• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.690-697
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• 2006

This study has been carried out to estimate mean concentration and the daily intake of 2 artificial sweeteners (aspartame and sucralose) by analyzing food samples. Total number of samples was 755 and the number of samples detected for sweeteners was 33 (detection rate was 4.4%). Contribution rate to total estimated daily intake (%) of artificial sweeteners in food categories was high in candy for aspartame and sucralose. Total Estimated Daily Intakes $({\Sigma}EDI)$ for different age groups were high in $13{\sim}19$ years old for aspartame and $7{\sim}12$ years old for sucralose. Total estimated daily intakes $({\Sigma}EDI)$ of men and women were 5.10 mg/person/day and 4.88 mg/person/day, respectively. Total estimated daily intakes $({\Sigma}EDI)$ of artificial sweeteners were shown as follows; 3.75 mg/person/day for aspartame and 1.27 mg/person/day for sucralose, respectively and assuming a body weight of 55 kg. These values were ranged from $0.15{\sim}0.17%$ of acceptable daily intake (ADI) evaluated by FAO/WHO and $1.0{\sim}21.4%$ of theoretical maximum daily intake (TMDI), and therefore, judged to be safe.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-37
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• 2006

This study was carried out to examine the Korean housewives' recognition and consumption type about organic and instant food. The questionnaire were answered by the housewives in Seoul, Kyunggi-do and Chungcheong-do areas. 94.1% of the housewives were aware of the organic food and 71.7% were consuming it. However, majority(95.9%) thought the price was too expensive. The biggest reason why the housewives did not purchase organic food was the high price(43.8%). But 60.6% of the housewives bought organic food because of its safety. The most preferred organic food type of the housewives was vegetable and lettuce was most consumed organic vegetable. Instant food was used by 96.7% of the housewives. 29.9% used instant food once a week, and the number of using instant food from one to seven times a week were 73.8%. Time saving was the biggest reason(51.3%) of using instant food, but 72.4% of the housewives did not buy instant food because of its artificial color, added preservatives, and the low safety level. Housewives liked fish and meat products(37.4%) and awareness of the names of companies made difference in consuming. There were significant correlation between food expenses and purchase of organic food, and between housework and organic food, and between housework and number of uses (p<0.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2017

Pollen germination and its' viability in bellflower hybrid system are of great importance. The present study was conducted to investigate the several factors underlying the pollen germination of Platycodon grandiflorum and obtain the basic data for effective artificial pollination for the production of sound specifies. The pollens of Platycodon grandiflorum started germination from one hour after planting, and the germination was actively progressed as time dependent manner. For lighting conditions, the germination of pollens under the light was faster by more than twice than that without the light. Furthermore, the germination was better in the high temperature rather than in the low temperature. The germination rate was higher in the $30^{\circ}C$. For the carbon source, the germination rate was better at the concentration of 15% regardless of the kinds. In particular, the highest value was observed with glucose. The germination rate was decreased substantially as the increasing with the higher pH. The dynamic germination of pollens was observed at the pH 5. With respect to the growth regulator, the higher concentration of NAA induced the higher the germination rate. $GA_3$ showed a good germination rate in $0.05mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Meanwhile, for kinetin, lower concentration increased the germination rate, unlike NAA. The higher concentrations of boric acid degraded the germination rate, and the addition of boric acid of $10mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ demonstrated higher germination rate than the addition of other growth regulators. Notably, the addition of asparaginic acid exhibited the similar results in all test sectors regardless of concentration, whereas a little higher result was observed in the high concentration sector. Taken together, the results concluded that the boric acid was considered as one of the essential minerals that played an important role on the germination of pollens.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.487-492
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• 2002

Low-fat and sugar-free (LFSF) cookies were developed for patients with metabolic syndrome X, such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertention, using artificial sweeteners (mixture of aspartame and saccharin), pectin and herb extracts such as Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce, Schizandrae Fructus and Lycii Fructus, without sugar and fats. LFSF cookies were composed of 7.5 : 1 of aspartame and saccharin, 5% pectin, 49% protein, and 5% herb extracts, with reduced fat level. The values for area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance tests were significantly lower in 90% pancreatomized-(Px, n = 8) and sham - operated (Sham, n = 8) rats which consumed LFSF cookies, than the control, which consumed regular cookies. Blood glucose levels were higher and the peak levels were significantly lower in the LFSF cookies group than the control group of Px and Sham rats. Blood glucose levels of healthy female college students (n = 10) at 30 and 60 min after the consumption of 30 g LFSF and regular cookies were not different, but they were significantly lower in the LFSF-cookies group in diabetes patients (n = 10). In conclusions, LFSF cookies was considered as a good snack for diabetic patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1481-1487
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• 2016

Lactic acid bacteria showing alginate-degrading and cellulolytic activity were isolated and identified as a starter for seaweed fermentation. A total of 331 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from various Korean traditional foods, such as Kimchi, Jeotgal, and Makgeolli, were examined alginate-degrading and cellulolytic activity by the plate assay method. Six strains showed strong alginate-degrading and cellulolytic activity among the isolated 331 strains. Among these six strains, four strains (strain No. 162, 164, 192, and 196) showed probiotic properties (antimicrobial activity, tolerance to simulated gastric juice, artificial bile acid, and NaCl). No. 192 strain (Gram-positive cocci, catalase negative, and homofermentative) showed the best probiotic properties among selected strains and was identified as Enterococcus faecium by 16S rRNA sequencing. Strain No. 192 (E. faecium) showed the best growth and antioxidative activity during seaweed (sea mustard and sea tangle) fermentation for 72 h at $37^{\circ}C$ among the four selected strains.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2003

The present study was designed to compare the nutritional status of hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Subjects were 58 HD patients (male/female = 29/29) and 33 CAPD patients (male/female = 23/10) undergoing dialysis treatment in Artificial Kidney Unit of Chonbuk National University Hospital. For nutritional assessment, %IBW (ideal body weight), %TSF (tricep skin fold), %MAC (mid arm circumference), %MAMC (mid arm muscle circumference), serum albumin, serum transferrin, TLC (total lymphocyte count), SGA (subjective global assessment) and estimated energy and protein intakes by 1-month food frequency method were used. Between HD and CAPD group, mean age (50 $\pm$ 12 vs. 52 $\pm$ 12 yr), dialysis durations (37 $\pm$ 36 vs. 30 $\pm$ 26 mon), dietary energy intakes (28.3 $\pm$ 9.0 vs. 28.8 $\pm$ 8.6 kcal/kg/day), dietary protein intakes (1.1 $\pm$ 0.4 vs. 1.2 $\pm$ 0.3 g/kg/day) and incidence of co-morbid conditions (69.0% vs. 69.7%) were not significantly different. Data by using SGA showed a higher incidence of malnutrition in CAPD patients (45.6%) than in HD patients (36.2%). %IBW (p < 0.001), %TSF (p < 0.001) and %MAC (p < 0.001) were higher in CAPD patients than were in HD patients. But serum albumin (p < 0.001) and transferrin (p < 0.001) were significantly lower in CAPD patients than were in HD patients. A higher incidence of malnutrition was shown in CAPD Patients than in HD Patients due to different dialysis type. A significant finding was that CAPD showed protein deficient malnutrition and HD did calorie deficient malnutrition. It suggests that an adequate dietary intake considering dialysis type prevents a prevalence of malnutrition.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.543-547
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• 2001

The hot water extraction(HWE) has many problems such as a low extract yield and a reduced flagrance by excessive heating during concentration process notwithstanding it has been the general method to get the extract from the traditional chinese medicines Astragalas manbranaceus Bunge and Angelica gigas Nakai. For that reason, adopted the alcohol extraction In this research and got the good results of the 65% and 75% extract yield of Astragalas manbranaceus Bunge and Angelica gigas Nakai respectively, 15% and 36% increased compare with 50% and 39% (w/w) of HWE. The differences of extraction process between the HWE and alcohol extraction is substituting alcohol for water of extraction were concentrated at the relatively low temperature 90$\^{C}$ compare with the thermal extraction temperature 104$\^{C}$ . This alcohol extract, has the outstanding effect collecting the original fragrance at the low temperature. Applying this extract to starch syrup and beverage, expected that those contain a sufficient flavor as well as fragrance without artificial spices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2006

The effect of vitamin E supplementation on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level, total antioxidant level and reproductive performance in Murrah buffaloes was studied during periparturient period. Twenty-four advance pregnant buffaloes were randomly divided into four equal groups as $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ and were supplemented with 0, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (Merck) from 60 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum and 0, 500, 750 and 1,000 IU from 30 to 60 days postpartum, respectively. Blood samples were collected at -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of parturition and were analyzed for plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and total antioxidant activity (TAA). The intake of DM, CP and TDN did not vary among different groups. Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and TAA around parturition (-7 to 15 day) in $T_3$ and $T_4$ were significantly higher than the control group. There was 17% reduction in retention of fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis in $T_4$ than control. The post partum estrus interval averaged 58.00, 55.33, 51.83 and 43.00 days in $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ respectively. There was significant reduction in days open in both $T_3$ and $T_4$ in comparison to $T_1$ group (127,130 Vs.146). All the vitamin E supplemented groups showed reduction in days open than their previous lactation performance. Supplementation of vitamin E at $1,500IU\;d^{-1}$ from 60 day prepartum to 30 day post partum to buffaloes exhibited beneficial effect on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level and TAA around parturition and continuation of its supplementation at $1,000IU\;d^{-1}$ from 30 to 60 days of lactation improved post partum reproductive performance of buffaloes.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.678-685
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• 2001

Although breastfeeding is recognized to be vital to the health and well-being of children and women, the rate of breastsfeeding among Korean women has continuously decreased. One barrier to breastfeeding has been identified to be associated with health care providers. Health care professionals do not give sufficient advice and encouragement, next do hospitals provide supportive environments for breastfeeding by separating infants from mothers or providing formula. The purpose of this study was to investigate prenatal breastfeeding education and infant feeding practices in public health centers and baby-friendly hospitals. A telephone survey was carried out on 57 public health centers located in the Seoul and Chungcheong areas and 13 baby-freindly hospitals from February to April in 2000. Among the public health centers, 43.8% offered periodic prenatal education for pregnant women who visited the centers. Most of them used leaflets or pamphlets developed by the Ministry of Health and Welfare or UNICEF. Twenty six percent of the public health centers developed their own educational materials. All of the 13 baby-friendly hospitals gave additional fluids to infants, did not allow mothers and infants to stay together 24 hours a day, and did not foster the establishment of breatfeeding support groups among the mothers. Most of the baby-friendly hospitals gave artificial teats, did not help mothers initiate breastfeeding within a half-hour of birth. Findings indicate that current practices even in the baby-friendly hospitals are not consistent with the '10 steps to success breastfeeding'. Therefore, deliberate efforts should be made to incorporate adequate breastfeeding education into prenatal program in both public health centers and hospitals, and create environments to support breastfeeding in hospitals, even in baby-friendly hospitals.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2017

Purpose: Clinical symptoms associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) can vary widely. Carrier state without apparent symptoms is relatively common during infancy. The objective of this study was to determine the association of C. difficile colonization with bowel habit change and the effect of C. difficile colonization treatment on restoration of normal bowel habit. Methods: Between 2006 and 2014, infants at 1 to 12 months of age with diarrhea for more than 2 weeks who did not improve with conservative care were recruited from Gachon University Gil Medical Center. Infants who were followed up for at least 7 days were included. The presence or absence of C. difficile colonization, effect of metronidazole, and other medical records were reviewed. To determine the association between CDI and bowel habit change, logistic regression analysis was used. Results: Of a total of 126 infants, 74 (58.7%) were male patients. Of the 126 patients, 27 (21.4%) had C. difficile colonization. Significant (p<0.05) risk factors for C. difficile colonization included artificial milk feeding (odds ratio [OR], 4.310; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.564-11.878), prior rotavirus vaccination (OR, 4.322; 95% CI, 1.018-18.349), and antibiotic use (OR, 4.798; 95% CI, 1.430-16.101). There was improvement in bowel habit after metronidazole therapy (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.79; p<0.05), regardless of the presence or absence of C. difficile colonization, Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between bowel habit change and C. difficile colonization during infancy. However, metronidazole can be used as an optional method to manage functional gastrointestinal disorders.