• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.861-880
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• 2023

Semantic segmentation of road scene is the key technology of autonomous driving, and the improvement of convolutional neural network architecture promotes the improvement of model segmentation performance. The existing convolutional neural network has the simplification of learning knowledge and the complexity of the model. To address this issue, we proposed a road scene semantic segmentation algorithm based on multi-task collaborative learning. Firstly, a depthwise separable convolution atrous spatial pyramid pooling is proposed to reduce model complexity. Secondly, a collaborative learning framework is proposed involved with saliency detection, and the joint loss function is defined using homoscedastic uncertainty to meet the new learning model. Experiments are conducted on the road and nature scenes datasets. The proposed method achieves 70.94% and 64.90% mIoU on Cityscapes and PASCAL VOC 2012 datasets, respectively. Qualitatively, Compared to methods with excellent performance, the method proposed in this paper has significant advantages in the segmentation of fine targets and boundaries.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2010

Purpose: Most stomach surgeons have been educated sufficiently in conventional open distal gastrectomy (ODG) but insufficiently in laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG). We compared learning curves and clinical outcomes between ODG and LADG by a single surgeon who had sufficient education of ODG and insufficient education of LADG. Materials and Methods: ODG (90 patients, January through September, 2004) and LADG groups (90 patients, June 2006 to June 2007) were compared. The learning curve was assessed with the mean number of retrieved lymph nodes, operation time, and postoperative morbidity/mortality. Results: Mean operation time was 168.3 minutes for ODG and 183.6 minutes for LADG. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was 37.9. Up to about the 20th to 25th cases, the slope decrease in the learning curve for LADG was more apparent than for ODG, although they both reached plateaus after the 50th cases. The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes reached the overall mean after the 30th and 40th cases for ODG and LADG, respectively. For ODG, complications were evenly distributed throughout the subgroups, whereas for LADG, complications occurred in 10 (33.3%) of the first 30 cases. Conclusions: Compared with conventional ODG, LADG is feasible, in particular for a surgeon who has had much experience with conventional ODG, although LADG required more operative time, slightly more time to get adequately retrieved lymph nodes and more complications. However, there were more minor problems in the first 30 LADG than ODG cases. The unfavorable results for LADG can be overcome easily through an adequate training program for LADG.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.1055-1065
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to develop, through the integration of instructional theory, a Courseware and to investigate the effectiveness of a web-based computer assisted instruction(WBI) program for preventing drug abuse, a serious problem for youth problem. During the first stage of this study done "Drug Abuse Prevention" Courseware was developed based on, Gagn & Brigg's instructional design theory, Keller's ARCS theory and the CAI model of Hannafin & Peck. For the second stage, the courseware was used to provide education for students adolescents in drug abuse prevention. This study used an quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design with a convenience sample of 36 male high school students who were at one high school located in Seoul. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires which included a learning achievement tool, the Keller's IMMS (Instructional Material Motivation Survey), on attitudes to drug use, and on responses to the WBI instruction. Prior to the experiment, the "drug abuse prevention" learning method and the procedures of the study were explained to the students, and then the learning achievement of the subjects was measured as a pretest. The students were then given 2 weeks WBI utilizing the courseware. A post-test which included the pre-test learning achievement questionnaire and a survey of learning motivation and attitudes toward drug were given two weeks after the education was completed. The data analysis was done using SPSS/PC. Paired t-test was used to analyze the differences between the pre-test and post-test scores for learning achievement. The results of the analysis are as follows: There were significant differences in learning achievement between the pre-test and post-test(t=-18.62, p=0.000). The hypothesis, that learning achievement will be higher, after the class has used the courseware, than before was supported. The scores for learning motivation and attitudes toward drugs were also higher than the results of existing studies. In conclusion, this study suggests that WBI is an effective learning method in the prevention of drug abuse for adolescents as it can be used for self-learning and repeated learning as assisted instruction. Recommendation would be given that further research needs to be develped in the courseware by cognitive learning style and by multimedia courseware and virtual reality system.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.187-210
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• 2006

This study aims to investigate the effects of the implementation of self-directed learning through the homepage between the teacher and the students for English reading classes. The study focuses on the questions of whether the self-directed learning through the homepage, compared to the teacher-centered learning, would enable a significantly positive change in the students' achievements and of what their responses to this new learning method are. 72 students were grouped into an experimental and a control group, and then each group was subdivided into three levels (high, medium, low) of proficiency. Findings demonstrate that the experimental group showed statistically more significant increases in their scores of reading proficiency test than the control group. For the question of students' responses to the learning experience, the three groups within the experimental group responded to a questionnaire survey with regard to the positive attitude of learning, the effectiveness of self-directed learning and its learning materials, and usability of the homepage. In general, the experimental group considered the experience satisfactory, although the degree of positive responses varied according to the proficiency level of the group. This suggests the importance and effectiveness of self-directed learning using the computer and internet as a supplementary learning tool.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.521-538
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• 2006

본 연구는 중학교 2학년 기하증명에서 증명보조카드를 제시하는 증명지도방법을 통해 학생들의 기하증명 능력과 기하증명에 대한 수학적 태도 변화를 조사한 것이다. 대구광역시 D중학교 2학년 학생들을 대상으로 5차시 동안 증명보조카드를 이용한 수업 후 수준별 학생 7명을 선정하여 이 학생들이 작성한 학습지와 증명보조카드를 사용하기 전과 후의 변화를 중점으로 인터뷰를 하였다. 이렇게 수진된 자료의 분석에 의한 본 연구의 결론은 증명보조카드를 이용한 증명활동을 통해 학생들의 기하증명에 대한 능력 변화가 있었으며, 증명보조카드를 이용한 증명활동을 통해 기하증명에 대한 수학적 태도의 변화가 있었다.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2000

Recently, Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) received widely held attention from diverse audiences. However, to the author's knowledge, relatively little attention was paid to the educational implications of voice recognition (VR) softwares in language teaching in general, and teaching and learning pronunciation in particular. This study explores, and extends the applicability of VR softwares toward second language research areas addressing how VR softwares might facilitate interview data entering processes. To aid the readers' understanding in this field, the background of classroom interaction research, and the rationale of why interview data, therefore the role of VR softwares, becomes critical in this realm of inquiry will be discussed. VR softwares' development and a brief report on the features of up-to-date VR softwares will be sketched. Finally, suggestions for future studies investigating the impact of VR softwares on second language learning, teaching, and research will be offered.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2006

The Internet is now of the fastest growing areas of telecommunications and of Computer Assisted Language Learning. It is rapidly becoming more integrated into society and accessible to people form around the world. A number of educators believe there is potential for language teaching and learning opportunities through the Internet, and have already developed uses and resources for this purpose. The range of what is available is growing continually. The purpose of this study is to research CMC via the Internet and other long-distance networks, to investigate the analyse best and worst things about studying English on the internet and to suggest some findings from the comparison between internet and classroom learning by means of questionnaire.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.387-401
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• 2020

Radiomics and deep learning have recently gained attention in the imaging assessment of various liver diseases. Recent research has demonstrated the potential utility of radiomics and deep learning in staging liver fibroses, detecting portal hypertension, characterizing focal hepatic lesions, prognosticating malignant hepatic tumors, and segmenting the liver and liver tumors. In this review, we outline the basic technical aspects of radiomics and deep learning and summarize recent investigations of the application of these techniques in liver disease.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.403-416
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• 2019

본 연구는 성별의 차이가 테크놀로지를 이용한 영어 학습에 미치는 영향을 조사한 것으로, 2017년 국내 한 대학에서 영어 수업을 수강하고 있는 204명의 대학생을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 본 연구를 위해 모든 참가자들은 일주일에 3시간씩 테크놀로지를 이용한 영어 수업에 참여하였다. 강의 요강, 강의 노트 등의 학습 자료는 모두 학교 웹 사이트에 업로드 되었으며, 과제, 퀴즈 및 시험 역시 모두 웹 사이트를 통해 진행되었다. 남녀 성별에 따라 테크놀로지를 이용한 영어 학습에 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 수업 전후 사전 사후 영어 말하기 시험을 실시하였고, 이후 인터뷰 역시 진행하였다. 양적 데이터 분석은 대응표본 t검정 및 독립표본 t검정을 통해 이루어졌고, 질적 데이터 분석은 내용 분석을 토대로 하였다. 주 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 테크놀로지를 이용한 영어 학습을 통해 남학생과 여학생의 영어 말하기 실력은 모두 유의미하게 향상하였다. 하지만 남학생과 여학생 사이의 성별 차이는 유의미하지 않는 것으로 드러나, 테크놀로지를 이용한 영어 학습이 남학생과 여학생 모두에게 똑같이 효과적이라는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 인터뷰 결과, 테크놀로지를 이용한 영어 학습에 대한 반응 역시 남학생과 여학생 모두에게서 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 국내에서 영어를 가르치고 있는 교사들에게 테크놀로지를 이용한 영어 학습에 대한 실천적 함의를 제공한다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.733-744
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• 2019

Wind speed forecasting is critical for a variety of engineering tasks, such as wind energy harvesting, scheduling of a wind power system, and dynamic control of structures (e.g., wind turbine, bridge, and building). Wind speed, which has characteristics of random, nonlinear and uncertainty, is difficult to forecast. Nowadays, machine learning approaches (generalized regression neural network (GRNN), back propagation neural network (BPNN), and extreme learning machine (ELM)) are widely used for wind speed forecasting. In this study, two schemes are proposed to improve the forecasting performance of machine learning approaches. One is that optimization algorithms, i.e., cross validation (CV), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), are used to automatically find the optimal model parameters. The other is that the combination of different machine learning methods is proposed by finite mixture (FM) method. Specifically, CV-GRNN, GA-BPNN, PSO-ELM belong to optimization algorithm-assisted machine learning approaches, and FM is a hybrid machine learning approach consisting of GRNN, BPNN, and ELM. The effectiveness of these machine learning methods in wind speed forecasting are fully investigated by one-year field monitoring data, and their performance is comprehensively compared.