increased the lactic acid bacteria count to 9.48 log CFU/ g and 9.81 log CFU/g, respectively. As the fermentation time increased, oxalic acid and tartaric acid decreased but lactic acid increased. Lactose degraded galactose and glucose over time. After 48 hours of fermentation, the viscosity in the control, 1%, 3%, 5% added Helianthus tuberosus groups increased to 1,006 cP, 1,026 cP, 1,040 cP, and 1,106 cP, respectively. The antioxidant effect was higher in the 5% added Helianthus tuberosus group (84.14%) than in the control group (80.39%) at 48 hours of fermentation. The concentration of polyphenol was 1.6 mg/g and antimicrobial activity was strong against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.40-49
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• 2012

The NE Asiatic Solidago virgaurea complex in Korea has been reported on 5 taxa (S. virgaurea subsp. asiatica, S. virgaurea var. taquetii, S. virgaurea var. coreana, S. virgaurea subsp. leiocarpa, and S. virgaurea subsp. gigantea). However, the broad morphological variations and a lack of diagnostic characteristics have made it difficult to distinguish these taxa and have thus resulted in a complicated taxonomy in the complex. Therefore, to clarify the classification and delimitation of each taxon, the morphological characteristics of the S. virgaurea complex were investigated by examining the original descriptions and type specimens. Field work was also conducted to investigate the morphological and geographic features. In conclusion, S. japonica Kitam., as a legitimate name, was distributed all over the country except for the Is. Ulleung-do in Korea, as distinguished from S. virgaurea L. Both S. virgaurea var. taquetii and S. virgaurea var. coreana were considered as synonyms of S. japonica, as their morphological characteristics were within the variation range of those of S. japonica. Furthermore, S. virgaurea subsp. leiocarpa does not occur in Korea. Additional investigations are required to clarify the classification of S. virgaurea subsp. gigantea, whose populations were not found during the investigation in this study. S. dahurica, meanwhile, was distributed in the northern part of North Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.24-39
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• 2012

The palynological study of 31 taxa of Korean Artemisia L. was carried out to evaluate their taxonomic characteristics and to determine the relationships among the taxa. The size and shape of the pollen are not used as characteristics to classify the taxa of Korean Artemisia L., but the granule distribution ands pinule connection on the exine were useful for an interspecific classification and for reflecting the relationship between some taxa. It is considered that Artemisia pollen has evolved from a connected spinule and a nearly psilate surface into 1) a connected spinule and a granule surface, 2) a disconnected spinule and a granule surface, 3) a disconnected spinule and a dense granule surface. These pollen characteristics with external morphological characteristics, a geographical distribution and a somatic chromosome number are considered to be good characteristics for distinguishing the relationship of some taxa, such as the A. japonica group (A. hallaisanensis, A. angustissima, A. littoricola) and the A. sacrorum group (A. sacrorum var. sacrorum, A. sacrorum var. incana, A. sacrorum var. iwayomogi).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2014

In this study, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured Raoulia australis using the bioreactor culture system was tested for use a natural cosmetic ingredient. Tissue-cultured R. australis shoot clumps extract was tested anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity for a cosmetic application. R. australis is a wild herbaceous plant of the asteraceae growing in New Zealand and Australia. Previous studies have reported anti-viral activity of the inhibitory effects for the growth of viruses induced meningitis, bronchitis and respiratory diseases but other biological effects are unknown. The shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis showed higher anti-oxidant effect and anti-inflammatory effect than the natural R. australis extract. In DPPH, NBT and ABTS assay, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis enhanced radical scavenging activity (up to 10~25% at $50{\mu}L/mL$) more than the natural R. australis extract. Also, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis inhibited expression of iNOS and COX-2 protein in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 macrophages more than the natural R. australis extract. From this study, the shoot clumps extract of tissue-cultured R. australis displayed strong possibility as a new natural cosmetic ingredient for skin-care products.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-203
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the flora of Jingangsan Mt. (Ganghwa-gun). The vascular plants identified during the 11 round field surveys were a to total of 560 taxa: 114 families, 336 genera, 495 species, 7 subspecies, 53 varieties, 4 forms and 1 hybrid. A high plant diversity were Poaceae (11.0%), Asteraceae (10.8%), Cyperaceae (8.8%), Rosaceae (4.6%) and Lamiaceae (4.3%) in regular order. The four taxa of Korean endemic plants such as Viola seoulensis Nakai, Salix koriyanagi Kimura ex Goerz, Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai and Polygonatum infundiflorum Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang were collected. The vascular plants on the red list according to IUCN evaluation basis were found to be four taxa: Near Threatened (NT) species of Delphinium maackianum Regel, and Not Evaluate (NE) species of Mosla japonica (Benth. ex Oliv.) Maxim., Carex paxii Kük. and Polygonatum infundiflorum Y. S. Kim, B. U. Oh & C. G. Jang. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 28 taxa comprising two taxa of degree IV, three taxa of degree III, eight taxa of degree II, and 15 taxa of degree I. In addition, the naturalized plants were identified as 44 taxa and the percentage of naturalized index (NI) was 7.9%, and Urbanization Index (UI) was 13.7%.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.202-225
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• 2017

Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) has gained a lot of significance over the years as a means of income generation. Forests are playing a vital role in the supply of these products, however, due to their continuous extraction, the population of many species might have depleted. Very little information is known about community structure and population status of NTFPs. No specific studies have been made to find out the occurrence, availability of species and population status in the forests, supplying the resources. The present study has been carried out in community forests of the naturally occurring NTFPs in the temperate forest of the Ziro valley of Arunachal Pradesh. The main aim is to determine community structure, species composition and population status of NTFPs. Three forest stands viz., Nyilii, Dura and Gyachi were selected which are used by the Apatani tribe for extraction of the NTFPs. For evaluation of species composition and community characteristics, the sampling of the vegetation was done using the quadrat method. A total 137 species representing 68 families and 116 genera were recorded. Herbs represent the maximum diversity with 71 species followed by 35 shrub species and 31 tree species. The families Asteraceae and Rosaceaeae exhibited maximum representation followed by Urticaceae. The species under Fagaceae, Lauraceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae were found to be important NTFP yielding species. Highest species richness was recorded in Nyilii having 124 species, while lowest in Dura with 102 species. Density of tree, shrub and herb ranged between 376 to $456\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$, 2848 to $3696\;individuals\;ha^{-1}$ and 31.44 to $36.64\;individuals\;m^{-2}$, respectively. The total basal area was found to be highest ($51.64m^2\;ha^{-1}$) in Dura followed by Nyilii ($25.32m^2\;ha^{-1}$) and lowest in Gyachi ($22.82m^2\;ha^{-1}$). In all the three study stands the species diversity indices showed the trend, herbs > shrubs > trees while the evenness index showed the trend as shrubs > herbs > trees. The overall species similarity index was highest (82.35%) between Dura and Gyachi. About 80% of the total recorded species showed clumped distribution while, no regular distribution was shown by any species. The three selected stands harbor about 50 important NTFP yielding species which are being used commonly by the Apatani people in their day to day life. Among the three study sites, overall diversity of NTFP was found highest in the Nyilii stand while the density of population was found better in Dura and Gyachi stands. The population of many species was found to be low due to continue harvesting without any sustainable management by the communities. All the selected forest stands have the potentiality to grow the high value NTFP yielding species and if managed properly, they can support the livelihood and economy of the local communities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.91-99
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• 2016

Aster yomena is a perennial plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. Seasoned wild vegetables are commonly used as functional ingredients because of their bioactive effects against oxidation, cancer, and inflammation. A recent report showed that ethanol extracts from Aster yomena effectively inhibited gene expression related to lipid accumulation within interstitial cells to prevent obesity, further raising awareness of its usefulness as a highly functional ingredient. Several studies have investigated Aster yomena, but none have investigated the effects of processing on its use. Therefore, this study investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of breads in which refined salt was replaced with Aster yomena powder at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0%. Bread containing any amount of Aster yomena powder did not differ significantly from the control in terms of appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. In addition, higher levels of added Aster yomena powder were associated with greater 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity indicating the potential for production of highly functional bread and noodle products using this material.