• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2021

Background: Benzalkonium chloride (BKC) has been extensively used as a preservative in industrial products and in hygiene, medical, and cosmetic applications. Humidifier disinfectant (HD) products containing BKC have been used in South Korea. Objectives: This study was aimed to review types of products containing BKC, to summarize the regulations in the US, EU, Japan, and South Korea, and to review the health effects associated with the use of HD. Methods: We reviewed and summarized documents which were searched through PubMed and Google Scholar with the key words: BKC and asthma/contact dermatitis, humidifier disinfectant-associated lung injury (HDLI), and more. Results: Regulations in most countries including South Korea do not allow its use as disinfectants in spray-type of products for medicine, cosmetics, and household products. Two types of HD containing BKC (800~1,270 ppm) were marketed in South Korea from 1996~2003. Health effects reported from people who used products containing BKC were allergic contact dermatitis, erythema, and respiratory disease, including asthma. Two people who responded as HD users containing BKC only were confirmed to have developed asthma. HD-associated lung injury (HDLI) was reported by consumers who used both HD containing polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) and HD containing BKC. Conclusions: In conclusion, the use of BKC as a biocide has to be controlled considering the route and pattern of exposure. Products containing BKC as preservatives were reviewed with exposure routes and sites in the human body such as skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. HD containing BKC was clinically evaluated to be associated with asthma.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.131-133
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• 2004

MediScore is an information retrieval system, which helps to search for the set of genes associated with a specific disease or the set of diseases associated with a specific gene. Despite recent improvement of natural language processing (NLP) and other text mining approaches to search for disease associated genes, many false positive results come out due to diversity of exceptional cases as well as ambiguities in gene names. In order to overcome the weak points of current text mining approaches, MediScore introduces statistical normalization based on binomial to normal distribution approximation which corrects inaccurate scores caused by common words not representing genes and interactive rescoring by the user to remove the false positive results. Interactive rescoring includes individual alias scoring for each gene to remove false gene synonyms, referring MEDLINE abstracts, and cross referencing between OMIM and other related information.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2020

본 연구는 Hong(2019)의 연구에서 도출된 한국 노인의 성공적인 노후에 영향을 주는 예측 키워드 32개를 중심으로 데이터마이닝의 Apriori 알고리즘을 활용하여 연관관계 규칙을 분석하였다. 그리고 한국 노인의 성공적 노후에 영향을 주는 예측변수들의 규칙 및 패턴을 파악하기 위한 지표로 지지도, 신뢰도, 향상도를 활용하였다. 본 연구의 분석은 R version 3. 5. 1 프로그램으로 분석을 실시하였으며, arulesViz 패기지와 visNetwork 패키지로 시각화하였다. 연구결과 한국 노인들의 성공적인 노후와 연관성이 높은 예측변수는 '취미', '봉사', '준비', '운동'으로 나타났다. 그리고 한국 노인의 성공적 노후를 고려할 때 가장 우선적으로 고려해야 할 변수는 '취미' 이며 그 다음 '봉사', 준비', 운동'의 순으로 고려해야 한다는 결과를 얻었다.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.238-246
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• 2011

This paper proposes a new semantic representation and its associated similarity measure. The representation expresses textual context observed in a context of a certain term as a network where nodes are terms and edges are the number of cooccurrences between connected terms. To compare terms represented in networks, a graph kernel is adopted as a similarity measure. The proposed representation has two notable merits compared with previous semantic representations. First, it can process polysemous words in a better way than a vector representation. A network of a polysemous term is regarded as a combination of sub-networks that represent senses and the appropriate sub-network is identified by context before compared by the kernel. Second, the representation permits not only words but also senses or contexts to be represented directly from corresponding set of terms. The validity of the representation and its similarity measure is evaluated with two tasks: synonym test and unsupervised word sense disambiguation. The method performed well and could compete with the state-of-the-art unsupervised methods.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제19B권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2012

잠정적 적합성 피드백모델은 초기 검색 결과의 상위에 순위화된 문서를 적합 문서라 가정하고, 상위문서에서 빈도가 높은 어휘를 확장 질의로 선택한다. 빈도수를 이용한 질의 확장 방법의 단점은 문서 안에서 포함된 어휘들 사이의 근접도에 상관없이 각 어휘를 독립적으로 생각한다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 어휘빈도를 이용한 질의 확장을 대체할 수 있는 어휘 근접도를 반영한 단어 그래프 기반 질의 확장을 제안한다. 질의 어휘 주변에 발생한 어휘들을 노드로 표현하고, 어휘들 사이의 근접도를 에지의 가중치로 하여 단어 그래프를 표현한다. 반복된 연산을 통해 확장 질의를 선택함으로써 성능을 향상시키는 기법을 제안한다. 유효성 검증을 위해 웹문서 집합인 TREC WT10g 테스트 컬렉션에 대한 실험에서 언어모델 보다 MAP 평가 기준에서 6.4% 향상됨을 보였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5530-5546
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• 2016

Automatic analysis and understanding of human activities is a challenging task in computer vision, especially for the surveillance scenarios which typically contains crowds, complex motions and occlusions. To address these issues, a Bag-of-words representation of videos is developed by leveraging information including crowd positions, motion directions and velocities. We infer the crowd activity in a motion field using Category Constrained Correlated Topic Model (CC-CTM) with latent topics. We represent each video by a mixture of learned motion patterns, and predict the associated activity by training a SVM classifier. The experiment dataset we constructed are from Crowd_PETS09 bench dataset and UCF_Crowds dataset, including 2000 documents. Experimental results demonstrate that accuracy reaches 90%, and the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-arts by a large margin.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

This paper investigates phrase positional effects on the timing of F0 (pitch) peaks in Tokyo Japanese disyllabic words with varying accent type (HL or LH) and phrase position (final or non final). The F0 peak timing was normalized by the total word duration ('normalized H timing'). The normalized H timing was significantly affected by accent type and phrase position. The H timing was later in the LH accent type than in the HL accent type, and in non final positions than in final positions. In addition, to examine the validity of the quantitative results, different models of phrase position effects were compared by measuring H timing in two approaches: normalization versus relative distance measures. For the normalization measures, the H timing was measured as the time of the F0 peak divided by the total word duration or by the duration of the tone bearing syllable. For the relative distance measures, the H timing was measured as the distance in milliseconds from the end of the word or from the end of the associated syllable. The best model was the normalization by the total word duration, rather than by the duration of the tone bearing syllable. This means that phrase positional effects on the timing of F0 peaks in Japanese disyllabic words are best modeled in terms of proportion of the total word duration.

• 음성과학
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• 제1권
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• pp.7-26
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• 1997

An electromyographic device was used to investigate the relationship between a linguistic hypothesis of tense-lax distinction and muscular activity. Muscle action potentials of the orbicularis oris muscle and the depressor anguli oris muscle were obtained from four subjects using CVCVCV and CVCVC words in English and VCV and CVC words in Korean. Findings: The hypothesis that the speaker may select at least one of muscles involved in the articulation of a phoneme so that the selected muscle could be activated for tense-lax distinction, and either a timing variable or an amplitude variablethe and/or both from the selected muscle distinguish(es) /p/ from /b/ in English and /$p^{h},\;p^{l}$/ from /p/ in Korean, with the English /p/ and the Korean /$p^{h},\;p^{l}$/ being tense, and the Korean unaspirated /p/ and the English /b/ lax, has been verified, except for the case with subject 2 in stressed syllables in English. (2) Thus, the linguistic hypothesis of tense-lax distinction was strongly supported by the muscular activities during the Korean bilabial stops, with /$p^{h}\;and\;p^{l}$/ being tense and /p/ lax. (3) Considering the intermuscle compensation and the interspeaker variabilities in the choice of a muscle or muscles, in English the usability of the feature 'tensity' appeared to be positive rather than negative although further investigations with more subjects remain to take on the muscles associated with the onset/offset of the labial closure, including the respiratory muscles related with the aspiration. The phoneme-sensitive EMG manifestations of stress and possible reasons for the interspeaker variabilities are discussed.

• 아시아태평양코퍼스연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.17-33
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• 2022

While the term is nothing new, 'cybersecurity' still seems to be defined quite loosely and subjectively depending on context. This is problematic especially to legal writers for prosecuting cybercrimes that do not fit a particular clause/act. In fact, what is more difficult is the non-existent single 'cybersecurity law' in Malaysia, rather than the current implementation of 10-related cyber security acts. In this paper, the 10 acts are compiled into a corpus to analyse the language used in these acts via a corpus linguistics approach. A list of frequent words is firstly investigated to see whether the so-called related laws do talk about cybersecurity followed by close inspection of the concordance lines and habitually associated phrases (clusters) to explore use of these words in context. The 'compare 2 wordlist' feature is used to identify similarities or differences between the 10 Malaysian cybersecurity related laws against a corpus of cyber laws from other ASEAN countries. Findings revealed that ASEAN cyber laws refer mostly to three cybersecurity dominant themes identified in the literature: technological solutions, events, and strategies, processes, and methods, whereas Malaysian cybersecurity-related laws revolved around themes like human engagement, and referent objects (of security). Although these so-called cyber related policies and laws in Malaysia are highlighted in the National Cyber Security Agency (NACSA), their practical applications to combat cybercrimes remain uncertain.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2015

목적: 대구지역 안경원 브랜드를 중심으로 안경원 브랜드 네임의 유형 연구를 통해 새로운 브랜드 네이밍에 필요한 객관적인 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 방법: 브랜드 네임의 개념과 기능 등의 브랜드 네임 특성들을 살펴보고 대구지역의 안경원 브랜드에 대한 한글과 영어, 국 영문 혼합, 음절 그리고 서술적, 암시적, 조어적 브랜드 네임의 유형과 대안의 창출 제시, 많이 사용된 키워드 분석 등으로 브랜드 네임 유형을 분석하였다. 결과: 한글의 자음에는 'o'이 가장 많았고 다음으로 'ㅅ' 이었다. 한글과 영어, 조합 등에서는 브랜드 네임의 57.1%의 과반수가 한글을 사용하는 것으로 나타났고 영어를 사용한 브랜드 네임도 약 32.7%가 되었다. 음절 수는 3음절이 30.4%로 많았지만 2, 4음절도 비슷한 빈도수로 각 29.7%와 25.0%를 차지하였다. 암시적, 서술적 유형이 51개, 40개로 각 17.0%와 13.3%로 나타났으며 대안의 창출에 따른 유형에서는 단어를 조합한 유형이 가장 많았고 상징물 사용이 뒤를 이었다. 기타 유형에서는 타 업종의 이름과 안경원이 소재하고 있는 지역명을 사용하고 있는 브랜드 네임이 많았다. 마지막으로 안경원 브랜드 네임에 사용된 키워드로는 '아이(eye)'가 45회로 빈도수가 가장 많았고 '당'과 '안경'이라는 키워드 순으로 사용된 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 창업을 위해 상호를 만들고 알리는데 그치는 단순한 이름이 아니라 들어서 기억하고 부르기 쉬우며 의미가 있는 브랜드 네임, 안경원에 대한 바람직한 연상과 독특하고 호감을 주는 창의적인 브랜드 네임이 되어야 한다.