• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.589-601
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• 2000

A simplified analysis procedure utilizing the strut-tie modeling technique is developed to take a close look into the post-elastic deformation capacity of beam-column connections in ductile reinforced concrete frame structures. Particular emphasis is given to the effect of concrete strength decay and quantity and arrangement of joint shear steel. For this a fan-shaped crack pattern is postulated through the joints. A series of hypothetical rigid nodes are assumed through which struts, ties and boundaries are connected to each other. The equilibrium consideration enables all forces in struts, ties and boundaries to be related through the nodes. The boundary condition surrounding the joints is obtained by the mechanism analysis of the frame structures. In order to avoid a complexity from the indeterminacy of the truss model, it is assumed that all shear steel yielded. It is noted from the previous research that the capacity of struts is limited by the principal tensile strain of the joint panel for which the strain of the transverse diagonal is taken. The post-yield deformation of joint steel is taken to be the only source of the joint shear deformation beyond the elastic range. Both deformations are related by the energy consideration. The analysis is then performed by iteration for a given shear strain. The analysis results indicate that concentrating most of the joint steel near the center of the joint along with higher strength concrete may enhance the post-elastic joint performance.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.101-105
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to figure out the trends of the community facilities patterns in the designated apartments through the method of analyzing a case of a community housing yet to be open to its tenants. The thesis is based on document research and analysis of apartments categorized into five different groupings all in a status of being a prospective dwelling. The conclusion of the case study results as follows. Firstly, the distribution of a plan is either centrifugal or widespread. Secondly, the elevation plan contains its facilities in the basements or low-rise floors. Thirdly, sports facilities such as an indoor driving range, a fitness club and a GX-room and a open square on the outer space were unifiably common to all five groupings. In conclusion, in light of the facility patterns shown in the five extracted groupings of apartments, it seems that it will be difficult for all residents to benefit from the public facilities because the facilities are perceived as being limited to only a specific tower which hampers the improvement of the quality of life of the rest of the tenants and dampens an active social gatherings. Therefore, the public facilities must be planned and constructed to meet the satisfaction of the residents in whole, in place of being a commercially lucrative space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.307-322
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• 2015

This study develops textile designs and cultural fashion products with the image of 'Youngguchunhwa', which means the beautiful spring flowers of Jeju. Historical literature was reviewed to emphasize the authenticity of Halla Mountain and Youngguchunhwa. Consumers' responses to Halla Mountain, Baengnokdam, and Royal Azalea related to Youngguchunhwa were evaluated along with photos of Halla Mountain and Youngguchunhwa images upload on Internet during the last 2 years. The results of consumer survey and photo analysis confirmed the consumers' high preference and high association with the image of Jeju. The full-blown Royal Azaleas in the Seonjakjiwat field of Halla Mountain were used as motifs for the development of Jeju cultural products as a representative landscape showing the beautiful spring of Jeju. Six types of textile designs were developed by the repeated arrangement of the basic patterns of Halla Mountain, Baengnokdam, and Royal Azalea. Ladies' apparels products, children's wear, bags and cushions were made using oxford cotton fabrics printed with the textile designs. We suggest how pattern designs of the Youngguchunhwa image could be applicable and used for the development of other kinds of Jeju tourism souvenirs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.85-89
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• 2005

Within a short period of time of evangelical activities in Korea, the Korean Christianity has been explosively grown since 1884. Now Korea became one of the top countries exporting many missionaries to other countries. We call the 1970s and after as the time of diversity in Korean churches and those buildings. In this period, Korean churches have grown larger and bigger, so called mega-churches. Including Yoido Full Gospel Church, Seoul with 10,000 seats, there are 22 mega-churches in Korea out of the world top 50 mega-churches. Having the necessity of knowing the composition of worship space of mega- or super-mega-churches, we analyzed and classified the information of mega-churches which were built after 1970s. We collected resources through blueprints, visitations of buildings, and interviews by phone, For this study and research, we selected total 66 churches. Based upon the existing theories, we categorized the plane of worship space, its axis, the arrangement of attendant seats, the location of the choir, and the pattern of a cross section of buildings. We also brought the conclusion of specific characteristics given through the analysis according to the time period, the style, and the denomination of megachurches.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.705-725
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• 2015

A Beoseonbongip is a pouch that holds patterns for making Beoseons. This study aimed to identify the aesthetic and symbolic contents of the embroidery patterns by analyzing the kind, combination types, expression and arrangement types of patterns. In total, 140 Beoseonbongip artifacts, which were mostly made in the Joseon Dynasty, were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results indicated that about 83% of the total had flower patterns. Various kinds of embroidery patterns used for Beoseonbongips were newly identified. About 73% of the total had different kinds of patterns. Pattern combination types were identified by the kinds of patterns, the number of paired patterns, and the traditional painting styles used. The patterns of Beoseonbongips were expressed schematically more than realistically or abstractly. Beoseonbongips with different patterns on the four triangle tips of the front face and Beoseonbongips with the same/similar patterns on two opposite tips of the front face were observed more than the other types. On the back face, the embroidery patterns were symmetrically arranged, showing various division structures. It was inferred that wishes (e.g., marital harmony, fertility, good health and longevity, happiness, and wealth and fame) were expressed through the symbolic patterns embroidered on the Beoseonbongips. In terms of Korean traditional beauty, the union with nature, the harmony of yin and yang, symmetric balance, and neatness were also emphasized as a esthetic characteristics of Beoseonbongips.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.21-47
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• 2004

There is general agreement that the Korean health care delivery system has two basic structural problems. One is the limited capacity and role of public hospitals, and the other is the absence of functional differentiation and referral arrangement between the clinics and hospitals of various technological sophistication levels. This study is intended to make an empirical observation of the system's growth process from the viewpoint of the population ecology model of organizations so as to understand the background of these problems and to find out ways of approaching them. As predicted from the population ecology model of organizations, all the types of medical care facilities have expanded in response to the environmental changes for the past three decades or so, and the differences in the extent and pattern of expansion among the types are related to what have taken place in the environment. These findings suggest that the efforts for reforming the health care delivery system should be directed not only to medical care institutions but also to the environmental context under which they function. It is believed that the usefulness of the population ecology perspective on organizations for studying the health care delivery system has been demonstrated. Thus further studies along this line based upon more strict design would improve systematic understanding of the system that is needed for developing policy approaches needed to increase its effectiveness.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.147-155
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• 1999

In this work, the defrosting characteristics of PTC heating sheet used as a defrosting heat source of fin-tube heat exchanger in a refrigerator have been experimentally compared with those of conventional electric heater. It is found that the characteristics of water draining rate with defrosting time show smoothly oscillating pattern when PTC heating sheet is used, and the drained water is completely melted. The defrosting efficiency of the PTC heating sheet is about 75%, which represents about 25% higher than that of the electric heater. A reduction of defrosting time and an increase of defrosting efficiency may be obtained by improving the arrangement of heating elements of the heating sheet. It is shown that the defrosting time of PTC heating sheet increases linearly with the amount of frost, however the defrosting efficiency is nearly constant. In the application to the refrigerating system, one should notice the fact that the defrosting performance of PTC heating sheet may be defraded due to the repeated operations.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2011

As development of exhibition, it has been an important issue to analyze exhibition for the next success of exhibition. A lot of existing researches have focused on the exhibitor's and visitor's satisfaction problem. However, the exhibitor's satisfaction and success of exhibition come from the analysis of exhibition in the network level. Booths composing exhibition are regarded as nodes in network, so the trace of visitors visiting booths can construct the arc of networks. The purpose of this study is to analyze the booth visiting pattern and components of network through social network analysis using data collected in the $17^{th}$ International KIDS & EDU EXPO for Children. This research is the first approach of network-leveled analysis of exhibition, and the result of network analysis is helpful to support the booth arrangement in next exhibition. Our analysis results the following implications. First, Booths with high degree centrality or betweenness centrality should be deployed in the wide space or corner of the exhibition hall. Finally, booths within a block should be deployed in the same space of the exhibition hall to provide convenience to the visitors and to enhance exhibition performance.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.73-81
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to carry out POE of assisted living housing and suggest the design guidelines for the housing complex for the elderly. The subjects were residents(old persons) and staff who lived or worked in three assisted living housing in Cincinnati, Ohio. Interview and survey method using questionnaire were used. The design guidelines for the housing for the elderly were suggested as follows: 1) the location of the housing for the elderly should be in or near the existing housing area, 2) the arrangement of spaces of the housing for the elderly should consist of small groupings rather than large and long corridor pattern, 3) the number of the housing units for the elderly should be small, under 100 units, 4) the housing units should be used by one older persons so that she/he could have the chance of privacy and personalization, 5) various common spaces such as art and craft room or game room should be provided, 6) accessibility should be considered, 7) the color and patterns of interior finishes should be differentiated according to floors or spaces and familiar ones should be used to make a homelike environment.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.11-22
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• 2016

In Germany, during the modern architectural movements diverse experiments for the propagation of modern housing solutions were conducted that succeeded to the spirit of Bauhaus. Therefore, the study traced how Walter Gropius adopted the trends of architectural style and aesthetic, the concept of production, the concept for new typology of housing, and issues in urban architecture. According to the results, processes to the 'sachlich' style could be seen in the cases of early and latter works of detached houses and further aesthetic changes of later works. Second, Gropius expanded his design field from detached houses to multiple dwelling and it was accompanied by typological transformation of buildings considering the industrialization and production of housing. Third, in the cases of multiple dwelling, it could be identified that site planning of housing complexes and building arrangement reflected a shift from traditional urban pattern to new alternatives suitable for mass housing supply. Thus, changes in the genealogy and propensity of German residential designs were partly summed up and their implications on modern housing architecture were discussed.