• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Epigeic arthropods participate in ecological functions as predators, decomposers and herbivores. The purpose of this study was to investigate the responses of some dominant arthropods in rice fields to different forms of agricultural land management. METHODS AND RESULTS: The abundance of microarthropods was compared between rice fields and uplands in the non-growing season. Collembola, Oribatida and Mesostigmata were more abundant in the upland fields than in the paddy fields. The community composition and diversity of epigeic arthropods were compared between fallow and rice fields. The total abundance and species richness of spiders and ground beetles were not significantly different in the two types of agricultural fields. The abundance of Arctosa kwangreungensis was greater in fallow fields than in cultivated fields. The community structure of arthropods was compared between paddy fields with and without barley. The cropping system altered the community composition of spiders but not their biodiversity. Barley cultivation increased the abundance of ground beetles but decreased that of spiders. We suggest that this contrast was partly due to the availability of plants that provided shelter and food for ground beetles. CONCLUSION: These results show that soil use intensity and cropping system alter the community composition of epigeic spiders and ground beetles. This could result in ecosystem-level alterations with respect to the control of pests and weeds. Our results also suggest that biodiversity of ground-dwelling arthropods may not increase during short fallow periods.

• 환경생물
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2016

산지초지의 관리 강도가 약해지면서 다양한 식물 군락이 형성되었다. 초본 군락은 흰겨이삭 - 큰조아재비 군락, 왕포아풀 군락, 김의털 군락 및 애기수영 군락이었고, 목본 군락은 덤불조팝나무 - 꼬리조팝나무 군락이었다. 군락에 따라 토양 미소동물 및 지표면 서식 절지동물의 군집 차이가 관찰되었다. 토양 화학성은 식물 군락에 따라 달랐으며, 이차적으로 다른 생물군에 영향을 주었다. 토양 선충은 같은 식성이라도 목 단위에서 다른 반응을 나타냈으며, 식물 섭식성 선충은 애기수영과 밀접한 관계를 보였다. Collembola나 Oribatida와 같은 미소절지동물의 밀도가 다른 것은 기질이 되는 유기물이나 미생물의 양이 식물 군락에 따라 다르기 때문인 것으로 추측된다. 지표면 서식 절지동물은 식물 군락별 군집 특성이나 종 수가 달랐다. 이것은 식생 구조와 구성이 절지동물의 다양성에도 영향을 준다는 것을 보여준다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제50권
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• pp.20.1-20.9
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• 2020

Arthropods have an open circulatory system with a simple tubular heart, so it has been estimated that the contractile pumping structure of the cardiac muscle will be less efficient than that of vertebrates. Nevertheless, certain arthropods are known to have far superior properties and characteristics than vertebrates, so we investigated the fine structural features of intercalated discs and cardiac junctions of cardiac muscle cells in the black widow spider Latrodectus mactans. Characteristically, the spider cardiac muscle has typical striated features and represents a functional syncytium that supports multiple connections to adjacent cells by intercalated discs. Histologically, the boundary lamina of each sarcolemma connects to the basement membrane to form an elastic sheath, and the extracellular matrix allows the cells to be anchored to other tissues. Since the intercalated disc is also part of sarcolemma, it contains gap junctions for depolarization and desmosomes that keep the fibers together during cardiac muscle contraction. Furthermore, fascia adherens and macula adherens (desmosomes) were also identified as cell junctions in both sarcolemma and intercalated discs. To enable the coordinated heartbeat of the cardiac muscle, the muscle fibers have neuronal innervations by multiple axons from the motor ganglion.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.221-227
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• 2015

This study was carried out to measure seasonal changes in the community structure and species composition of marobenthos in the intertidal area of Dokdo. The macrobenthos identified during this study was comprised of 36 species: predominately 25 species of mollusks(69.4 %), 6 species of arthropods(16.7 %), 3 species of echinodermata(8.3 %) and 1 species of cnidaria (5.6 %). The number of marobenthos species ranged from 27 in Spring to 33 in Autumn. In terms of the top 10 dominant species, there were 7 species of mollusks and 3 species of arthropods in the this study. After analyzing the bray-curtis similarity, it was divided into two large groups(A, B). Such group classification matched the SIMPROF(Similarity Profile Analysis) and the one-way ANOSIM(Analysis of similarities) analysis.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2013

This study was conducted to examine the community structure of ground beetles between coniferous- and deciduous-dominant forest in agricultural landscapes, in Miryang-si, Yeongdong-gun, Icheon-si, and Cheolwon-gun during April to October in 2009. A total of 19 species belonging to 15 genera of 9 subfamilies were identified from 6,253 collected ground beetles. Dominant species from 4 regions were Synuchus nitidus (3,715 individuals, 59.4% of total) and Synuchus cyloderus (1,783 individuals, 28.5%) respectively. Non-metric multidimensional scaling based on Bray-Curtis similarity showed that ground beetle assemblage was not different between forest stands, but it was significantly different among regions. Overall, forest stands of secondary forests may not show a different community structure of ground beetle assemblages in our study. However, monitoring on the ground beetle fauna as well as other arthropods of secondary forests in agricultural landscapes is still important for the management and conservation of biodiversity, because forests provides important habitats for many predatory arthropods, such as ground beetles, spiders and rove beetles.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제50권
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• pp.16.1-16.11
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• 2020

Silk is produced by a variety of insects, but only silk made by terrestrial arthropods has been examined in detail. To fill the gap, this study was designed to understand the silk spinning system of aquatic insect. The larvae of caddis flies, Hydatophylax nigrovittatus produce silk through a pair of labial silk glands and use raw silk to protect themselves in the aquatic environment. The result of this study clearly shows that although silk fibers are made under aquatic conditions, the cellular silk production system is quite similar to that of terrestrial arthropods. Typically, silk production in caddisworm has been achieved by two independent processes in the silk glands. This includes the synthesis of silk fibroin in the posterior region, the production of adhesive glycoproteins in the anterior region, which are ultimately accumulated into functional silk dope and converted to a silk ribbon coated with gluey substances. At the cellular level, each substance of fibroin and glycoprotein is specifically synthesized at different locations, and then transported from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus as transport vesicles, respectively. Thereafter, the secretory vesicles gradually increase in size by vesicular fusion, forming larger secretory granules containing specific proteins. It was found that these granules eventually migrate to the apical membrane and are exocytosed into the lumen by a mechanism of merocrine secretion.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2010

간벌 후 하층식생과 낙엽층에 큰 변화가 일어나기 때문에 이로 인한 식식성 절지동물이나 부식성 절지동물의 변화가 예상된다. 1998~2000년(과거 간벌)과 2007년(최근 간벌)에 간벌이 실시된 춘천의 30~50년생 잣나무 조림지를 대상으로 함정트랩법으로 2006년과 2008년에 조사를 실시하였다. 절지동물의 밀도와 군집구조의 변화를 분석한 결과 과거 간벌의 영향은 나타났으나 최근 간벌의 영향은 발견되지 않았다. 간벌로 인한 영향이 부식성 절지동물에서 가장 높은 빈도로 나타났고 그 다음으로는 식식성 절지동물이 높았으며, 포식성 절지동물에서 가장 낮았다. 부식성 절지동물의 다양한 변화는 확인이 되었으나, 식식성 절지동물의 증가는 일부 분류군(식식성 메뚜기목)에서만 발견되었고, 감소한 식식성 절지동물(바구미과)도 있었다. 간벌로 인해 밀도가 증가하는 분류군과 감소하는 분류군의 상쇄효과로 인해 절지동물의 전체 밀도는 변화가 없었다. 군집구조의 경우 연도에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받았고, 과거 간벌의 영향이 다음으로 강했으나 최근 간벌의 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.121-133
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 국내 호두나무 재배지에 대한 절지동물의 군집 구조를 파악하고, 주요 해충과 천적의 종류 조사를 위해 수행하였다. 또한 조사방법(털어잡기, 깔때기트랩 및 함정트랩)에 따른 다양성 및 군집구조를 비교하였다. 이를 위해 김천시, 부여군 및 화성시에서 호두나무 재배 농가 1곳씩을 선정하였고, 2016년 5월부터 9월까지 조사하였다. 조사 결과, 총 408종 4,372개체의 절지동물이 채집되었고, 이중 전체 조사지역에서 채집된 종은 63종이었다. 깔때기트랩에서 가장 다양하게 절지동물이 채집되었으며, 함정트랩에서 가장 많은 절지동물이 채집되었다. 또한 깔때기트랩과 털어잡기에 의해 채집된 종 구성은 서로 유사한 특징을 보였다. 본 연구를 통해 지역별로 주요 해충의 발생양상이 다르게 나타났는데, 특히 복숭아명나방, 뽕나무깍지벌레, 호두나무잎벌레, 꽃매미, 미국선녀벌레 및 갈색날개매미충이 잠재적으로 중요한 해충이 될 것이라 생각된다. 이외에도 다수의 포식성 및 기생성 절지동물들이 확인되었고, 이들에 대한 정보들은 향후 호두나무 포장의 관리에 있어 중요한 기초 자료가 될 것이다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.463-477
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• 2019

This study was conducted to compare the community structure and biodiversity of epigeic spiders between pear fields cultivated by integrated pest management (IPM) and organic methods. This is the first study of this kind to be conducted in Korea. Eighty-four spider species from 22 families were identified among the collected 2,489 arthropods, with 754 individuals being sampled from IPM fields and 1,735 individuals from organic fields. Generally, Theridiidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Agelenidae, Gnaphosidae, and Salticidae were the dominant spider families in the pear orchard regardless of the farming methods, and species richness and abundance were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields. The dominant species were the wolf spiders (Lycosidae) and stone spiders (Gnaphosidae), and their cumulative abundance was 70.7% in IPM fields and 72.7% in organic fields. The community structure between organic and IPM fields was heterogeneous, with a 45% similarity level. Biodiversity, species richness, abundance, and species diversity index were higher in organic fields than in IPM fields, and significantly different between the farming methods. Seasonal fluctuations in biodiversity were similar in both IPM and organic fields. The species richness and species diversity index increased and the abundance decreased in the second half of the cultivation period. This study on the community structure and biodiversity of epigeic spiders, which form one of the most important predator groups, will provide principal ecological and faunistic information required to maintain the biodiversity of useful arthropods in agricultural ecosystems and help implement sustainable agriculture based on the active use of natural enemies.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.335-343
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• 2015

유전자변형 작물이 절지동물에 미칠 수 있는 잠재적인 부정적 영향은 유전자변형 작물의 주요한 환경위해성의 하나로 여겨지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 PPO (protoporphyrinogen oxidase) 저해 제초제 내성 유전자변형 벼가 절지동물에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 절지동물의 다양성과 군집구조를 조사하였다. 절지동물은 야외포장에서 벼의 생육기간 동안 황색점착트랩을 이용하여 채집하였다. 유전자변형 벼는 채집된 절지동물군집의 다양도 지수에 유의한 영향을 주지 않았다. 또한 다변량분석(PerMANOVA, NMDS) 결과에서도 절지동물군집 구조는 채집시기에 따라 달랐지만 벼의 유전형(유전자변형 또는 비변형)에 의해 영향을 받지 않았다.