• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.484-495
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• 2020

이 연구는 피부 각질층의 구조와 동일한 구조를 형성하는 혼합계면활성제 (MimicLipidMSM1000)로써 수크로오스다이스테아레이트, 폴리글리세릴-2다이올리에이트, 발효스쿠알란, 에르고스테롤, 10-하이드록시스테아릭애씨드로 이루어진 혼합물을 합성하였다. 이 혼합 계면활성제를 2~5wt%를 사용할 경우, 5~30층의 다중층 라멜라구조를 형성하는 인공 피부 모사체를 만들 수 있었다. 이 혼합계면활성제를 사용하여 에멀젼을 만들고, 다중층의 라멜라 상이 형성되는 것을 메커니즘 적으로 해석하였다. 이 계면활성제의 외관은 연한 갈색의 단단한 왁스이었고, HLB(hydrophilic lipophilic balance)는 12.53이었으며, 임계파라미터 값(critical parameter value)은 0.987, 산가는 0.13이었다. pH변화에 따른 안정성은 산성(3.8), 중성(7.2), 알칼리성(10.8)에서도 안정하였다. 액정의 입경은 5~25mm에서 가장 안정한 십자형 모양 (maltese cross) 라멜라액정 드롭플렛(lamellar crystalline droplet)이 형성됨을 알 수 있었다. 호모믹서의 교반속도 변화에 따른 유화입자의 크기는 2500rpm (17.9mm±2.6mm), 3500rpm (12.5mm±2.1mm), 4500rpm (6.2mm±1.8mm) 속도가 높아 질수록 작은 입자가 형성되었다. 편광현미경을 통하여 액정형성 입자를 관찰하였으며, 주사전자현미경(cryo-SEM)으로 액정의 형성 구조를 정밀하게 분석하였다. 응용분야로써, 각질층의 다중 라멜라 동일한 구조를 형성하는 피부모사체 형성 계면활성제를 사용하여 다양한 스킨케어화장료, 메이크업 케어 화장료, 두피보호용 화장료 등 다양한 처방개발에 폭 넓게 응용이 가능할 것으로 기대한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1229-1234
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• 2004

Face robots capable of expressing their emotional status, can be adopted as an e cient tool for friendly communication between the human and the machine. In this paper, we present a face robot actuated with arti cial muscle based on dielectric elastomer. By exploiting the properties of polymers, it is possible to actuate the covering skin, and provide human-like expressivity without employing complicated mechanisms. The robot is driven by seven types of actuator modules such as eye, eyebrow, eyelid, brow, cheek, jaw and neck module corresponding to movements of facial muscles. Although they are only part of the whole set of facial motions, our approach is su cient to generate six fundamental facial expressions such as surprise, fear, angry, disgust, sadness, and happiness. Each module communicates with the others via CAN communication protocol and according to the desired emotional expressions, the facial motions are generated by combining the motions of each actuator module. A prototype of the robot has been developed and several experiments have been conducted to validate its feasibility.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.383-396
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• 2000

Before the advent of early plastic or maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, facial features could only be replaced and mimicked by prosthetic, artificial means. Facial deformity or dysfunction, whether congenital or acquired by trauma or mutilating disease, has long been an area of constant research, development and innovation in many cultures of the world. One of the greatest contributors to the need for maxillofacial prosthetics has been physical conflict and warfare. The use of maxillofacial prostheses is not merely the replacement of a missing or disfigured aspect of the face, but the rehabilitation of that individual back into the society from which they originate. Rehabilitation includes the restoration of the person's self worth and confidence, not just physically but psychologically. In sixteenth century, Ambroise Pare, French military surgeon, first have tried many maxillofacial prosthetics for injured war soldiers with papier-mache, silver, gold and copper. According to patient's demand who lost their maxillofacial figures, maxillofacial personnel have increased and prosthetic's skill have been advanced all of the world. Over the last decade, there has been a very rapid development in technical possibilities to provide patients with facial prostheses retained by skin penetrating implants. This article will present overall history of maxillofacial prostheses and some background information on the materials used from the old world. And to overcome still many limitation of prosthetic, new minds and new ideas for technique and materials should be developed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.610-625
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• 2020

This study suggests an alternative breast-prosthesis-making process for female breast cancer patients. From June 2018 to July 2018, we conducted a study using nine females between the ages 40-50 who never had breast cancer. We recorded the reported subjective sensations and objective physiological responses to different types of artificial breast materials: Trulife silicon breast prostheses (TS) and hand-made silk breast prostheses (HS). Considering the materials used in TS and HS individually, we studied the subjective sensation with regards to how each material functioned in a photo (VP), movement (VM) and the visual tactility (VT) sense. The results showed that comparing VP and VT led to more significant differences than those comparing VM and VT. In addition, there was a significant difference in terms of tactile sensation when comparing TS and HS with respect to subjective responses to texture. Subjects reported that HS felt more comfortable and gave a better cooling sensation. However, the measured objective physiological responses indicated that skin temperature was higher with HS than TS when touched. This research contributes to scholarship around alternative and new materials to build breast prostheses for women with breast cancer.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 1989

This study was under taken to investigate the healing of Sa Gun Ja Tang extract (SE) and Sa Gun Ja Tang added Radix Astragali extract (SHE) on the artificial wound on rabbit skin. The granulation tissues were observed by microscope at the five day interval for twenty days. In order to understand the healing mechanism chick embryo culture was carried out in the presence of the extracts and the growth ratio and fusion index were counted. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The healing power of SE treated group on wound was more significant than the control group. 2. The healing power on wound was more effective at the SHE than the SE. 3. The growth ratio and fusion index were higher at the SHE treated groups than the SE treated groups. From the above result, SHE was more effective than the SE on wound healing activity by the mechanism of stimulating the cell growth ratio and fusion index.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.683-688
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• 2014

This paper presents a high-performance flexible tactile sensor based on inorganic silicon flexible electronics. We created 100 nm-thick semiconducting silicon ribbons equally distributed with 1 mm spacing and $8{\times}8$ arrays to sense the pressure distribution with high-sensitivity and repeatability. The organic silicon rubber substrate was used as a spring material to achieve both of mechanical flexibility and robustness. A thin copper layer was deposited and patterned on top of the pressure sensing layer to create a flexible temperature sensing layer. The fabricated tactile sensor was tested through a series of experiments. The results showed that the tactile sensor is capable of measuring pressure and temperature simultaneously and independently with high precision.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.526-526
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• 2013

Plasma technology isbeing developed for a range of medical applications including wound healing. However, the effect of plasma on many cells and tissues is unclear. Cell migration and cell proliferation are very important biological processes which are affected by plasma exposure and might be a potential target for plasma therapy during wound healing treatment. In this study, we confirmed the plasma exposure time and incubation time after plasma treatment in skin fibroblast (L-929 cells) to evaluate the optimal conditions forplasma exposure to the cell in-vitro. In addition, we used a scratch method to generate artificial wound for evaluating the cell migration by plasma treatment. Where, the cells were treated with plasma and migration rate was observed by live-cell imaging device. To find the cell proliferation, cell viability assay was executed. The results of this study indicate the increased cell proliferation and migration on mild plasma treatment. The mechanisms for cell migration and cell proliferation after plasma treatment for future studies will be discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.721-731
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• 1998

Recently, many researchers are studying the relation between thermal environment and human comfort. The purpose of this study was to obtain basic data which are necessary to determine the thermal comfort sensation and physiological responses for men in winter indoor environment. From January to February 1998, subject experiment was 40 times proceeded under twenty different conditions of air temperature and relative humidity with early-twenty male university students. We examined subjective evaluation, Electrocardiogram(ECG), Electroencephalogram(EEG) of subjects. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : The comfort zone of people in winter was achieved at Standard new effective temperature($SET^*$) $ 25.2^{\circ}C$, PMV range was obtained by Fanger's statistical calculation was －0.27＜PMV＜＋0.62, TSV range obtained subjects vote was －0.76＜TSV＜＋0.36. The largest difference of skin temperature was found at the calf area as air temperature changes. vote rate of human body presented calflongrightarrowheadlongrightarrowforearmlongrightarrowchestlongrightarrowabdo men in turn. Heart rate was decreased at low $SET^*$ and heart rate was increased at high $SET^*$ But there was no change at EEG.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2012

Polymethylmethacrylate powders are commonly used to improve the spreadability and blurring effects of powder foundation cosmetics. In this study, the opacity and haze effect of four types of polymethylmethacrylate powders and their 10wt% powder foundation formulation was evaluated. The distorted random hemispherical particulates with both concave and convex portions showed the highest haze and opacity value as a single powder substance. And as a formulated phase, the powder foundation formulation containing particulates with fine pores provided the highest haze and opacity value. We also examined the quantity of reflected light over the angular range $20-75^{\circ}$ by polarized light goniophotometry. The total reflected light intensity, surface-reflected light, and internally reflected light were characterized. These studies demonstrated that hemispherical PMMA powders produce natural brilliance by creating high internally reflected light which is similar to the total reflection profile of artificial skin.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.371-376
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• 2007

This paper presents an emotion recognition and its expression system of an intelligent robot like a home robot or a service robot. Emotion recognition method in the robot is used by a facial image. We use a motion and a position of many facial features. apply a tracking algorithm to recognize a moving user in the mobile robot and eliminate a skin color of a hand and a background without a facial region by using the facial region detecting algorithm in objecting user image. After normalizer operations are the image enlarge or reduction by distance of the detecting facial region and the image revolution transformation by an angel of a face, the mobile robot can object the facial image of a fixing size. And materialize a multi feature selection algorithm to enable robot to recognize an emotion of user. In this paper, used a multi layer perceptron of Artificial Neural Network(ANN) as a pattern recognition art, and a Back Propagation(BP) algorithm as a learning algorithm. Emotion of user that robot recognized is expressed as a graphic LCD. At this time, change two coordinates as the number of times of emotion expressed in ANN, and change a parameter of facial elements(eyes, eyebrows, mouth) as the change of two coordinates. By materializing the system, expressed the complex emotion of human as the avatar of LCD.