• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 1975

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of various compositions of artificial diet for silkworms on the cocoon shell fibroin-hydrolyzing with the proteolytic enzyme. The obtained results are summarized as follows： 1. It was found that the fibroin-hydrolyzing ratio of the cocoon shell made by silkworms fed with artificial diets was lower than that of the cocoon shell made by silkworms fed with natural diet (mulberry leaf) 2. The amount of soybean meal in the artificial diet was negatively related to the sericin content of cocoon shell but it scarcely affected on the fibroin-hydrolyzing ratio. 3. The increase of sucrose in the artificial diet reduced the sericin content of cocoon shell but it didn't influence on the fibroin-hydrolyzing ratio. 4. A significant difference between male and female silkworms fed with artificial diets was found in the sericin content of cocoon shell but it was not approved in tile fibroin-hydrolyzing ratio. 5. The artificial diet containing 8 per cent of mulberry leaf powder increased the fbroin-hydrolyzing ratio more than that containing 10 per cent of mulberry leaf powder or that containing 8 per cent of mulberry leaf powder and a little of methionine did. 6. The artificial diet for all instars of silkworms increased the fibroin-hydrolyzing ratio more than the artificial diet for 1st to 3rd instars and natural diet (mulberry leaf) for the rest instars did.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2014

The effect of an artificial diet on developmental rate, a life history parameter, was examined for the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus. Artificial insect diets are an essential component of many insect rearing systems that produce insects for research purposes. Complex agar-gelled diets are generally prepared in large batches and used shortly after preparation because the degradation of perishable diet ingredients, such as vitamins and fatty acids, can adversely affect insect quality (Brewer 1984). However, the timing of diet preparation may be inconvenient, and large batches wasteful, if the unused excess is discarded. The percentage of pupation varied considerably, with no significant differences among diets, on which a maximum pupation percentage of 83% was observed. Pellet-type diets were investigated with the aim of developing a more easily prepared diet. The extrusion of the artificial diet under high temperature and pressure may induce desirable chemical and physical changes in the extruded product. The purpose of the present study was to develop an artificial diet for rearing P. xuthus.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 1991

The water striders, gerris paludum insularis larvae which were fed with the drosophila melanogaster cultured on the appli diet and artificial diet, were reared in the growth cabinet controlled as the two constant temperature regimes of 25 c and 30 c under the condition of photoperiod 16l : 8d, light intensity 510 240 lux, relative humidity 65 3%, and in the natural state. The effects of temperature and diet on the devolopment of g. paludum insularis were analyzed and the results were summarized as follows. 1. The total developmental period of the water strider larvae fed with the d. melanogaster reared on the apple diet at the natural stste was the longest 40 days, and the total devopmental periods at 25 c and 30 c were 35 days and 27 days respectively. The tolal developmental period of larvae fed with d. melanogaster reared on the artifical diet at 25 c was the longest 42 dats, and the total developmental periods at natural stste and 30 c were 32 days and 27 days, respectively. 2. In the larval developmental stages, the fifth stage was longer than that of any stage. The duration of egg stage which was not influenced by diet at 25 c was the longest. 3. The water strider larvae fed which the d. melanogaster reared on the artificial diet at 25 c did not complete their devolopment. 4. No significant difference was odserved in the developmentperiod for diet at 30 c. but, there were significant differences in developmental periods for diet at 25 c and natural state. 5. The rate of adult emergence on the apple diet was higher than that of the artificial diet was higher than of the artificial diet. 6. The shapes of the survivorship curve were convex-curve. 7. The development periods of the larval stages of water striders might be affected to temperature and diet dependently.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 1977

This study carried out to know whether corn shank can be used as the crude fiber source for the larval growth or not, The results obtained from this study are summarized as follows: 1. It seems that there are no bad effects of the artificial diet containing corn shank on feeding of the newly hatched larva. 2. Author did not find any bad effects of the artificial diet containing corn shank on larval growth and cocoon qualifies. 3. In view of these results, it seems that the corn shank is suitable for use as the crude fiber source for the silkworm artificial diet.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 1981

It is necessary to improve new silkworm variety suitable for the artificial diet different from the mulberry leaves in physical and chemical natures. The silkworms fed on artificial diet show low productivity in general. So the effectiveness of selection for cocoon characters was studied when the silkworms were reared on the artificial diet for several generations. The results obtained are as fellows: 1. There is no correlation between the cocoon shell weight and the cocoon shell percentage in female cocoons of both Sa and Y strains but in male cocoons. 2. No correlation exists between the weight of a cocoon and a cocoon shell percentage of male cocoons in Sa strain. 3. There is a specific effect of the artificial diet on selection between Japanese and Chinese strains compared with the mulberry leave rearing. 4. The cocoon quality of first generation in artificial diet rearing was very inferier to that of previous generation in mulberry leave rearing in both Sa and Y strains, but the effect of selection rapidly increased in first and second generation.5. Very high mortality was noted in 4th generation to the degree of hardness for successive generation. 6. From 6th generation to 10th generation, the effectiveness of selection for cocoon characters increased continuously except the cocoon shell percteage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.2
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• pp.305-308
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• 2012

The box tree pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis, was reared on an artificial diet based on dried powder of box tree leaves, Buxus microphylla var. koreana, and INSECTA F-II (Nihon Nosan Co., Ltd) at a ratio of 3:7 (w:w) and analyzed in their developmental characteristics from $1^{st}$ to $4^{th}$ generation. The developmental period of larva reared on artificial diet was longer than that of larva reared on host plant. Significant difference in larval period was also observed between $1^{st}$ and other generation groups. Pupation rate was the highest in $4^{th}$ generation followed by $3^{rd}$, $2^{nd}$, $1^{st}$ and host plant group. Significant difference in pupal period was noted between $1^{st}$ and 3rd generation group. Emergence rate was the highest in $4^{th}$ generation group followed by $3^{rd}$, host plant, $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ generation group. There is a significant difference in male and female size between $1^{st}$ and $4^{th}$ generation group. Our result indicated that stable rearing of box tree pyralid through the year is possible by artificial diet, and the best adaptation to artificial diet was achieved at $4^{th}$ generation.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 1972

It was first succeded in rearing the silkworm on the artificial diets in Japan in 1960. Since then, the researches on the artificial diets have been carried out intensively but the artificial diets have not been applied to the silkworm rearing practically till now. There are difficulties in rearing the silkworm on the artificial diets, such as uneven silkworm growth, higher production cost and decay. The results were not satisfactory, but the author hopefully expects that the artificial diet rearing would be possible for maintaining normal silkworm growth throughout improvement of diet composition, rearing techniques and aseptics add to the diets. Especially the author considered that the aseptic rearing will contribute to the research of sericultural science. Within a few years, the artificial diet rearing would be applied to the practical silkworm rearing.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1979

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of $\alpha$-amylase, added to artificial diet, on the larval growth and on the amount of blood sugar of the silkworm Bombyx mori L.. The artificial diet containing 20% mulberry leaf powder was fed on the 5th instar silkworm. The results obtained were summarized follows: 1. The digestibility in both sexes was increased by feeding artificial diet with $\alpha$-amylase and increase of the digestibility was greater in the female than in the male. 2. Larval body weight was increased in the female but was the male, compared with those in each sex of the control, respectively. 3. There was an increase of the single cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight, as compared with that of the control. 4. It was evident that the artificial diet containing $\alpha$-amylase was more effective than the control, and the effect of the diet was considerable higher in the female than in the male. 5. The amount of the blood sugar on the 7th day of 5th instar was decreased as compared with that of the control.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 1980

The effect of dietary white ginseng on growth of silkworm larva was studied with several young and grown silkworm larvae divided into four groups and fed ad basal artificial diet containing different levels of ginseng extract. The four levels of ginseng extract added to basal artificial diet were: 0 (control), 46.6, 139.9 and 279.8 mg per g of dry diet. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The body weight of silkworm larvae fed ad basal artificial diet containing different levels of ginseng extract was increased in 46.6mg ginseng extract level, 139.9mg ginseng extract level and 279.8mg ginseng extract level order. The body weight was greatly increased in 46.6mg ginseng extract level than in control. It is, therefore. considered that a little white ginseng was effective for larval growth in silkworm rearing with artificial diet. 2. The blood sugar content of silkworm larvae fed on an artificial diet containing several levels of ginseng extract was remarkably decreased as compared wilt that of the control silkworm larvae.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.35-53
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• 1974

A series of experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the level of dietary Protein (soybean meal) and carbohydrate (sucrose) on the growth rate, feed efficiency, nutrients digestibility and amylase activity of larvae at 5th instar. The results obtained from the experimentation are summarized as follow： (1) It was found that the body weight gain, cocoon quality and feed efficiency of the 5th instar larvae were significantly affected by the level of protein and carbohydrate in the artificial diet. Present data revealed that the proper level of dietary protein and carbohydrate would be the most important factor for the optimum growth of larvae. (2) In the amount of diet consumption, the group of larvae gained more body weight consumed more diet than the group gained less amount of body weight. (3) Digestibility of nutrients was improved as the level of protein in the diet increased, although the level of dietary carbohydrate did not exert any positive results. (4) It was observed that the amylase activity in digestive juice was stimulated by the increasement of dietary carbohydrate. However, no correlation between the level of dietary protein and carbohydrate was detected in the amylase activity. (5) Analytical data indicated that the amount of protein or carbohydrate excreted through feces and urine was proportional to the content of protein or carbohydrate in artificial diet. The group o( larvae consumed the diet contained high protein excreted more protein and less nitrogen free extract than did the group received low protein diet. Likewise, the group of larvae fed high dietary carbohydrate excreted more nitrogen free extract and less protein through excreta than the group consumed low carbohydrate diet group. (6) Although the amylase activity of the larvae received the artificial diet was higher than the larvae received natural diet (mulberry leaf), the rate of body weight gam and the quality of cocoon produced from the natural diet group was better than the artificial diet group. It is, thus, concluded that feeding the larvae by the artificial diet may net be recommendable. (7) It was determined that the best level of protein (soybean meal) and carbohydrate (sucrose) in artificial diet was found to be 40g and 0g, respectively when it was fed to the 5th instar larvae. (8) It may be concluded from the results obtained that the artificial diet that could stimulate the activity of amylase nay not be recommendable for the practical larvae feeding Purpose due simply to the Poor economic return from this diet than natural diet.