• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.155-164
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• 2017

PURPOSES : Owing to the growth of income and socio-economic levels, demands from road users have diversified. Accordingly, new road policies are being actively sought. The metropolitan city government of Busan has been focused on constructing and expanding roads to accommodate the increasing traffic demand. Given the increase in functional characteristics, we need to re-evaluate the hierarchy and function of roads, and specifically remodel the road planning and operations that fit into their functions. METHODS : First, this study focuses on introducing the minimum condition required to redefine the hierarchy of the roads. Second, the authors propose a new model that identifies the impact level of road hierarchy adopting discriminated analysis technique. RESULTS : Authors suggest that we redefine the hierarchy of roads in the central business distinct in Busan, and specifically the arterial roads in Busan, namely, Joonang-daero and Gaya-ro. These roads need to be reequipped with cross walks, a lower speed limit, and exclusive bus lanes to improve their accessibility. CONCLUSIONS : The authors found that the sub-arterial and collector roads have been subjected to excessive loads, owing to inappropriate functions being assigned to the main arterial road. Moreover, given that through traffic is concentrated on the sub-arterial and collector roads, over-speeding and other safety issues are consequently created.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.395-402
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• 2008

Road traffic noise causes considerable disturbance and annoyance in exposed inhabitants. Particularly, arterial road noise is a significant environmental problem in many urban areas in which higher traffic volume and higher car speed occur. Arterial road noise became the target of this investigation in Seoul, South Korea. Noise levels were measured at four points that were based on distance from roadside at the same measurement site and under the conditions as reported by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) in 1999. The average noise levels ($L_{eq,1h}$) of the arterial road was 80.3 dBA at 5 m, 77.4 dBA at 10 m, 73.7 dBA at 20 m, 70.9 dBA at 30 m. A comparison between 1999 and 2008's measurement values has shown that in 2008 noise level is up by about 1.5 dBA, traffic volume has increased by about 15.7%, while car speed has decrease by about 8%. The relationship between 2008' measured values and predicted values using the NIER Equation is low under 10 m from the roadside. The influence range of arterial noise is calculated at 26 m for road noise limits in daytime. In relation to the comparison between traffic volume and noise level, the equivalence in traffic volume (Light car+10xHeavy car) is higher than other variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.101-112
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• 2009

Recently, with the existing speed-management by law enforcements and physical speed-reduction facilities, the country newly adopted Driver Feedback Sign (DFS) system, which displays driving speed in order to guide the driver to an advisable driving condition. DFS is mainly used in school zones due to reasons related to the ITS. Accordingly, because it is predictable that DFS will result in speed-reduction without legal forces and would have an effect on physical speed-reduction facilities, intersection, crosswalks, and road-alignments, this study will try to verify the efficiency of DFS by researching the vehicle speed in national highways and school zones, which have similar conditions to the urban arterial road. In consequence, on national highways, the drivers had a tendency to travel according to the road-environment such as urban arterial road and not reduce speed voluntarily. In school zones, drivers tend to reduce speed in mornings and afternoons when children travel to school or home, showing that the resulting effect is different according to the road-environment where DFS is installed, and the time slot of the DFS.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2013

PURPOSES : The intents of the study are to identify the accident factors and to demonstrate the potentials of tobit model as a tool to study the number of accidents on arterial roads segments. METHODS : This paper uses a tobit regression as a methodology to analyze the factors affecting the number of accidents. In pursuing the above goal, this study gives particular attentions to analyzing the data of 2,446 accidents (1,610 in major arterial roads and 836 in minor arterial roads) occurred on arterial roads in 2007 to 2010. RESULTS : First, 3 accident models which were classified by total arterial roads, major arterial roads and minor arterial roads, and were all statistically significant were developed. Second, the exclusive right-turn lane as common variable, and the number of accident, traffic volume, number of lanes, link length, rate of median, number of entrances, number of pedestrian crossings, number of curves, number of bus stops and exclusive left-turn as specific variables of the models were selected. Finally, the paired sample t-test could not be rejected the null hypotheses of three types of models. CONCLUSIONS : Using data from vehicle accidents on arterial roads, the estimation results show that many factors related to roadway geometrics and traffic characteristics significantly affect to the number of accidents.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.111-118
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• 2014

PURPOSES: The purposes are to analyze the pedestrian accident severity and to develop the accident models by arterial road function. METHODS: To analyze the accident, count data and ordered logit models are utilized in this study. In pursuing the above, this study uses pedestrian accident data from 2007 to 2011 in Cheongju. RESULTS : The main results are as follows. First, daytime, Tue.Wed.Thu., over-speeding, male pedestrian over 65 old are selected as the independent variables to increase pedestrian accident severity. Second, as the accident models of main and minor arterial roads, the negative binomial models are developed, which are analyzed to be statistically significant. Third, such the main variables related to pedestrian accidents as traffic and pedestrian volume, road width, number of exit/entry are adopted in the models. Finally, Such the policy guidelines as the installation of pedestrian fence, speed hump and crosswalks with pedestrian refuge area, designated pedestrian zone, and others are suggested for accident reduction. CONCLUSIONS: This study analyzed the pedestrian accident severity, and developed the negative binomial accident models. The results of this study expected to give some implications to the pedestrian safety improvement in Cheongju.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.8 no.2 s.16
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• pp.42-49
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• 2002

Since legislation of Rural Minor Road Improvement Act 1990, a quarter of its total length had been paved now. However, over 80% of arterial road length(national+provincial roads) had been paved, so, road improvement policy should be focussed on the local road(county+rural minor roads) from now. Generally, in the greater part of coastal plain and island areas, arterial road intensity(total road length/total catchment area) is relatively low, but local road intensity is relatively high. So, in terms of balanced development, much more efforts for rural minor road improvement should be concentrated in coastal plain and islands areas. In Chonnam Province, the maximum differentials of minor rural road improvement ratio was over 20%(the lowest; 14.1% in Goheung, the highest; 35.6% in Goksung) in 1999, but the improvement budget have been allocated in proportion to unpaved road length of each county by the provincial government. However, the differentials should not be fairly narrowed in the near future if the present budget allocation policy be maintained. To solve this problem, target differentials of rural minor road improvement between regions should be set up for each planning year and road improvement budget be allocated according to this policy change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.47-56
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• 2013

The present study proposed a methodology to analyze the networking efficiency of arterial road networks. The methodology was motivated to design three-dimensional networks and to analyze the networking ability quantitatively, which is a novel approach compared to existing methods depending on the two-dimensional network definition and the qualitative analysis for improving arterial road networks. The method considered the interdependence between high-level freeways and low-level highways, the ITS-based information for traffic and road conditions, and the physical networking. These three factors were quantified by a networking index (NI), and the networking efficiency was measured by a networking rate (NR). The present study proved that the networking efficiency (NR) was influenced by travel information sharing (i.e., ITS) and physical factors. This supports the fact that the integrated improvements of physical and ITS factors are necessary for an arterial road. The proposed method was applied for an actual arterial road network. It was found that the nation-wide NR was higher than that for the metropolitan area, which might be due to the difficulty in switching between high- and low-level networks and the lack of ITS functions in the metropolitan area.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.32-38
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• 2018

Studies on classification of national roads have been continued, but there is little research on the classification of urban arterial roads. Due to the increase of traffic volume, urban arterial roads do not perform well as main roads. In this paper, the function of urban arterial road was established by using cluster analysis using traffic characteristics. Traffic characteristics such as traffic volume, weekend coefficient and speed coefficient were used to establish the functions of 55 main arterial roads in Seoul. The results of this paper are compared with those of the method using AADT. The method using AADT classifies the characteristics according to the traffic volume of the whole lane. In this paper, however, the results are derived using the traffic volume per lane reflecting the actual traffic volume. In addition, the functional classification of the arterial roads in Seoul was compared with the results of this paper to verify that the traffic characteristics were reflected. As a result, the method presented in this paper is more effective in showing traffic characteristics than the current highway functional classification method, and the functional classification system will be helpful for road extension and planning design.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2017

PURPOSES: This study aims to analyze the impact of the implementation of a school zone traffic safety improvement project on the number of accidents involving children in these zones. METHODS : To analyze the correlation between school zone traffic safety features of roads in the zone and the number of accidents involving children, we developed an occurrence probability model of traffic accidents involving children by using a binary logistic regression model with SPSS 23.0 software. Two separate models were developed for two zones: interior block and arterial road. RESULTS :The model depicted that in the case of the interior block, shorter sidewalk width, speed bump, and an elevated crosswalk were key factors affecting the occurrence of accidents involving children. In the case of arterial roads exceeding a width of 12 m, the speed limit, roadside barriers, and red paving of road surfaces were found to be the key factors. CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study can serve as the elementary research data to help improve the effectiveness of school zone traffic safety improvement projects and school zone road repair projects in future.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.85-92
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• 2018

PURPOSES : In this study, analyze the characteristics of IOC indicator 'threshold' which is needed when evaluating the traffic signal operation status with ESPRESSO in various grade road traffic environment of Seoul metropolitan city and derive suggested value to use in field practice. METHODS : Using the computerized database program (Postgresql), we extracted data with regional characteristics (Arterial, Collector road) and temporal characteristics (peak hour, non-peak hour). Analysis of variance and Duncan's validation were performed using statistical analysis program (SPSS) to confirm whether the extracted data contains statistical significance. RESULTS : The analysis period of the main and secondary arterial roads was confirmed to be suitable from 14 days to 60 days. For the arterial, it is suggested to use 20 km/h as the critical speed for PM peak hour and weekly non peak hour. It is suggested to use 25 km/h as the critical speed for AM peak hour and night non peak hour. As for the collector road, it is suggested to use 20 km/h as the critical speed for PM peak hour and weekly non peak hour. It is suggested to use 30 km/h as the critical speed for AM peak hour and night non peak hour. CONCLUSIONS : It is meaningful from a methodological point of view that it is possible to make a reasonable comparative analysis on the signal intersection pre-post analysis when the signal operation DB is renewed by breaking the existing traffic signal operation evaluation method.