• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제26권5호
• /
• pp.658-665
• /
• 2002

This paper presents a new winding method in electronic descaling (ED) technology. Conventional ED technology Produces an oscillating electric field via Faraday's law to provide the necessary molecular agitation to dissolve mineral ions. However, the proposed method produces an additional agitation force for mineral ions, called Lorentz's force. Experiments were performed using various Renolds numbers. A series of tests was conducted to measure the pressure drop across the test section and the overall heat transfer coefficient as a function of time. In order to accelerate the rate of fouling, artificial hard water, 1000ppm CaCO$_3$, was used throughout the tests. The results show that the new winding method accelerates the collision of the mineral ions, thereby improving the system efficiency. The present study can develope more effective fouling-removing equipment with change of estabishment method of coil.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.248-255
• /
• 2006

Among a variety of influencing components, time-variant seepage and long-term underground motion are important to understand the abnormal behavior of tunnels. Excessiveness of these two components could be the direct cause of severe damage on tunnels. however, it is not easy to quantify the effect of these on the behavior of tunnels. These parameters can be estimated by using inverse methods once the appropriate relationship between inputs and results are clarified. Various inverse methods or parameter estimation techniques such as artificial neural network and least square method can be used depending on the characteristics of given problems. Numerical analyses, experiments, or monitoring results are frequently used to prepare a set of inputs and results to establish the back analysis models. In this study, a back analysis method has been developed to estimate geotechnically hard-to-known parameters such as permeability of tunnel filter, underground water table, long-term rock mass load, size of damaged zone associated with seepage and long-term underground motion. The artificial neural network technique is adopted and the numerical models developed in the firstpart are used to prepare a set of data for learning process. Tunnel behavior especially the displacements of the lining has been exclusively investigated for the back analysis.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2315-2320
• /
• 2007

This paper presents an investigative study on the efficacy of a new physical water treatment (PWT) technology using an oscillating electric field to mitigate mineral fouling in heat exchangers. Parallel graphite electrode plates immersed in water were used to generate the electric field directly in water. Artificial hard water at 500 ppm hardness was used in all fouling tests. The inlet temperatures were maintained at 23.5${\pm}$0.5$^{\circ}C$ and 85${\pm}$0.5$^{\circ}C$ for cold and hot water sides, respectively. The results at a cold water-side velocity of 0.3 m/s showed a 16-60% drop in fouling resistances from the baseline test depending on the frequency of the electric field for the PWT-treated cases.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2022년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.149-149
• /
• 2022

Accurate quantitative evaluation of baseflow contribution to streamflow is imperative to address seasonal drought vulnerability, flood occurrence and groundwater management concerns for efficient and sustainable water resources management in watersheds. Several baseflow separation algorithms using recursive filters, graphical method and tracer or chemical balance have been developed but resulting baseflow outputs always show wide variations, thereby making it hard to determine best separation technique. Therefore, the current global shift towards implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in water resources is employed to compare the performance of deep learning models with conventional hydrograph separation techniques to quantify baseflow contribution to streamflow of Piney River watershed, Tennessee from 2001-2021. Streamflow values are obtained from the USGS station 03602500 and modeled to generate values of Baseflow Index (BI) using Web-based Hydrograph Analysis (WHAT) model. Annual and seasonal baseflow outputs from the traditional separation techniques are compared with results of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) and simple Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models. The GRU model gave optimal BFI values during the four seasons with average NSE = 0.98, KGE = 0.97, r = 0.89 and future baseflow volumes are predicted. AI offers easier and more accurate approach to groundwater management and surface runoff modeling to create effective water policy frameworks for disaster management.

• 한국패류학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 2012

2001년 8월 8일부터 12월 5일까지 말백합 대량 인공종묘 생산 실험을 실시하였다. 채란은 평균각장 $65.8{\pm}8.4mm$의 어미 100 개체로부터 공기노출과 수온상승자극 방법으로 채란 하였으며, 수정란에서 D형유생까지 발생 소요시간은 수온 $27^{\circ}C$에서 17시간 40분, 발생률은 6.1%, D형유생은 각장 $131.4{\pm}2.6{\mu}m$였다. D형유생은 4일간 사육하여 각장 $190.2{\pm}7.5{\mu}m$의 침착기 유생으로 성장하였고, 생존율은 48.1%였다. 이후 침착기 유생 130,000 개체를 저면 모래순환여과 방법으로 침착시켜 사육하였으며, 46일째 평균각장 $3.1{\pm}0.8mm$, 87일째 $6.6{\pm}1.8mm$, 그리고 114일째에 $10.5{\pm}0.9mm$로 성장하였다. 치패의 각장 (SL) 에 대한 각고(SH) 의 상대성장식은 SH = 0.8501SL + 0.0196 ($R^2=0.9987$)로 나타났다. 초기 침착치패인 각장 3.1 mm 이하에서 대량폐사가 일어났으며, 생존율은 사육 46일째 53.8%, 87일째 43.6%, 그리고 114일째에 51,000 개체가 생존하여 생존율 39.2%를 나타냈다.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제66권3호
• /
• pp.545-550
• /
• 2017

As an alternate technique for water softening, high voltage impulse (HVI) is introduced and verified if it can control the $CaCO_3$ scale formation in industrial water treatment. After HVI was applied to the artificial hard water containing $100{\pm}5mg/L$ $Ca^{2+}$ for 4 hours, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and the electrical conductivity were measured. The concentration of $Ca^{2+}$ was reduced from 94.5 to 86.3 mg/L (8.7% reduction) after 4 hour contact of HVI under 5 kV condition. The $Ca^{2+}$ was decreased from 92 to 77.7 mg/L (15.6% reduction) at 8kV and from 90.1 to 75.4 mg/L (16.3% reduction) at 12 kV condition. Both of the contact time and the applied voltage were important parameters affecting the calcium ion reduction. With these results, it was verified that HVI technique could be potential candidate for control of $CaCO_3$ scale formation.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제66권7호
• /
• pp.1066-1071
• /
• 2017

Recently high voltage impulse (HVI) technique has been extensively studied for desalting processes to control the $CaCO_3$ scale formation in industrial water practices such as power plant, boiler, and heat exchange operations. Investigation of the operational parameters for the HVI is important, however, those had not been reported yet. In this study, the effect of initial feed volume and contact time on reduction of calcium ion concentration by the HVI technique was investigated. Initial feed volumes of artificial hard water which contained 100 mg/L of $Ca^{2+}$, were set to 1, 2, and 3 L respectively. After 24hr of HVI contact with 12kV, $Ca^{2+}$ ion was reduced to 50, 29 and 19 % of their initial concentration, indicating that calcium removal increased as initial feed volume decreased. This implies the applied HVI pulse energy per unit mass of calcium is important parameter determining overall desalting efficiency. A series of extended operations of HVI up to 30 days verified the long term stability of the HVI system. The calcium ion declined to 40 mg/L after 2~3 days, and further reduction of calcium was not achieved, indicating that optimum operation time could be 2~3 days under these experimental conditions. Consequently, it was confirmed that the important operational parameter of HVI technique is initial feed volume and contact time as well as the applied voltage that was already proven in the previous study.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권9호
• /
• pp.1149-1156
• /
• 2001

The objective of the present study is to investigate the performance of electronic scale mitigation unit(ESMU), which reduces the amount of scale in a heat exchanger. The circular tube with diameter of 19mm and plate-and-frame heat exchangers with 20 thermal plates were used for the tests. In order to accelerate the rate of scale in a laboratory test, artificial hard water of 1000ppm(as CaCO$_3$) was recirculated at a flow rate of 5 lpm, 7 lpm, and 9 lpm throughout the tests. The effect of ESMU on the scale thickness and overall heat transfer coefficients was examined. The test results showed that the ESMU could reduce the scale deposits even in the acceleated test.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집B
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2000

The objective of the Present study is to investigate the performance of electronic scale mitigation unit(ESMU), which reduces the amount of scale in a heat exchanger. A plate heat exchanger with 20 thermal plates is used for the tests. In order to accelerate the rate of fouling in a laboratory test artificial hard water of 2000 ppm(as $CaCO_3$) is recirculated at a flow rate 5L/min throughout the tests. The overall heat trans(or coefficients and fouling factors are examined. Results show that the ESMU technology can significantly reduce the scale deposits.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.331-341
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 섬유보강 콘크리트의 실무 적용을 위한 성능 평가에 대해 재료 시험으로 낭비되던 시간과 노력을 최소화하고 적용에 있어서의 이론적인 배경을 확보하기 위해, 기존의 가이드라인 및 시험 기준에 따른 실험 결과의 수집과 통계적 분석을 통한, 콘크리트의 압축강도에 기반한 주요 특성들을 특정하기 위해 수행되었다. 섬유보강콘크리트는 다양한 변수에 영향을 받게 되므로 이론적인 접근이 어려운 측면이 있어 본 연구에서는 현재 실무에서 다방면으로 사용되고 있는 100MPa 이하의 압축강도를 가지는 콘크리트를 중심으로 0.25%에서 2% 사이의 강섬유 혼입량에 대한 압축강도와 인장강도 시험을 수행하였다. 인장강도 시험은 표준기관에서 정하고 있는 시험방법인 쪼갬인장강도와 휨인장강도에 대해 수행하였다. 섬유보강콘크리트의 재료시험 결과 쪼갬인장강도와 휨인장강도 모두 압축강도의 증가에 따라 증가하는 추세를 보였으며 강도의 증진률은 압축강도 증가와 함께 감소하는 추세를 보였다. 또한섬유의 혼입량 증가는 인장강도의 증가를 유발하는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 압축강도 증가에 따른 인장강도 증진률 감소를 막아 콘크리트 압축강도 증가에 선형적으로 인장강도가 증가하도록 해주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 기존 연구들로부터 구축한 데이터베이스를 통한 섬유보강콘크리트의 기계적 성질에 대한 검토를 수행하였다. 다양한 변수에 따른 인장강도의 추정을 위해 인공신경망을 적용하였다. 인공신경망은 multi layer perceptron으로 구성하였으며 전달함수로는 sigmoid 함수를 사용하였고 역전파 알고리즘을 통해 학습을 수행하였다. 인공신경망을 사용한 콘크리트 인장강도의 추정 결과 시험 결과와 추정결과가 유사하게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 인공신경망에서 결합력이 큰 변수들은 물-시멘트비와 섬유의 혼입량으로 나타났으며 섬유보강콘크리트의 인장강도는 물-시멘트비에 영향을 받는 압축강도와 혼입량을 통해 추정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.