• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

Background: Knowledge of the spatial trends of plant invasions in different habitats is essential for a better understanding of the process of these invasions. We examined the variation in invasive alien plant species (IAS) richness and composition at two spatial scales defined by elevation and habitat types (roadside, forest, and cultivated lands) in the Makawanpur district of Nepal. Following an elevation gradient ranging from 500 to 2,400 m asl along a mountain road, plant species cover was recorded within sample plots of size 10 m × 5 m. Systematic random sampling was adopted in every 100 m elevation intervals on three habitat types. Results: Altogether 18 invasive alien plants belonging to eight families were recorded within 60 plots, of which 14 species (representing 80%) were from tropical North and South America. The most common plants by their frequency were Ageratina adenophora, Chromolaena odorata, Bidens pilosa, Lantana camara, and Parthenium hysterophorus. We found a significant relationship between species composition and elevation in the study area. Low-elevation regions had a higher number of alien species as compared to high-elevation regions within different habitat types. Conclusions: The species richness and density of IAS were higher in the road site followed by the cultivated land and forest sites. This pattern occurred throughout the elevation range and habitats. IAS were found mostly in the open land with high sunlight availability. Information from such scientific assessment of invasive alien plants will assist in developing appropriate management plans in the Makawanpur district.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.713-727
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• 2018

본 연구는 국내 하천의 고유성을 반영할 수 있는 물리적 환경평가 체계를 개발하는 것이다. 하천유형 분류, 평가구간 선정, 평가 항목 및 지표에 대하여 종합적으로 요약하였다. 하천의 물리적 구조는 하천 유수력에 의한 반응의 결과이므로 하도경사, 하상재료의 입경 및 하도지형의 특성에 따라 하천을 3가지 유형으로 분류하였다. 평가구간은 각 하천 유형의 대표적인 특징인 step 또는 여울출현 간격, 사행도에 따라 저수로 폭의 10배와 25배 기준으로 선정하였다. 평가지표는 하도 안정성, 흐름 상태, 횡단면 형상, 하안 안정성, 하도개수 및 하천횡단구조물과 같은 공통지표와 유효 서식지, 하상 매몰도, 흐름의 다양성 및 step과 여울 출현빈도와 같은 하천 유형별 특성지표로 구성되어 있다. 적용성 검토를 위하여 개발된 평가체계를 9개의 하천에 적용하고 그 결과를 제시하였다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.235-246
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• 2023

Objective: It is difficult to predict the treatment response of tissue after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) because radiation necrosis (RN) and tumor recurrence can coexist. Our study aimed to predict tumor recurrence, including the recurrence site, after SRS of brain metastasis by performing a longitudinal tumor habitat analysis. Materials and Methods: Two consecutive multiparametric MRI examinations were performed for 83 adults (mean age, 59.0 years; range, 27-82 years; 44 male and 39 female) with 103 SRS-treated brain metastases. Tumor habitats based on contrast-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted images (structural habitats) and those based on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) images (physiological habitats) were defined using k-means voxel-wise clustering. The reference standard was based on the pathology or Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncologycriteria for brain metastases (RANO-BM). The association between parameters of single-time or longitudinal tumor habitat and the time to recurrence and the site of recurrence were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Dice similarity coefficient, respectively. Results: The mean interval between the two MRI examinations was 99 days. The longitudinal analysis showed that an increase in the hypovascular cellular habitat (low ADC and low CBV) was associated with the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-4.91; P = 0.001). During the single-time analysis, a solid low-enhancing habitat (low T2 and low contrast-enhanced T1 signal) was associated with the risk of recurrence (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.01-2.35; P = 0.045). A hypovascular cellular habitat was indicative of the future recurrence site (Dice similarity coefficient = 0.423). Conclusion: After SRS of brain metastases, an increased hypovascular cellular habitat observed using a longitudinal MRI analysis was associated with the risk of recurrence (i.e., treatment resistance) and was indicative of recurrence site. A tumor habitat analysis may help guide future treatments for patients with brain metastases.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2015

This study was performed to propose the site selection plan for the restoration of the target Reeve's turtle (Maunemys reevesii) habitat and has developed the AHP model to select the optimal site for Reeve's turtle habitat restoration on the basis of the Reeve's turtle Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) items (factors and variables). The assessment areas were established by the Reeve's turtle HSI factors such as breeding space, feed, cover, water, threatening factors and others and the sub-assessment items by each assessment area were established based on the Reeve's turtle HSI variables. The weighting values of the assessment areas and items were calculated by the developed AHP method. The weighting values of the 5 assessment areas were arranged in order as breeding space(0.293), food(0.273), water(0.217), cover(0.113), and threatening factor(0.104). The final weighting values of the 17 assessment items were arranged in order of height as all kind of food(0.222), water depth(0.096), altitude of spawning ground(0.093). The scoring criteria according to the assessment items and factors were marked and applied by equal intervals considering the criteria by HSI items of the Reeve's turtle and finally the scoring criteria diagram as been proposed for the optimal site selection of the Reeve's turtle habitat restoration.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.53-66
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• 2005

The objective of this study is the classification of priority areas for the implementation of green roof by evaluating environmental deterioration in Seoul. Non-permeable pavement, air pollution, habitual floods, energy use, heat island and green space are considered in this assessment indicators. The expert questionnaire survey was conducted in order to determine the most important indicators. These indicators were then, thoroughly evaluated. As a result, high priority areas for the implementation of green roof were deduced in the following order of the districts : Jung, Sungdong, Jungrang, Youngdungpo, Jongro and Kangnam. The highest priority areas were determined to be crowded business-commercial areas. Low priority areas are analyzed in the following order of the districts : Kwanak, Nowon, Seocho and Dobong. The result of this study can be utilized for environmental planning and decision of related policies. Additionally, it can be promoted that awareness of implementing green roof of citizens, policy makers and building owners and effect of green networking between inside and outside Seoul can be increased.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

Water quality contamination issues are of critical concern to human health, whilst pesticide release generated from irrigated land should be considered for protecting natural habitats and human health. This paper suggests new method for evaluation and analysis using the GIS technique based on integrated spatial modeling framework. The pesticide use on irrigated land is a subset of the larger spectrum of industrial chemicals used in modern society. The behavior of a pesticide is affected by the natural affinity of the chemical for one of four environmental compartments; solid matter, liquid, gaseous form, and biota. However, the major movements are a physical transport over the ground surface by rainfall-runoff and irrigation-runoff. The irrigated water carries out with the transporting sediments and makes contaminated water by pesticide. This paper focuses on risk impact identification and assessment using GIS technique. Also, generated data on pesticide residues on farmland and surface water through GIS simulation will be reflected to environmental research programs. Finally, this study indicates that GIS application is a beneficial tool for spatial pesticide impact analysis as well as environmental risk assessment.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2012

생물다양성에 대한 사회적 관심이 늘어남에 따라 생물다양성 평가, 보호지역 지정, 서식지 관리 및 복원 등 생물자원에 대한 공간적 평가의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 야생동물의 서식지에 대한 평가를 위하여 자료의 수집 및 모형화의 기법 연구와 생물종풍부도를 작성하는데 목적이 있다. 종분포모형을 위해 사용된 GAM (Generalized Additive Model)으로 기존의 중첩 분석이나 GLM (Generalized Linear Model)에 비해 환경변수와 반응변수의 관계가 명확하고 이에 따른 해석이 용이하다. 본 연구대상지로는 국립공원, 경관생태보호구역, 수달보호구역으로 지정된 지리산, 백운산, 섬진강을 포함하고 있는 유역을 선정하였다. 대상유역의 토지피복에 따라 층화추출을 통하여 야생동물(포유류와 조류)의 출현/비출현 형태의 현장자료를 수집하였으며, 야생동물의 서식에 영향을 미치는 자연, 사회 경제적 자료를 구축하였다. 각 종에 대한 서식지이용분석과 주요서식인자를 확인한 후, 출현/비출현 모형을 통해 서식지적합성모형을 개발하고, 개별 종에 대한 서식지적합성지도 작성하였다. 서식지 적합성지도를 산술 합산하여 분류군별(포유류, 조류) 종풍부도, 통합종풍부도를 작성하였다. 개별 종 서식지의 주요인자는 서식지선택에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 고라니나 박새와 같은 몇몇 종들은 저지대에 분포하나, 대부분의 포유류나 조류의 잠재서식지는 국립공원 경계구역이나 중산간지역에 많이 분포하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 환경부에서 수행하는 생물다양성의 평가, 보호지역의 지정 등의 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2019

본 연구는 "환경영향평가 협의 시 생물이동성 제고를 위한 법 제도적 고찰에 관한 연구"의 후속연구로 환경영향평가 협의를 통하여 조성된 대부분의 생태통로가 원목적과 부합하지 않게 조성되어 야생동물 교통사고를 저감하지 못하는 문제점을 개선하고자 수행하였다. 단절된 생태계의 연결성을 회복하기 위한 대안으로 환경영향평가 시 제시한 생태통로가 실질적인 역할을 할 수 있도록 각 단계별 고려사항을 제시하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 환경영향평가 협의 단계를 계획, 설계, 시공, 모니터링, 유지 관리 등 5단계로 구분하여 실무담당자가 각 단계별로 검토해야하는 구체적인 항목을 제시하였다. 이로 인하여 원목적과 부합하지 않게 조성되어 야생동물에게 외면당하는 생태통로 조성을 막아 개발 사업으로 인한 서식지 단절을 최소화하고 생물다양성을 향상시킬 수 있도록 하고자 하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.277-290
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• 2013

This study was carried out to propose the new procedure to apply Habitat Evaluation Procedure(HEP) of target species using delphi technique, which is suitable to develop endangered species with few researches and ecological knowledges. To identify habitat quality of specific species in development project site, we can develop habitat model and create habitat suitability maps. In this study, we select the Common Kestrel(Falco tinnunculus) as target species in four areas(Paju, Siheung, Ansan, Hwaseong) which is located near the Seoul metropolitan area. The Delphi technique was selected to get the reliable information on the species and habitats requirements. Through the delphi approach, seven habitat components were determined as suitable variables for the Common Kestrel: density($n/km^2$) of small mammals, area($km^2$) of bare-grounds, pasturelands and riparian, and open area(%), spatial distribution and area of croplands, landscape diversity, breeding sites(tall trees, cliffs, high-rise buildings), and the length of shelf. Habitat variables used in this model were classified into two categories: % of suitable land-cover type(open areas, croplands, pasturelands, wetlands, and baregrounds) and the quality of feeding sites(within 250m from edges of woodlands). Habitat quality of the Common Kestrel was assessed against occurred sites derived from the nationwide survey. Predicted habitat suitability map were closely related to the observed sites of the endangered avian species in the study areas. With the habitat suitability map of the Common Kestrel, we assess the environmental impacts with habitat loss after development project in environmental impact assessment.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.381-396
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• 2010

It is essential to consider strategies, spatial planning, and reflection of sustainability for the creation of sound urban spaces. To this end, there is a need for plans that can secure better sustainability through strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of plans. This study examined the literature and available precedent to develop a SEA model for administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans. In the course of development of the model, environmental issues associated with the urban plans were analyzed by classifying them into ten categories, including "spatial planning," "conservation planning," "greenbelt systems," "habitats." and etc. according to their rank. Furthermore, those issues were reflected on the development of environmental evaluation indices for the plans. Overall and detailed environmental indices that can be applied to the administrative plans for urban development including metropolitan plans, urban master plans and urban management plans were devised for five stages: (1) Establishment of development goals and strategy, (2) Analysis of current status and characteristics, (3) Conceptualization of spatial structure, (4) Planning for each department, and (5) Execution and management. Sub plans are more detailed and concrete. Criteria based on the evaluation indices, when performing evaluations on plans based on each environmental assessment index in reference to experts and the literature, were used to forecast their effects, i.e. whether they had a positive, negative, or no effect or relationship, or whether their effects was uncertain. Based on the forecasts, this study then presents means to establish more improvable plans. Furthermore, by synthesis of the effects according to each index and integration of the process, plans were analyzed overall. This study reflects the characteristics of the present time period based on issues in the SEA process and techniques in upper level administrative plans being newly established, and presents them according to the stage of each plan. Furthermore, by forecasting the effect of plans by stage, this study presents proposals for improvement, and in this aspect, can be meaningful in promoting plan improvements through SEA.