• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.167-192
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• 2012

본 연구는 항해용선계약상 목적지표시의 원칙과 그 운용에 대해 Merida호 사건을 중심으로 분석하는 것에 목적이 있다. 선박이 항에 있거나 용선자의 자유재량으로 선박의 도착이 즉각적 또는 효과적으로 용선자의 이용에 맡길 수 있는 선석으로 즉각 도달하거나 또는 그와 같은 위치에 있는 선박은 도착선이 된다. 선박이 용선계약의 조건에 의해 화물을 선적 또는 양하할 의무가 있는 장소에서 지연이 발생한 경우 선박이 선석 또는 항에 있는지의 여부에 불구하고 특정 목적지의 식별표시는 화물의 선적 또는 양하함에 있어 지연에 의해 발생한 손해사고에 대해 영향을 미친다. Merida호 사건은 2009년 4월 20일 용선자가 2명의 저명한 중재인의 최종중재재정에 대해 상소한 사안이다. 2007년 2월 5일 본선 Merida호에 대해 용선자와 선박소유자 간에 체결한 항해용선계약은 Berth Charter이기 보다는 Port Charter이었다. 선주와 용선자 간에 이 차이에 대한 기본적인 관련성은 선적항과 양륙항에서 선박혼잡에 의해 발생한 지연위험의 분담이다. 이 상소에서 제기된 법적 쟁점으로서 중재인이 이 용선계약은 Port Charter이며 Berth Charter가 아니라는 판정을 내릴 수 있는 권리가 있는지 여부이었다. 중재인은 용선자가 하역준비완료통지서의 유효성에 대해서는 논쟁하지 않았다는 것을 판정하면서 따라서 본 용선계약은 Port Charter라고 판정하였다.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1983

A study is made, in the framework of linear potential theory, to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional wave-energy absorbers as like the Salter's duck and an oscillating cam with Lewis-form section, which undergo uncoupled heaving and rolling motions in an incident linear gravity wave in deep water. Wave energy is supposed to be extracted by a linearly damped generator with an spring. Some well-known formulae in ship hydrodynamics such as Haskind-Newman relation and Bessho-Newman relation are utilized in forms of Kochin functions to derived expressions for efficiency, breaking effect and drift force of the absorber. Maximum ideal efficiency of 100% can be arrived at an prescribed tuning frequency. Coupling effect is also examined to assess the detrimental effect of sway on efficiency. From numerical calculations for both types of two-dimensional devices it may be concluded that a wave-energy absorber functions at the same time as a wave breaker and that the drift force acting on the device becomes smaller when it absorbs wave energy than as it oscillates freely. Finally the study is extended to an infinite array system, equivalent to a body in a canal, to show that all incident wave energy can be absorbed regardless of the absorber's size, only if the optimum space and the optimum condition of control are realized.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.31-37
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• 1982

Developing a minimum wave resistance hull form which is satisfying the given requirements such as displacement and speed is one of the important problems in ship hydrodynamics. The theoretical approach conducted by Pien was successful in developing an optimized hull form, however, which can not be applied directly to practical hull form without manual lines fairing process. To avoid this difficulty, source distribution which arrived after the optimization was put into a fictitious restricted channel and as a result practicably modified hull form was derived by stream line tracing. The wave resistance of the hull thus obtained was calculated by solving the simplified integral equation suggested by Kan. The resistance at design point is almost same with that of the original hull which was represented by source distribution on the vertical rectangular center plane. It is therefore recommended to use the derived hull form for the hull which obtained after manual lines fairing process at Pienoid method. Further researches both in theory and experiment are necessary before this concept is put into practical application.

• 수완나부미
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-94
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• 2010

Even Faxian(法顯)'s Gaosengfaxianchuan (『高僧法顯傳』) and Iching(義淨)'s Nanhaijiguineifachuan (『南海寄歸內法傳』) are regarded as very important and useful documents to study the southeast asian buddhist culture, it is very difficult to grasp the contemporary state of those area because their descriptions are very brief and implicit. Therefore this essay aimed an in-depth reading their documents as original texts of modern understanding of those area, and tried to make a new views to approach the southeast asian buddhist culture by some more historically and concretely. At the early 5th century when Faxian(法顯) arrived, Buddhism was flourished in Sri Lanka. Because already a long time passed since the Saṇgha was schismatized into conservative and progressive at around the dominical year, he mentioned nothing about the conflict or disharmony of two orders. And the faith of Buddha tooth relic, which had been uprisen at 50 years ago from Faxian's visiting, was concretely established as a representative religion of Sri Lanka. According to his record, the carrying ritual of this Buddha tooth was performed very magnificently as similar with recent Korean Youngsan ceremony(靈山齋). In the mean time, it looks there were many sculptures of Buddha image made of precious stone of special product from Sri Lanka. The faith of Buddha-pāda(the Buddha's foot-prints) was also generalized at that time. The most famous monk of his contemporary Sir Lanka was Buddhaghosa, the author of Visuddhi-magga, but it is not sure that Faxian had met him. It can be suspected that the funeral in which Faxian participated could be belonged to him, or the Visuddhi-magga was writing at the peak during Faxian's staying. On the way to return to China, Faxian embarked an indigenous ship around Indonesia. It means there were no chinese trade ship which he can use. So the trade between china and southeast asia was advanced by south asian ships, and the chinese ships were not yet joined at that time so activity. And at least until that time, it looks there were no any remarkable buddhist movement in the southeast asian countries by where he stopped. In contrast, the southeast asian world which be seen by Iching had already experienced a lot of changes. He was impressed by the high quality buddhist culture of those area, and insisted to accept it to china. Further, he analyzed the sects of buddhism which were prevalent around the southeast asia in his contemporary time, and tried to make a good relationship with each native monks for learning from them. It looks the center of those exchanges may be Śrīvijaya of Indonesia. He also mentioned the situation of the late 7th century's Funan(扶南) in Cambodia. At that time, the buddhist Saṇgha was oppressed by newly rising Khmer(眞臘). On the other hand, he described the points of sameness and difference in detail between Indian and southeast asian buddhist culture in the field of ritual as like the practical use of garments, buddha images, and daily recited scriptures. There must be a lot of another aspects which this essay couldn't gather up or catch from these documents. Nevertheless, I hope this essay can help the researchers of this field and will wait for any advices and comments from them.