• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for habitat restoration by implementing a series of processes of capturing and translocating Kaloula borealis and managing them in artificial breeding facilities. The study site in Samcheon, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do was a waste landfill site in the past, and Kaloula borealis was found during the Samcheon Ecological River Restoration Project around March 2018. To restore the habitat, a plan was established to capture, translocate, artificially breed, and release Kaloula borealis at the site. The capture methods of adult Kaloula borealis were pitfall trap and drift fence, direct capture, and deep barrels. During 2018-2019, 86 adults of Kaloula borealis were captured and translocated to artificial breeding facilities. VIE-tagging was inserted under the skin for monitoring. For artificial breeding, Gryllus bimaculatus with oyster powder and vegetables were regularly supplied to feed Kaloula borealis. At the end of October 2020, 150 young Kaloula borealis raised in artificial breeding facilities were found not entering hibernation, so they were managed in a separate artificial breeding facility. Some young and adult Kaloula borealis currently hibernating will be scheduled to be continuously managed in artificial breeding facilities and released to the restored habitat in the spring of 2021.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

Postharvest skin sooty dapple and decay disease of pear fruit often originates at small stain symptoms that occurred during harvest and handling. Experiments were conducted to characterize the effect of timing of application of disease control materials, and to evaluate sequential postharvest applications of fungicides or fungicides and bio-control agents. Fungicides and bio-control agents were increasingly less effective when the period between harvest and application was prolonged. Thiabendazole (TBZ) applied to fruit without artificial wounding or inoculation effectively reduced skin sooty and decay disease when applied within 3 weeks or 6 weeks in 2 years of study. TBZ, Fludioxonil and pyrimethanil were effective in controlling skin sooty and decay disease at artificial wounds inoculated with Cladosporium tenuissimum up to 14 days after inoculation. Application of TBZ at harvest followed 3 weeks later by application of Fludioxonil was superior to application of TBZ at harvest alone. Two bacterial biocontrol agents reduced skin sooty and decay disease at pear wounds inoculated with C. tenuissimum up to 14 days after inoculation with C. tenuissimum, but were ineffective when applied at 28 days after inoculation. Of possible sequential arrangements of fungicide and bio-control treatments, application of the most effective material promptly after harvest generally resulted in the highest level of disease control.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.181-186
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• 1995

UV irradiation causes a variety of biologic effects on the skin. These effects can be devided to acute reactuons and chronic reacxtions by duration of UV irradiation. Acute reactions are erythema reaction, pigment reactions and changes in epidermal thickness. Among them erythema reaction is most common and conspicuous acute effects of the skin. Upon exposure to sun or artificial UV soures, a faint redness response of skin may begin. Larger exposure causes sunburn reaction which is exaggerated erythema reactionassociated with pain, swelling, vesicle and dulla. Extent and time course of erythema reaction depend upon several factors including wavelength and dose of UVR, skin conditions likeas skin type, site, color, temperature, humidity and environmental factors. Evaluation of erythema erythema induced by UV irradiation is difficult to quantify. Degree of redness of skin are usually estimated by subjective visual evaluation. The lowest exposure dose required to protuce erythema is called minimal erythema dose (mod). Repeated exposures of UVR result in photaging skin. In this condition we can see wrinkling, skin atrophy, dilated blood vessels and keratoses. In sensitive persons photocarcinogenesis is can Be developed on exposed area of skin. Recently skin canser is increasing now in our country. An effective public education and photopreventive method must be developed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2021

In this study, a liquid crystal emulsion with a composition ratio similar to the skin lipid composition was manufactured using ceramide, glycolipids, cholesterol, and fatty acids, and a polarized microscope was used to identify liquid crystal particles in the formulation, and a cryso-SEM was used to confirm the formation of a multilayer structure. The above samples were stored at room temperature for one month and the liquid crystal structure was continuously maintained through microscopic observation. In addition, a cream composition containing liquid crystal emulsion was manufactured, and the efficiency of ceramide skin penetration was confirmed using three-dimensional artificial skin. Clinical trials were conducted using the cream composition and the results of clinical trials on skin barrier improvement were confirmed by measuring skin moisture retention (skin hydration) and transepidermal water loss (T EWL) of subjects compared to general emulsion.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2024

The cutaneous lymphatic system in humans plays a crucial role in draining interstitial fluid and activating the immune system. Environmental factors, such as ultraviolet light and natural aging, often affect structural changes of such lymphatic vessels, causing skin dysfunction. However, some limitations still exist because of no alternatives to animal testing. To better understand the skin lymphatic system, a biomimetic microfluidic platform, skin-lymph-on-a-chip, was fabricated to develop a novel in vitro skin lymphatic model of humans and to investigate the molecular and physiological changes involved in lymphangiogenesis, the formation of lymphatic vessels. Briefly, the platform involved co-culturing differentiated primary normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) in vitro. Based on our system, Lymphanax^TM, which is a condensed Panax ginseng root extract obtained through thermal conversion for 21 days, was applied to evaluate the lymphangiogenic effect, and the changes in molecular factors were analyzed using a deep-learning-based algorithm. Lymphanax^TM promoted healthy lymphangiogenesis in skin-lymphon-a-chip and indirectly affected HDELCs as its components rarely penetrated differentiated NHEKs in the chip. Overall, this study provides a new perspective on Lymphanax^TM and its effects using an innovative in vitro system.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 2020

This paper proposes the creation of an android robot head based on the facial action coding system(FACS), and the generation of emotional expressions by FACS. The term android robot refers to robots with human-like appearance. These robots have artificial skin and muscles. To make the expression of emotions, the location and number of artificial muscles had to be determined. Therefore, it was necessary to anatomically analyze the motions of the human face by FACS. In FACS, expressions are composed of action units(AUs), which work as the basis of determining the location and number of artificial muscles in the robots. The android head developed in this study had servo motors and wires, which corresponded to 30 artificial muscles. Moreover, the android head was equipped with artificial skin in order to make the facial expressions. Spherical joints and springs were used to develop micro-eyeball structures, and the arrangement of the 30 servo motors was based on the efficient design of wire routing. The developed android head had 30-DOFs and could express 13 basic emotions. The recognition rate of these basic emotional expressions was evaluated at an exhibition by spectators.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2012

Purpose: The forehead flap is the workhorse in nasal reconstruction, which provides a similar skin color, texture, structure, and reliability. There are some disadvantages, including donor site morbidities, 2- or 3-stage operations, and postoperative management after initial flap transfer. Furthermore, there has been little attention to the exposed raw surface wound, after the first stage of an operation. This article describes the authors' modification to overcome this problem, using artificial collagen membrane. Methods: An Artificial collagen membrane is composed of an outer silicone membrane and an inner collagen layer. After a forehead flap elevation, the expected raw surface was covered by an artificial collagen membrane with 5-0 nylon suture. A simple dressing, which had been applied to the site, was changed every 2 or 3 days in an outpatient unit. At 3 weeks postprocedure, a second stage operation was performed. Results: With biosynthetic protection of the raw surface, there were no wound problems, such as infection or flap loss. Thus, the patient was satisfied due to an effortless management of the wound and a reduction in pain. Conclusion: The application of an artificial collagen membrane to the raw under-surface of the flap could be a comfortable and a protective choice for this procedure.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.58-63
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• 1999

Biodegradable films were prepared by solution blend method in the weight ratio of chitosan for the purpose of useful biomaterials. The possibility of biomaterials prepared from natural polymer as a skin substitute was evaluated by measuring biocompatibility. These films were inserts in the back of rat and their biodegradability was investigated by the film weight and hematology as a function of time for the biotransformation. The result of rat test showed that medium, high viscosity chitosan induced some suspects of inbiocompatibility in the tissue by goreign body reaction 48 and 72 hours after implantation. Also, we prepared the official burn ointment which is made by low viscosity chitosan. This burn ointment was covered on the skin wound of artificial burn and their effect of healing was investigated by the evaluation of the naked eye and hematological change as a function of time. The result of rats test showed that burn ointments made from chitosan was effective reductio of inflammation than negative group.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.110-113
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• 2001

Post-harvest diseases of kiwifruit caused severe damages on the fruits during storage, transportation, marketing and consumption. Phomopsis sp. was reported to be one of the major causal organisms of post-harvest fruit rots of kiwifruit. Symptoms of stem-end rot caused by Phomopsis sp. appeared at the stem-end area of the fruit as it ripened. The brown pubescent skin at the area became soft and lighter in color than the adjacent firm healthy tissues. A watery exudate and white mycelial mats were frequently visible at the stem-end area forming a water-drop stain down the sides on the dry brown healthy skin. When the skin was peeled back, the affected flesh tissue was usually watersoaked, disorganized, soft and lighter green than the healthy tissue. Phomopsis sp. was consistently isolated from the diseased fruits, and its pathogenicity was confirmed by an artificial inoculation test on healthy fruit of kiwifruits. The mycological characteristics of the telemorph state of the fungus produced on potato-dextrose agar were in accordance with those of Diaporthe actinidiae. This is the first report on the occurrence of a telemorph state of D. actinidiae as the causal organism of stem-end rot of kiwifruit in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.137-144
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• 2021

In this study, to analyze whether artificial regulation of apoptosis in the development of somatic cells can affect the stable growth and development of cells, 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20α-HSD) and rapamycin were treated to induce apoptosis and autophagy in the both skin and muscle cells. Respectively, and 3-methyladenine was supplemented to inhibit cell death. Our results show that stimulation with rapamycin activated autophagy in both types of cells, but increased apoptosis more than autophagy in the case of skin cells. These results indicate that there was a difference in the expression of survival factors and cell development depending on the type of cell. In particular, in the expression of autophagy-related gene (MAP1LC3A) was higher than that of Casp-3, an apoptosis factor. Furthermore, cell development was the highest in all cell groups cultured by artificially inducing autophagy, however the lowest in the apoptosis-inhibited group. Especially, the noteworthy result of this study was that when apoptosis was induced using 20α-HSD, it was possible to induce apoptosis in both skin and muscle cells. Therefore, the main point of this study is that apoptosis induced during cell culture plays a pivotal role in cell remodeling.