• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제29권7B호
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• pp.613-627
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• 2004

본 논문은 DiffServ 방식에서 Assured Service를 이용하는 각 사용자 플로간에 수율의 공평성을 향상시키기 위하여 도메인 입구 라우터에서 Aggregate Fairness Marker (AFM)를 제안한다. 각 사용자별 플로의 패킷 표기 방법은 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법인 user flow Three Color Marker (uf-TCM)에 따라서 각각 green 패킷과 yellow 패킷, 그리고 red 패킷으로 구분되어 나온다. yellow 패킷은 uf-TCM에서 손실된 토큰을 소비하는 패킷 및 AFM에서 집합 트래픽에 대한 계약률을 준수하지 못하여 demotion 된 green 패킷에 대한 표기 방법이다. 제안하는 AFM은 플로별 관리 없이 공평한 방법으로 yellow 패킷을 green 패킷으로 promotion 하거나 green 패킷을 yellow 패킷으로 demotion 하여 사용자별 수율의 공평성 및 링크 이용률을 향상시킨다. DiffServ 내부 라우터에서는 yellow 패킷과 red패킷의 패킷 폐기 우선순위를 동일하게 하여 RIO 버퍼 관리 방식을 사용할 수 있게 한다. 성능 평가는 제안하는 AFM과 플로별 관리 없이 수율 공평성 향상을 위해 제안되었던 REDP Marker를 비교하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과는 본 논문에서 제안하는 방식이 잉여 대역폭이 있는 경우와 최소대역폭이 있는 경우, 그리고 대역폭이 부족한 상황에서 각 사용자 플로간의 수율 공평성 및 링크 이용률 향상에 효과가 있음을 단일 도메인뿐만 아니라 다중 도메인 환경에서도 보인다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2003

This paper has addressed the implementation of the single rate Rate Adaptive Shaper(srRAS) described in RFC2963. This shaper has been proposed to use at the ingress of differentiated services networks providing Assured Forwarding Per Hop Behavior (AFPHB). srRAS is typically used in conjunction with single rate Three Color Marker(srTCM) described in RFC2697. srRAS itself is the tail-drop FIFO that is drained at a variable rate, and srTCM is the marker with metering function. G-srRAS is the same as srRAS except that RAS receives the green token state information from the downstream srTCM to avoid delaying a packet in RAS although there are sufficient tokens available to color the packet green. In this paper, we have addressed the algorithm and the architecture of srRAS, and the scheme to implement srRAS using VHDL(Very high-speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language) and its related tools.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.209-218
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• 2014

모바일 웹 서비스 사용자가 증가함에 따라 품질을 고려한 모바일 웹 서비스 선택이 중요한 이슈로 여겨지고 있다. 품질계약은 서비스 품질의 수준을 명세한 웹 서비스 제공자와 웹 서비스 사용자간의 협약으로 웹 서비스 사용자는 품질계약을 통해 명세한 서비스 품질의 수준을 보장받을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 품질을 고려하여 모바일 웹 서비스를 선택하기 위하여 중개자 기반의 프레임워크를 제안한다. 모바일 사용자들은 무선망에서 서비스 중개자를 통하여 웹 서비스를 요청할 수 있다. 서비스 중개자는 에이전트를 이용하여 웹 서비스 품질을 모니터링하며 서비스 품질계약에 위반사항이 발생하면 웹 서비스 제공자와 사용자에게 위반사항이 발생하였음을 통보함으로써 서비스 품질을 관리한다. 본 논문에서는 모니터링을 위하여 신뢰성, 응답시간, 그리고 가격 품질요소들을 사용하였으며 모바일 사용자들은 서비스 중개자를 통하여 품질 좋은 웹 서비스를 선택할 수 있다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.23-36
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• 2001

차별화 서비스(Differentiated Services) 망에서 실시간 멀티캐스트를 지원하기 위해서 EF(Expedite Forwarding) PHB(Per Hop Behavior)를 사용하여 전송한다면 EF PHB와 멀티캐스트 플로우의 특성 때문에 EF 멀티캐스트 플로우가 증가하게 될 경우 망의 관리나 자원 관리가 어렵다. 또한 LBE(Lower Than Best-effort) PHB를 이용한 멀티캐스트 전송은 전송지연을 보장할 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 AF(Assured Forwarding) PHB를 이용하여, 허용 가능한 홉 당 지연시간 이내에서 처리를 해줄 수 있는 저지연 멀티캐스트(Low-delay Multicast)라는 새로운 PHB를 제안하고, 이를 위한 차별화 서비스 망에서의 핵심요소인 첫 흘 라우터. 내부 라우터. 경계 라우터들의 큐 구조를 설계하고 각 라우터들에서의 큐 관리 및 스케줄링 기법을 설계한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.691-708
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• 2010

An important issue of supporting multi-users with diverse quality-of-service (QoS) requirements over wireless networks is how to optimize the systematic scheduling by intelligently utilizing the available network resource while, at the same time, to meet each communication service QoS requirement. In this work, we study the problem of a variety of communication services over multi-media heterogeneous cognitive OFDM system. We first divide the communication services into two parts. Multimedia applications such as broadband voice transmission and real-time video streaming are very delay-sensitive (DS) and need guaranteed throughput. On the other side, services like file transmission and email service are relatively delay tolerant (DT) so varying-rate transmission is acceptable. Then, we formulate the scheduling as a convex optimization problem, and propose low complexity distributed solutions by jointly considering channel assignment, bit allocation, and power allocation. Unlike prior works that do not care computational complexity. Furthermore, we propose the FAASA (Fairness Assured Adaptive Sub-carrier Allocation) algorithm for both DS and DT users, which is a dynamic sub-carrier allocation algorithm in order to maximize throughput while taking into account fairness. We provide extensive simulation results which demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권12B호
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• pp.2109-2119
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• 2000

In this paper, the Packet CDMA Reservation ALOHA protocol is proposed to support the multi-traffic services such as voice and videophone services with handoff calls, high-rate data and low-rate data services efficiently on the multi-rate transmission in uplink cellular systems. The frame structure, composed of the access slot and the transmission slot, and the proposed access permission probability based on the estimated number of contending users for each service are presented to reduce MAI. The assured priority to the voice and the videophone handoff calls is given through higher access permission probability. And through the proposed code assignment scheme, the voice service can be provided without the voice packet dropping probability in the CDMA/PRMA protocols. The code reservation is allowed to the voice and the videophone services. The low-rate data service uses the available codes during the silent periods of voice calls and the remaining codes in the codes assigned to the voice service to utilize codes efficiently. The high-rate data service uses the assigned codes to the high-rate data service and the remaining codes in the codes assigned to the videophone service. Using the Markov-chain subsystem model for each service including the handoff calls in uplink cellular systems, the steady-state performances are simulated and analyzed. After a round of tests for the examples, through the proposed code assignment scheme and the access permission probability, the Packet CDMA Reservation ALOHA protocol can guarantee the priority and the constant QoS for the handoff calls even at large number of contending users. Also, the data services are integrated efficiently on the multi-rate transmission.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.843-871
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• 2015

Cloud computing evolve as a cost effective business model for IT companies to focus on their core business without perturbing on infrastructure related issues. Hence, major IT firms and Small & Medium Enterprises (SME) are adopting cloud services on rental basis from cloud providers. Cloud Service level agreements (SLA) act as a key liaison between consumers and providers on renting Anything as a Service (AaaS). Design of such an agreement must aim for greater profit to providers as well as assured availability of services to consumers. However in reality, cloud SLA is not satisfying the parties involved because of its inherent complex nature and issues. Also currently most of the agreements are unilateral to favour the provider. This study focuses on comprehensive, 360-degree survey on different aspects of the cloud service agreements. We detailed the life cycle of SLA based on negotiation, different types of SLA, current standards, languages & characteristics, metrics and issues involved in it. This study will help the cloud actors to understand and evaluate the agreements and to make firm decision on negotiation. The need for standardized, bilateral, semantic SLA has also been proposed.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

According to rapid development of technology, web text is growing explosively and attracting many fields as substitution for survey. The user of Facebook is reaching up to 113 million people per month, Twitter is used in various institution or company as a behavioral analysis tool. However, many research has focused on meaning of the text itself. And there is a lack of study for text's creation subject. Therefore, this research consists of sex/age text classification with by using 20,187 Facebook users' posts that reveal the sex and age of the writer. This research utilized Convolution Neural Networks, a type of deep learning algorithms which came into the spotlight as a recent image classifier in web text analyzing. The following result assured with 92% of accuracy for possibility as a text classifier. Also, this research was minimizing the Korean morpheme analysis and it was conducted using a Korean web text to Authorship Attribution. Based on these feature, this study can develop users' multiple capacity such as web text management information resource for worker, non-grammatical analyzing system for researchers. Thus, this study proposes a new method for web text analysis.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2006

In general, the distribution structure of marine products is very vulnerable to the uncertainties in the process from the production to the sale, and a lot of difficulty is thus inevitable in the supply control. Such a distribution structure is a very critical issue in securing the suability of marine products through systematic quality and hygiene control of marine products, and it is thus time to discuss the method to innovate and restructuring the distribution structure of marine products. From this point of view, this study approached the flow from production to consumption in view of SCM(supply chain management) beyond the partial discussion conducted so far for the distribution structure in the field of marine products. Further, this study suggested the establishment of electronic commerce systems with a traceability system built in RFID for marine products as an alternative of redesigning distribution infrastructure in the ubiquitous environment. From the results, we assured that such an electronic commerce system would be a new measure to improve the structure currently causing inefficiency and excessive distribution cost for the distribution structure of marine products.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.338-350
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• 2008

The differentiated services (DiffServ) is proposed to provide packet level service differentiations in a scalable manner. To provide an end-to-end service differentiation to users having a connection over multiple domains, as well as a flow marker, an intermediate marker is necessary at the edge routers, and it should not be operated at a flow level due to a scalability problem. Due to this operation requirement, the intermediate marker has a fairness problem among the transmission control protocol (TCP) flows since TCP flows have intrinsically unfair throughputs due to the TCP's congestion control algorithm. Moreover, it is very difficult to resolve this problem without individual flow state information such as round trip time (RTT) and sending rate of each flow. In this paper, to resolve this TCP fairness problem of an intermediate marker, we propose a fair scalable marker (FSM) as an intermediate marker which works with a source flow three color marker (sf-TCM) operating as a host source marker. The proposed fair scalable marker improves the fairness among the TCP flows with different RTTs without per-flow management. Through the simulations, we show that the FSM can improve TCP fairness as well as link utilization in multiple domain DiffServ networks.