• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 1976

In recent years, explosive increase in population has been damaging mankind in terms of deprivation of natural resources and more of economical demands. Therefore, we have thought about problems as to counter-balance the increasing population, and reached a resolution of artificial methods of controlling birth. In the past, though now used in some of contraceptive methods, extravaginal ejaculation, condom were commonly used. But recently, pills, IUD and several kinds of operative procedures are quite popular. Though the recent methods are known to be effective compared with the traditional methods, a certain unwanted side effects as well as limited value of usages now must be discussed. On this aspect, we are trying to research for a ideal methods such as symptom free, more of natural way of family planning and try to zero the failure rate. And also it has been suggested that only if those scientific methods of controlling birth can be base on religious concepts of moral being, it will be enlightened. At the Happy Family Planning Clinic of St. Mary's Hospital, we apply Billing's ovulation method to out-patients who want contraception and usually advise them to use it on a self-care basis. For a retrospective study of the presurvey data analysis and use-effectiveness of the ovulation method from April 1, 1975 to Nov., 30, 1975, we have dealt with a total of 1,383 women (urban areas 465, rural areas 918). The results of preliminary survey were as follows; 1) Among 465 women in Seoul areas, the failure rate was 10.3, which signified unplanned pregnancies of 32 women. 27 of the 32 women were pregnant due to the users own failure and the remaing 5 due to the failure of the method. Therefore, the failure of the method accounted for 1.6. 2) Among 918 women in rural areas, the failure rate was 15.2 signifing unplanned pregnancies in 93 women. The cause of the failure in 81 of the 93 women was attributable to the user's own mistake and that in the remaing 12 to the default of the method. Therefore, the failure attributable to the method accounted for 2.0.

• 한국연극학
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• 제52호
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• pp.117-157
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• 2014

Cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ est pour l'objectif de rechercher sur $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trale$ de la mort et le deuil dans les $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tres$ chez Young-sun Yun(1954-2007) ${\grave{a}}$ travers des textes dramatiques ${\acute{e}}crits$ par $lui-m{\hat{e}}me$, qui ${\acute{e}}tait$ aussi le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ depuis 1994 dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ contemporain en $Cor{\acute{e}}e$. Cette $th{\grave{e}}se$ est $commenc{\acute{e}}$ ${\grave{a}}$ ${\acute{e}}crire$ pas pour apprendre ses textes mais pour comprendre la ralation entre les textes et les ${\exp}{\acute{e}}riences$ de l'auteur. Ici, pour cela, j''ai $analys{\acute{e}}$ ses 4 $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trales$ produites ${\grave{a}}$ cette ${\grave{e}}poque$, dont (1994), (2000), $d{\acute{e}}biteur$, mon $p{\grave{e}}re$ est $progress{\acute{e}}$ de cancer>(1996), (2005), en referrant les rapports entre $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}criture$ dramatique et de la mort et le deuil de $p{\grave{e}}re$. Cette ${\acute{e}}tude$ $pr{\acute{e}}suppose$ un certain situation psychologue de l'auteur sur la mort et le deuil de personnage '$p{\grave{e}}re$'. L'auteur dramatique et le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ Young-sun Yun propose certaines orientations de la mort de son $p{\grave{e}}re$ dans ses texts dramatiques: le sentiment de victime sous le pouvoir absolu de son $p{\grave{e}}re$. Chez lui, ${\acute{e}}crire$ le texte dramatique, c'est transmettre les amertumes d'esprit et une forme de $r{\acute{e}}flextion$ vis-${\grave{a}}$-vis de la relation avec son $p{\grave{e}}re$ surtout le $probl{\grave{e}}me$ $inachev{\acute{e}}$ de deuil. c'est-${\grave{a}}$-dire fournir des sentiments coupables et des $anxi{\acute{e}}t{\acute{e}}s$ qui $r{\acute{e}}sident$ au fond de son coeur, tout au long de sa vie. Pour cette objecif, il est ${\acute{e}}vident$ qu'il faudra toujours partir du texte et y revenir. J'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ de ne pas $r{\acute{e}}duiser$ $l^{\prime}{\acute{e}}tude$ des textes au respect myope des paroles des personnage et rester la $r{\acute{e}}flextion$ pshchologique sur la mort et le processu de deuil. J'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ d'appuyer mes remarques sur les sources $autoris{\acute{e}}es$: psychanalytiques en la $mati{\grave{e}}re$. C'est pourquoi j'ai cru devoir $pr{\acute{e}}senter$ cette recherche de l'analyse sous la forme d'une $synth{\grave{e}}se$ des principaux concepts de la $th{\acute{e}}orie$ de la pshchologie moderne qui permettent l'analyse des textes dramatiques.(Dany Nobus, David K. Switzer, Fritz Riemann, Giles Deleuze, Sigmund Freud, Julia Kristeva) Et auiss j'ai $essay{\acute{e}}$ de explorer l'imaginaire des paroles dans les textes en ses rapports avec l'auteur et les personnages et entre les personnages. Ainsi conçu, j'ai $analys{\acute{e}}$ les formes de paroles en ce qui concerne la mort de $p{\grave{e}}re$ et le deuil. Cette $mani{\grave{e}}re$ s'est $r{\acute{e}}v{\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}e$ efficace pour montrer comment des traces de sentiment se transforment dans des textes. Dans les pluparts des personnages chez les textes de Young-sun Yun, on peut voir si $d{\acute{e}}finitivement$ leur cicatrices personnelles, $sensibilit{\acute{e}}s$ $m{\hat{e}}l{\acute{e}}s$, ce 'je-ne-pourrai-rien-contre-mon-$p{\grave{e}}re$' ou 'je-ne-sais-quoi-et-presque-$apr{\grave{e}}s$-la mort-de-mon pere'. Pour $d{\acute{e}}pouiller$ cet aspect, j'ai $montr{\acute{e}}$ qu'il n'y avait pas de $v{\acute{e}}rit{\acute{e}}s$ objectives, mais que la $subjectivit{\acute{e}}$ doit trouver le jeu triangulaire entre l'inconscient de l'auteur par les paroles des textes et par les rapports entre le symbolisant et le $symbolis{\acute{e}}$ dans les $repr{\acute{e}}sentation$ socio-culturelle en $Cor{\acute{e}}e$ d'aujourd'hui.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2009

Cu pillar 범프를 사용한 플립칩 접속부는 솔더범프 접속부에 비해 칩과 기판사이의 거리를 감소시키지 않으면서 미세피치 접속이 가능하기 때문에, 특히 기생 캐패시턴스를 억제하기 위해 칩과 기판사이의 큰 거리가 요구되는 RF 패키지에서 유용한 칩 접속공정이다. 본 논문에서는 칩에는 Cu pillar 범프, 기판에는 Sn 범프를 전기도금하고 이들을 플립칩 본딩하여 Cu pillar 범프 접속부를 형성 한 후, Sn 전기도금 범프의 높이에 따른 Cu pillar 범프 접속부의 접속저항과 칩 전단하중을 측정하였다. 전기도금한 Sn 범프의 높이를 5 ${\mu}m$에서 30 ${\mu}m$로 증가시킴에 따라 Cu pillar 범프 접속부의 접속저항이 31.7 $m{\Omega}$에서 13.8 $m{\Omega}$로 향상되었으며, 칩 전단하중이 3.8N에서 6.8N으로 증가하였다. 반면에 접속부의 종횡비는 1.3에서 0.9로 저하하였으며, 접속부의 종횡비, 접속저항 및 칩 전단하중의 변화거동으로부터 Sn 전기도금 범프의 최적 높이는 20 ${\mu}m$로 판단되었다.

• 철학연구
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• 제130권
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• pp.79-107
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• 2014

학교폭력이라는 개념은 오늘날 우리 사회의 핵심 키워드가 되었다. 학계 차원에서는 이미 1990년대 초부터 학교폭력의 심각성을 구체적으로 논의하기 시작했다. 그러나 날이 갈수록 학교폭력의 양상은 점점 더 다양해지고 흉악해졌다. 이에 학교폭력의 문제는 학계와 지역사회의 차원에서만 다루어져야 할 사항이 아니라, 범정부의 차원에서 다루어져야 한다는 주장이 쇄도했으며 이러한 운동은 결국 국회를 움직여 법령을 제정하게 하고, 범정부적 대책기구까지 상정하게 하였다. 그러나 학교, 지역사회, 정부차원 등 다방면의 예방노력에도 불구하고 학교폭력의 양상은 더 흉포해지고 조직화되고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 특히 가해자와 피해자가 중 고등학생 중심에서 초등학생으로 저연령화되고 있다. 또한 많은 연구들은 초등학교 저학년 때 학교폭력을 경험한 아동이 고학년이 되어 가해자가 될 수 있는 가능성이 높다는 점을 명시적으로 보여준다. 따라서 초등학교 저학년을 위한 학교폭력 예방 프로그램의 개발이 매우 중요하다. 이에 본 연구는 우선 첫째로, 라캉의 주체 개념을 해명하고, 둘째로, 학교폭력 발생의 원인과 폭력의 양상을 분석하고, 셋째로, 지금까지 제안된 학교폭력을 위한 중요 예방 프로그램의 문제점을 지적하고, 넷째로, 라캉의 정신분석적 도덕교육의 관점에서 학교폭력예방을 위한 대안을 제시하고자 한다.

• Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2003

An understanding of the cooling requirements of horticultural commodities begins with adequate knowledge of their biological responses. All fresh horticultural products are living organisms, carrying on the many biological processes that are essential to the maintenance of life. The pre-cooling is essential technique for the construction of cold chain system, which is necessary to maintain marketing quality of fresh produces during the transportation and distribution. The purpose of this study is to develop the pressure cooling tunnel using conveyer for the reduction of labor and improvement of pre-cooling efficiency. Performance of developed facility was tested for the strawberries, tomatoes and Chinese cabbages. Cooling ratio as a result of pre-cooling efficiency was 1.57, 1.56 and 1.32 for strawberries, tomatoes, and Chinese cabbages respectively. Cooling ratio decreased with increasing the distance of heat conduction from surface to center. The cooling ratio of Chinese cabbages was lower than that of fruit because of its head and leaf. In aspect of cooling uniformity, there was no significant difference of final temperature among inlet, outlet and middle layers of cold air in fresh produces. After pre-cooling treatment, quality changes were measured for the weight loss, Vit. C content, and titratable acidity. The quality of pre-cooling treatment was better than that of non-treatment and was kept on well during long-term storage.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제11C권4호
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• pp.539-544
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 블루투스 기술을 적용한 헤드셋과 휴대폰에 접속 가능한 오디오 게이트웨이 개발을 임베디드 환경에서 소개하였다. 개발 환경으로는 CSR사의 BC02 프로세서 칩을 근간으로 하는 블루투스 모듈, BCSP02 펌웨어와 블루투스 프로토콜 스택을 포함한 블루램 소프트레어를 사용하였다. 블루램에서 제공되는 API 함수를 활용한 응용소프트웨어는 C 언어로 코딩하여 블루투스 모듈에 위치한 프래쉬 롬에 로딩하도록 개발되었다. 또 개발된 시스템의 성능해석을 위하여 오디오 게이트웨이와 헤드셋과의 통신시 호 설정 시간과 해제시간을 측정하여 호 처리 능력을 성능분석 파라메터로 제시하였다. 오디오 게이트웨이와 헤드셋과의 통신 시 호 설정 시간과 해제시간은 약 88.8ms가 소요되어 초당 11개의 호를 처리 할 수 있다. 파라서 이러한 결과는 호 처리 관점에서 살펴보면 충분한 성능을 만족한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.513-531
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• 2012

This study was to analyze the characteristic of scientific argumentation in the classes for the gifted of elementary school. The participants of this study were 5 fifth graders and 9 sixth graders, 14 in total, from the basic unit schools for gifted students of J elementary school in Incheon city. And it constituted small scale groups made up of 2~3 students with similar or identical ability in scientific reasoning. It had set up hypothesis for each group before the experiment, and students had a group discussion as a whole after the experiment. Classes were conducted 4 times, all courses were recorded as a sound/video. The ability in scientific reasoning of the students was inspected, making use of SRT II by means of pre-survey, and their argumentation levels were analyzed, utilizing 'Rubric for scientific argumentation course assessment.' As a result, argumentations did not incurred in every class. Analysis in argumentations of the students resulted in low level argumentation. This means argumentation cannot incur based on that with the limit in understanding the principle of experiments over the threshold of textbook no matter that he is an gifted student or not. The student both in formal operational period and transition period (2B/3A), the ability of scientific thinking in upper level, was improved of his argumentative ability in an overall aspect. However, a student of concrete operational period, the ability of scientific thinking in lower level, had argumentation with still lower level even after the experiment at the moment of discussing with the students on the upper level of scientific thinking ability.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권12호
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• pp.1295-1304
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• 2004

In this paper, the Bayesian recurrent neural network is proposed to predict time series data. A neural network predictor requests proper learning strategy to adjust the network weights, and one needs to prepare for non-linear and non-stationary evolution of network weights. The Bayesian neural network in this paper estimates not the single set of weights but the probability distributions of weights. In other words, the weights vector is set as a state vector of state space method, and its probability distributions are estimated in accordance with the particle filtering process. This approach makes it possible to obtain more exact estimation of the weights. In the aspect of network architecture, it is known that the recurrent feedback structure is superior to the feedforward structure for the problem of time series prediction. Therefore, the recurrent neural network with Bayesian inference, what we call Bayesian recurrent neural network (BRNN), is expected to show higher performance than the normal neural network. To verify the proposed method, the time series data are numerically generated and various kinds of neural network predictor are applied on it in order to be compared. As a result, feedback structure and Bayesian learning are better than feedforward structure and backpropagation learning, respectively. Consequently, it is verified that the Bayesian reccurent neural network shows better a prediction result than the common Bayesian neural network.

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.250-265
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• 2016

Owing to our rapidly aging society, accessibility evaluation to enhance the ease and safety of access to indoor and outdoor environments for the elderly and disabled is increasing in importance. Accessibility must be assessed not only from the general standard aspect but also in terms of physical and cognitive friendliness for users of different ages, genders, and abilities. Meanwhile, human behavior simulation has been progressing in the areas of crowd behavior analysis and emergency evacuation planning. However, in human behavior simulation, environment models represent only "as-planned" situations. In addition, a pedestrian model cannot generate the detailed articulated movements of various people of different ages and genders in the simulation. Therefore, the final goal of this research was to develop a virtual accessibility evaluation by combining realistic human behavior simulation using a digital human model (DHM) with "as-is" environment models. To achieve this goal, we developed an algorithm for generating human-like DHM walking motions, adapting its strides, turning angles, and footprints to laser-scanned 3D as-is environments including slopes and stairs. The DHM motion was generated based only on a motion-capture (MoCap) data for flat walking. Our implementation constructed as-is 3D environment models from laser-scanned point clouds of real environments and enabled a DHM to walk autonomously in various environment models. The difference in joint angles between the DHM and MoCap data was evaluated. Demonstrations of our environment modeling and walking simulation in indoor and outdoor environments including corridors, slopes, and stairs are illustrated in this study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.113-128
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• 1999

Protozoa can represent as half of the total rumen microbial biomass. Around 10 genera are generally present on the same time in the rumen. Based on nutritional aspects they can be divided in large entodiniomorphs, small entodiniomorphs and isotrichs. Their feeding behaviour and their enzymatic activities differ considerably. Many comparisons between defaunated and refaunated animals were carried out during the last two decades to explain the global role of protozoa at the ruminal or animal levels. It is now generally considered that a presence of an abundant protozoal population in the rumen has a negative effect on the amino acid (AA) supply to ruminants and contribute to generate more methane but, nevertheless, protozoa must not be considered as parasites. They are useful for numerous reasons. They stabilise rumen pH when animal are fed diets rich in available starch and decrease the redox potential of rumen digesta. Because cellulolytic bacteria are very sensitive to these two parameters, protozoa indirectly stimulate the bacterial cellulolytic activity and supply their own activity to the rumen microbial ecosystem. They could also supply some peptides in the rumen medium which can stimulate the growth of the rumen microbiota, but this aspect has never been considered in the past. Their high contribution to ammonia production has bad consequences on the urinary nitrogen excretion but means also that less dietary soluble nitrogen is necessary when protozoa are present. Changes in the molar percentages of VFA and gases from rumen fermentations are not so large that they could alter significantly the use of energy by animals. The answer of animals to elimination of protozoa (defaunation) depends on the balance between energy and protein needs of animals and the supply of nutrients supplied through the diet. Defaunation is useful in case of diets short in protein nitrogen but not limited in energy supply for animals having high needs of proteins.