• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore characteristics of and risk factors for accidental inpatient falls. Methods: Participants were classified as fallers or non-fallers based on the fall history of inpatients in a tertiary hospital in Seoul between June 2014 and May 2015. Data on falls were obtained from the fall report forms and data on risk factors were obtained from the electronic nursing records. Characteristics of fallers and non-fallers were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Risk factors for falls were identified using univariate analyses and logistic regression analysis. Results: Average length of stay prior to the fall was 21.52 days and average age of fallers was 61.37 years. Most falls occurred during the night shifts and in the bedroom and were due to sudden leg weakness during ambulation. It was found that gender, BMI, physical problems such elimination, gait, vision and hearing and medications such as sleeping pills, antiarrhythmics, vasodilators, and muscle relaxant were statistically significant factors affecting falls. Conclusion: The findings show that there are significant risk factors such as BMI and history of surgery which are not part of fall assessment tools. There are also items on fall assessment tools which are not found to be significant such as mental status, emotional unstability, dizziness, and impairment of urination. Therefore, these various risk factors should be examined in the fall risk assessments and these risk factors should be considered in the development of fall assessment tools.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to diagnose the current states and the problems of student assessment of Elementary School Mathematics. For that purpose, this study conducted a survey and had the individual interviews. The surrey items consisted of the six main parts: questions about the development of assessment tools, the method to assess, the grading, the special supplementary courses, the opening of learning effect, and the follow-up guidances. The results of this study are as the follow First, elementary teachers depended heavily on internet sites for developing assessment problems. Second, elementary teachers made use of a performance assessment, a unit assessment, and a term examination at ordinary times. Third, unit assessment was largely referred for grading by elementary teachers. Fourth, in selecting the students for the special supplementary courses, both criterion-referenced assessment and norm-referenced assessment were considered. After finishing the special supplementary courses, additional tests were usually taken. Fifth, elementary teachers took a negative attitude in opening of learning effect. specialty opening of test paper to parents of students was done under 30%. Sixth, fellow-up guidances were the most through the classroom guidances. but consulting with parents of students was not frequently conducted by teachers.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2022

Evaluation as learning is important for the learner competency test, and the applicable method is studied. Assessment is the role of diagnosing the current learner's status and facilitating learning through appropriate feedback. The system is insufficient to enable process-oriented evaluation in small educational institute. Focusing on becoming familiar with the AI through experience can end up simply learning how to use the tools or just playing with them rather than achieving ultimate goals of AI education. In a previous study, the experience way of AI education with PLAY model was proposed, but the assessment stage is insufficient. In this paper, we propose ELAS (Experiential K-12 AI education Learning Assessment System) for small educational institute. In order to apply the Assessment factor in in this system, the AI-factor is selected by researching the goals of the current SW education and AI education. The proposed system consists of 4 modules as Assessment-factor agent, Self-assessment agent, Question-bank agent and Assessment -analysis agent. Self-assessment learning is a powerful mechanism for improving learning for students. ELAS is extended with the experiential way of AI education model of previous study, and the teacher designs the assessment through the ELAS system. ELAS enables teachers of small institutes to automate analysis and manage data accumulation following their learning purpose. With this, it is possible to adjust the learning difficulty in curriculum design to make better for your purpose.

• 모자간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Presently there is an increasing demand for home health care services due to changes in the demographic structure as a result of an increasing elderly population, socio-economic improvements, and changes in the family structure, as well as the growing number of people with degenerative diseases. In addition to these reasons, rising medical costs and there a shortage of patient beds space in the hospital, particularly since introduction of national medical insurance. There has been an increasing demand for health care health care services. This study was done to identify the basic data for home health care management. It focused on developing client selection criteria, assessment tools, and recording methods. This was accomplished by the researchers visiting the patients in their homes. The research process included preparation investigation, tool development, training of the project researcher, and visiting the clients in their homes. The research tools are as follows : 1. Record development : a) The selection criteria tool for home health care of postpartum women was a structured tool and consisted of four parts. b) The structured assessment tool consisted of a general items, obstetric history, past medical history, methods of feeding, medications taken before admission, laboratory test results, discharge instructions, discharge medications, family tree, economic status, environmental status, a map, health assessment of postpartum women and their newborns. c) The visit note I consisted of the frequency of visits. Visit note II consisted of the date ; nursing problems ; nursing process including the initial assessment ; nursing goal ; visit plan ; postpartum women and their neonate health status, diagnosis, goal, implementation, evaluation, summary, next plan, for visit revision. d) Problem note consisted of the date, problem numbers, nursing diagnosis, problem appearance date problem resolution date. The research results are as follows : 1. Nursing problems : The nursing problems of the postpartum women and their neonates were evaluated by the number of nursing diagnoses and the change in the pattern of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. a) Nursing diagnosis The nursing diagnosis was classified according to physical function, psychosocial function, family system maintained function. b) The changes of nursing diagnosis related to the number of visits. As the type of nursing diagnosis changed related to the number of visits the number of nursing diagnoses decreased. 2. Contents of home health care : The content was categorized according to assessment, direct care, counseling, education, family care, reporting to with the attending doctor. The recommendations based on the research results are as follows : 1. Tool development Replication of this study is needed to test the validity of the assessment tools used. 2. Home visit a) Home health care nurses should be licensed and qualified. A referral form from the attending doctor is needed for legal protection of nurses. b) The first home visit need to be within 24 hours of discharge from the hospital to decrease the anxiety of frightened postpartum women. c) When the changes occur in the newborn's status, home health care nurses should consult a pediatrician. Communication within the home healthcare team is essential and needs to consistent and done smoothly. 3. Home health care A Study is required to develop protocols for education of staff and for operation of all aspects of this program.

• 영재교육연구
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.677-697
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 창의적 산출물 평가의 대표적 도구인 O'Quin과 Besemer(1989)의 '창의적 산출물 분석행렬(CPAM)'과 '창의적 산출물 어의 척도(CPSS)'의 두 가지의 산출물 평정 척도를 적용하여 동일한 산출물을 평가하는 데 있어 평가 결과의 차이를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 창의적 산출물 평가에서 평가자의 암묵적 지식은 존재하며, 암묵적 지식과 명시적 지식에 기반한 평가의 평정결과는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 평가자에게 명시적 지식이 쌓여 갈수록 산출물에 대한 전반적인 평가 점수는 낮게 나타나 더 엄격해지는 경향을 보였다. 상대적으로 세분화된 채점기준을 가진 CPSS로 평정하였을 때는 창의성의 하위 차원에서 점수가 모두 낮게 나타났으며, 평가자가 산출물에 대한 첫인상이나 개인적 평가 기준이 너무 확고한 경우에는 평정도구에 영향을 받지 않을 수도 있다는 것을 살펴볼 수 있었다. 영재교육 담당교사들은 창의적 산출물 평가에서 전문가들과 유사한 평가를 하고 있었으며 산출물 평가 도구를 사전에 충분히 숙지하고 산출물을 지도하거나 평가한다면 보다 새롭고, 유용하고 적절하며, 해결성이 높은 창의적인 산출물이 생성 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2016

목적 : 본 연구는 양측상지기능 평가도구의 체계적 고찰을 통해, 대상자, 평가방법, 신뢰도, 타당도, 민감도 등을 분석하여 임상 및 연구에서의 자료로 활용하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 2014년 12월 한달 동안 PubMed 데이터베이스에서 'upper extremity'와 'motor actiity' 'activities of daily living'와 'assessment instrument' 'disability evaluations'의 키워드로 검색하여, 최종적으로 68개의 연구에서 44개의 상지기능 평가도구를 추출하였다. 추출된 평가도구에서 양측상지기능 평가도구의 비율, 대상자, 측정방법, 신뢰도, 타당도, 민감도를 비교분석하였다. 결과 : 상지기능 평가도구 중 양측상지기능 평가도구는 2개로 가장 적었다. 모두 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 환자의 양측 상지수행을 통해 환측의 기능을 측정하는 평가도구였다. 평가도구의 신뢰도, 타당도, 민감도는 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 양측상지기능 평가도구의 개발 및 연구가 필요하며, 이를 통해 양측상지기능 치료 효과를 보기 위한 평가도구로 활용될 수 있기를 기대해 본다.

• 정보관리학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.229-248
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• 2014

대학도서관은 급변하는 정보통신기술과 대학환경에 대응하기 위해 그동안 도서관의 신축 및 리노베이션을 통한 공간구성의 변화를 시도해왔다. 이러한 변화는 대학도서관의 전통적 기능인 자료 보존 및 제공 그리고 대학교 구성원의 학습에 필요한 공간과 서비스를 제공하는 지원자(supporter)의 기능을 넘어서, 공간구성의 변화를 통해 학습과 연구를 지속할 수 있게 하는 조력자(facilitator)의 기능으로의 전환에 대한 필요성이 반영된 것으로 해석될 수 있다. 하지만 대학도서관 공간 기능의 변화와는 달리 이에 대한 평가는 여전히 리노베이션이나 신축 전후의 도서관 이용자의 만족도 혹은 도서관 이용의 변화에 국한되고 있어서, 대학의 비전과 목표를 반영한 도서관의 학습커먼즈(learning commons)로서의 기능을 평가하는 측정도구 개발의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 대학도서관 공간구성에 대한 변천과정을 분석하고 이에 대한 평가와 관련된 연구조사를 통해 대학도서관의 공간구성에 대한 효과성을 평가하는 도구의 개발과 미래의 공간구성 및 평가 전략을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the gait of elderly patients with and without dementia to investigate the possibility of an ambulation assessment test as a diagnostic tool for dementia. METHODS: A total of 96 subjects were included with 60 participants without dementia (control group) and 36 patients with dementia (dementia group). To compare the walking ability of the two groups, a 4-m walking test (4MWT) and Groningen Meander Walking Test (GMWT) were conducted. The GMWT is graded by amount of time in seconds and by number of oversteps outside the track. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the gait between the groups and the area under the curve (AUC) with Received Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed. Statistical significance was considered at a p<.05, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences (p<.05) between the dementia group and the control group for the 4MWT, GMWTSEC, and GMWTSTEP scores. The AUC was .95 for 4MWT, .92 for GMWTSEC, and .96 for GMWTSTEP with the 95% confidence interval. The cut-off values of the ROC curve were 1.03m/s for 4MWT, 10.8 second for GMWTSEC, and 3.75 steps for GMSTEP. CONCLUSION: In our study, we investigated the utility of ambulatory assessment tools to predict dementia. The results of this study suggest that the 4MWT and the GMWT used in this study are appropriate assessment tools for dementia prediction.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.188-200
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• 2024

This review explores the essential methodologies for effective postoperative pain management, focusing on the need for thorough pain assessment tools, as underscored in various existing guidelines. Herein, the strengths and weaknesses of commonly used pain scales for postoperative pain-the Visual Analog Scale, Numeric Rating Scale, Verbal Rating Scale, and Faces Pain Scale-are evaluated, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate assessment tools based on factors influencing their effectiveness in surgical contexts. By emphasizing the need to comprehend the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for these scales in evaluating new analgesic interventions and monitoring pain trajectories over time, this review advocates recognizing the limitations of common pain scales to improve pain assessment strategies, ultimately enhancing postoperative pain management. Finally, five recommendations for pain assessment in research on postoperative pain are provided: first, selecting an appropriate pain scale tailored to the patient group, considering the strengths and weaknesses of each scale; second, simultaneously assessing the intensity of postoperative pain at rest and during movement; third, conducting evaluations at specific time points and monitoring trends over time; fourth, extending the focus beyond the intensity of postoperative pain to include its impact on postoperative functional recovery; and lastly, interpreting the findings while considering the MCID, ensuring that it is clinically significant for the chosen pain scale. These recommendations broaden our understanding of postoperative pain and provide insights that contribute to more effective pain management strategies, thereby enhancing patient care outcomes.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2008

The number of marine accidents have been decreased since various equipments for navigation control have been introduced to the marine vessels. However, disastrous marine accidents such as ship collisions are occurred more frequently. Therefore, IMO(International Maritime Organization) is enforcing the design requirement of structural strength for marine vessel. Also EU countries are developing new design methodologies and design tools to suggest the design guidance which can minimize the damage of commercial vessels in case of marine collision accidents. In this study, an integrated design system for the safety assessment has been presented to enhance the safety of damaged ships in marine collision accidents. The architecture of system is described by use-cases and IDEF functional analysis. Then an integrated system for safety assessment of damaged ship which is considering both damage stability and structural safety has been developed to support the ship design in early stage.