• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8253-8258
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• 2016

Elevated levels of soluble CD30 (sCD30) are linked with various T-cell neoplasms. However, the relationship between sCD30 levels and the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers remains to be clarified. We here investigated whether plasma sCD30 is associated with risk of ATL in a nested case-control study within a cohort of HTLV-1 carriers. We compared sCD30 levels between 11 cases (i.e., HTLV-1 carriers who later progressed to ATL) and 22 age-, sex- and institution-matched control HTLV-1 carriers (i.e., those with no progression). The sCD30 concentration at baseline was significantly higher in cases than in controls (median 65.8, range 27.2-134.5 U/mL vs. median 22.2, range 8.4-63.1 U/mL, P=0.001). In the univariate logistic regression analysis, a higher sCD30 (${\geq}30.2U/mL$) was significantly associated with ATL development (odds ratio 7.88 and the 95% confidence intervals 1.35-45.8, P = 0.02). Among cases, sCD30 concentration tended to increase at the time of diagnosis of aggressive-type ATL, but the concentration was stable in those developing the smoldering-type. This suggests that sCD30 may serve as a predictive marker for the onset of aggressive-type ATL in HTLV-1 carriers.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.163-167
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• 2004

The effects of sucrose concentration on the secretion of hGM-CSF, total protein and protease into the medium were investigated in transgenic tobacco cells. The dry cell weight (11.22 g/L), hGM-CSF (181.53 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) and total protein (66.8 mg/L) were detected as highest at 30 g/L sucrose and protease activity (2660 U/L) was highest at 120 g/L sucrose after 5-day culture. However after 10-day culture, the maximum dry cell weight (28.36 g/L) was found at 60 g/L sucrose while the maximum hGM-CSF (95 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L) was appeared at 150 g/L sucrose. The total protein and protease activity was secreted as 52.28mg/L and 3430 U/L, respectively in the same culture.

• 재활복지
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.77-99
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to prepare the basic information of teacher training through the special education teachers' present execution status and awareness on positive behavior intervention support for the student with disabilities. The results of the study as follows: First, the rate of teachers having high concern on students' behavioral management was 22.9%, and the rate of teachers taking median concern was 66%. And the teachers obtained the information on problem management including positive behavior support by publications or teacher training. Second, the importance of individual interventions valuated significantly which presented mostly more 4 point. But relatively the point of application possibility was lower than the point of importance evaluation. Third, the rate of application as 70% among total research participants presented to be used the most in all individual interventions on positive behavior support. And on the effectiveness, the teachers answered that 23 interventions were effective. But, on the facts of monitoring and assessment of behaviors, the special education teachers negatively evaluated the effectiveness. Results are discussed with previous research, contributions to future directions, and implications in interventions for students with disabilities.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.190-198
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• 2012

RNA interference (RNAi) is rapidly becoming a valuable tool in biological studies, as it allows the selective and transient knockdown of protein expression. The short-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) transiently silence gene expression. By contrast, the expressed short-hairpin RNAs induce long-term, stable knockdown of their target gene. Trichoplusia ni (T. ni) cells are widely used for mammalian cell-derived glycoprotein expression using the baculovirus system. However, a suitable shRNA expression system has not been developed yet. We investigated the potency of shRNA-mediated gene expression inhibition using human and Drosophila U6 promoters in T. ni cells. Luciferase, EGFP, and ${\beta}$-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAcase) were employed as targets to investigate knockdown of specific genes in T. ni cells. Introduction of the shRNA expression vector under the control of human U6 or Drosophila U6 promoter into T. ni cells exhibited the reduced level of luciferase, EGFP, and ${\beta}$-N-acetylglucosaminidase compared with that of untransfected cells. The shRNA was expressed and processed to siRNA in our vector-transfected T. ni cells. GlcNAcase mRNA levels were down-regulated in T. ni cells transfected with shRNA vectors-targeted GlcNAcase as compared with the control vector-treated cells. It implied that our shRNA expression vectors using human and Drosophila U6 promoters were applied in T. ni cells for the specific gene knockdown.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1337-1340
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• 2001

The bulk photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with para-substituted phenylsilanes such as F-C6H4SiH3 (1), H3C-C6H4SiH3 (2), and H3CO-C6H4SiH3 (3) was performed to produce poly(MMA)s containing the respective silyl moiety as an end group. For all the hydrosilanes, the polymerization yields and the polymer molecular weights decreased, whereas the TGA residue yields and the relative intensities of Si-H IR stretching bands increased as the relative silane concentration over MMA increased. The polymerization yields and polymer molecular weights of MMA with 1-3 increased in the order of 3 < 1 < 2. These hydrosilanes influence significantly upon the photopolymerization of MMA as both chain-initiation and chain-transfer agents.

• Architectural research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.151-155
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• 2016

It is necessary to improve the performance of buildings with respect to the energy efficiency while improving the quality of occupants' lives through a sustainable built environment. During the design and development process, building projects must have a comprehensive, integrated perspective that seeks to reduce heating, cooling and lighting loads through climate-responsive designs. The aim of this study is to find an optimal thermal transmittance (U-values) for building envelope elements for low energy multi-rise residential buildings in the early design phase in Korea. The study found that using small U-values of $0.15w/m^2K$ for exterior walls, ceilings and floors and $1.0w/m^2K$ for south and north facing windows has resulted in energy reduction of 22.1%-59.4% in the south facing rooms and 43%-77.6% of the north facing rooms. It has also found the energy load reduction potential of using small U-values are higher on the north facing rooms. The findings of this study can be suggested to be used as a baseline case for low energy consumption studies. It can also be used to determine appropriate envelope materials and insulation values.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.123-134
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• 2021

This paper suggests that the Internet is not free through analysis of U.S. Internet history and lawsuits related to the Charter merger in 2016. Generally speaking, the players in internet connectivity market agree to Non-Disclosure Agreement, when connecting their facilities and networks each other. So, I adopted the case study & analysis as research methodologies due to limitation of collecting the transaction data between them. The former finds that Internet access has never been free in U.S Internet history. As we know, some including Content Providers(CPs) argue that the Internet is a free network and there are many cases to use the internet for free, so they came to conclusion that ISPs have no right to charge the users like CPs. This study refutes these arguments in two ways. One is that using the internet has never been free. From ARPANET, known as the beginning of the U.S. Internet, to the commercialization of backbone, no Internet has been considered or implemented for free since the early Internet network was devised. Also, the U.S government was paying subsidies or institutions were paying fees to secure network operations for the NSFNET backbone. the other is that "free peering" refers to barter transactions between ISPs, not to free access to counterpart internet networks. Second, this study analyze the FCC' executive order of conditioned merger approval and the court's related ruling and verify that using the internet is not free. According to the analysis, this study finds that it's real situation to make paid settlements between ISP-CPs (including OTTs) in the US Internet market at the moment. This study concludes that the Internet has never been free in terms of its technical characteristics, network structure, network operation, and system. Also it proposes how to improve the domestic settlement system between ISPs-CPs in terms of policy and regulation.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.70-75
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• 2005

The damping property of Fe-12Cr-22Mn-X alloys has been investigated to develop high damping and high strength alloy. Particularly, the effect of the phase of austenite, alpha and epsilon martensite, which constitute the structure of the alloys Fe-12Cr-22Mn-X alloys, on the damping capacity at room temperature has been investigated. Various fraction of these phases were formed depending on the alloy element and cold work degree. The damping capacity is strongly affected by ${\varepsilon}$ martensite while the other phase, such as ${\alpha}'$ martensite, actually exhibit little effect on damping capacity. In case of Fe-12Cr-22Mn-3Co alloy, the large volume fraction of ${\varepsilon}$ martensite formed at about 30% cold rolling, and in case of Fe-12Cr-22Mn-1Ti alloy, formed at about 20% cold rolling and showed the highest damping capacity. Damping capacity showed higher value in Fe-12Cr-22Mn-1Ti alloy than one in Fe-12Cr-22Mn-3Co alloy.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.35-46
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the early use of Da-bo tap and their transformation by analyzing the various meanings of the term pagoda in Chinese translations, the Sanskrit version of the Lotus Sutra, as well as Dabotap in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang. In addition, we aim to highlight changes in Dabotap usage, which started out as residential spaces, but transformed into burial spaces over time. The details can be summarized as follows. First, early Buddhist monuments were usually either pagodas serving as burial places for the dead or shrines that were not. A Dabotap is a type of pagoda enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna, and was initially used as a residential space, rather than a burial place for the dead. Second, the terms stupa and caitya are clearly distinguished from each other in the Sanskrit scriptures, and stupa is also further classified into dhatu, sarisa, and atmabhava based on the object being enshrined. In Gyeon-bo-tab-pum, the preconditions for caitya to transform into stupa is presented by explaining that worshipping the space enshrining the body of Prabhutaratna is worthy of the same status as the space enshrining sarira. Third, the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang had been depicted from the Western Wei of the Northern Dynasties until the time of the Yuan Dynasty. It was used as a residential space until the early Sui Dynasty, but was used as both residence and burial places until the Tang Dynasty when pagodas were first being constructed with wheel or circles forms on top, which then gradually changed into stupa (grave towers).

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.11-17
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• 1981

Cholescintigraphic studies with $^{99m}Tc-HIDA$(dimethyl iminodiacetic acid) were performed in 22 cases of normal subjects, 21 of acute cholecystitis, 12 of chronic cholecystitis and 12 others, with the results of, 1) In normal control group, liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, CBD and gall bladder, and G-I tract appeared at 10, 20 and 30 minutes after intravenous injection of $^{99m}Tc-HIDA$ respectively, 2) In acute cholecystitis, 20 among 21 cases showed non-visualization of gall bladder with the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 93.2%, 95.2% and 100% respectively. 3) In chronic cholecystitis, 5 among 12 cases showed non-visualization of gall bladder and remained 7 among 12 cases showed poor contraction of gall bladder (4), delayed visualization of gall bladder (1) and normal findings (2). 4) In the other disease group, the 12 cases which initially suspected as acute cholecystitis, revealed normal scan findings to exclude the cystic duct obstruction easily, With the above results, this scintigraphic procedure was found very rapid, accurate and easily available method for the determining of the cystic duct patency.