• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.166-185
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• 2013

After analyzing the location, arrangement, inner structure, and form of the hunting pit in the Bronze Age, this paper sets up three types and talks about types of hunting pits. After analyzing the types of the hunting pit, three types of hunting pits are derived: mountain district - large group's arrangement - long oval - I II type(A), mountain district - arrangement in a line - oval - I type(B), flat area - arrangement in a line - oval - I III type(C). Literature, the ways in hunting pits, the purpose of the installations, and the characters are studied and compared with those of the anthropological cases. Even though hunting pits of types A and B are constructed to hide and get protein and bone of animals for breeding, there are differences in the ways in hunting and characters. Type of A seems to be constructed only for occupation that is the standardized hunting method on a small works. However, type B is the chasing method to hunt as a group and it has various purposes including main occupation. For example, it is for improving the war skills by practicing the hunting strategies and cooperating with the people. In addition, it is for getting a sacrifice for god. The type C hunting pit is estimated that it plays a role to protect themselves from invasion. It's inferred that there are many purposes for military defense and protection of people or animals within the village. It is the reason why the construction is spread in hunting pit including various purposes in the Bronze age that originates in social and economical specialization like the increase in agricultural productivity and appearance of a chief.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.5 s.89
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• pp.843-852
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• 2005

Presently, test results and stress-strain models for poorly confined high-strength columns, more specifically for columns with a tie volumetric ratio smaller than $2.0\%$, are scarce. This paper presents test results loaded in axial direction for square reinforced concrete columns confined by various volumetric ratio lateral ties including low-volumetric ratio. Test variables include concrete compressive strength, tie yield strength, tie arrangement type, and tie volumetric ratio. Local strains measured using strain gages bonded to an acryl rod. For square RC columns confined by lateral ties, the confinement effect was efficiently improved by changing tie arrangement type from Type-A to Type-B. A method to compute the stress in lateral ties at the concrete peak strength and a new stress-strain model for the confined concrete are proposed. Over a wide range of confinement parameters, the model shows good agreement with stress-strain relationships established experimentally.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual conditions of layout type and territorial area of middle schools. This article discuses about the characteristics of the floor plan composition and the layout type of 30 middle schools in gyeongnam province. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1) In facilities arrangement of middle schools, it shows diverse forms of arrangement from existing uniform straight type, however, most of schools do not being against the simple in their external space. Therefore, it requires an expansion of space size and facilities for the change of school life outside class. 2) Comparing to traditional middle school facilities, it occurs various types of plane and the area is somewhat expanded in the school with same class size, however, it needs to improve facility standards in its reality to deal with the change of future educational environment actively.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.342-348
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• 2012

This paper presents a moving-magnet type linear actuator designed by using flux concentration type permanent magnet arrangement, which can generate higher magnetic flux density in air-gap. In this construction, detent force which is induced by both slot-effect and end-effect becomes larger due to strong attractive forces. To reduce cogging force we have employed a modular mover structure of two magnetic pole sections connected with a center yoke. The improved motor performance is demonstrated with the prototype machine.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

This study compared and analyzed middle and high school's homebase and media space which are installed along with the introduction of subject classroom system operation method, with regard to the position of arrangement, the type of arrangement, and the change of area, etc. which were changed and applied per the phase of project. For this, design competitions were implemented since 2006 targeting the cases which participated in design directly-indirectly in the researcher's architectural firm, present construction documents among the selected BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) were completed, and the examples of 10 schools(design competitions 2 schools, BTL selected plans 8 schools) were analyzed, which were operating variation type.

• Solar Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1987

A batch type passive solar water systems, which perform the dual function of absorbing the solar energy and storing the heated water, have been designed and fabricated for the purpose of side-by-side testing at KIER. The test models included an A, B and C type batch systems which were classified according to the design of box and arrangement of tanks. The year-round performance tests show that B type batch system taken the step-wise tank arrangement indicates 55.7% yearly-average collection efficiency factor and 61% yearly-average maximum collection efficiency factor. Computer-aided-experimental results show that the sufficient hot water can be obtained in the early morning if the glazing is supplemented by a reflector/insulation cover. The thermal performance equation has been developed for the prediction of hourly variation of the water temperature in tank.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.284-286
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• 2002

The inverted retina of the Onchidium dorsal eye (DE) is composed only of ciliary-type photoreceptor cells (CC's). The outer segment (OS) of the CC is a concentric lamellar structure consisting of many modified ciliary membranes and stains positively with anti-$\beta$-tubulin antibody. Near the base of the OS there are about 30 basal bodies each connecting individually to a cilium. The cilia are rod-shaped at the base, progressing upwards to a flattened sheet-like shape with increasing surface area. Three-dimensional analysis on serial sections demonstrates the ladle-shape of a modified cilium. Many modified cilia wrap around each other like the leaves of a cabbage. Nine pairs of microtubules (MT's) are located regularly in a ring at the base of the cilium, gradually losing their regular arrangement towards the periphery, where they separate into two subgroups that are contained within two swollen portions of a modified cilium. Within the CC of the Onchidium DE, MT's in the modified cilium exist as two poles extending longitudinally in a thin expanded ciliary membrane. This arrangement may support the photoreceptive OS and serve to maintain its structural integrity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.58-65
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• 2013

Transportation and further expansion of social infrastructure was needed along the development of urbanization and population concentration. To use the underground space due to the lack of availability of land, it is inevitable to intersect between present structure and tunnel during construction. Soil grouting is one of the ground improvement methods to reinforce weak soil around the underground structures by injection of grouting liquid. Some of central columns of an upper structure are damaged during injection of grouting liquid by injection pressure. To investigate and improve the stability of the tunnel, three dimensional analysis are performed with full construction stages which includes the construction of present underpass, damaging columns of the underpass, reinforcing the columns by H-pile and shear walls, and excavation and construct tunnel. The arrangement of grouting holes such as curtain and horizontal type affects largely to the stability of upper structure and horizontal arrangement diminish the shear forces which is the cause of damage of central columns. The liquid injection type of reinforcement for tunnel is not recommended while the presence of upper structure with columns. Wall type reinforcing is utilize for permant support of upper structures which is affected by grouting injection pressure. H-pile is utilize for temporary support, but not for permanent since the sharing of shear forces is not much to shear wall during tunnel construction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.150-162
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• 2011

Personal health and environment is being aimed recently to show increase in preferences of eco-friendly cosmetics with longing of clean nature, and environment on pure plant ingredients. This study has the purpose of inquiring components and types of magazine advertisement in eco-friendly cosmetics and to analyze the model characteristics. The standards of analysis were classified as product, face, background, article, arrangement of colors, image, and eco-friendly factors. The results of this study are as follow. First, in inquiring the general characteristics of the magazine advertisement in eco-friendly cosmetics, the results were shown as the order of attention on product, face, background, article, arrangement of colors, image and eco-friendly factors. Second, in inquiring the components and types of magazine advertisement in eco-friendly cosmetics, the results showed an attentive difference in product, face, background, article, arrangement of colors and eco-friendly factors. Third, in inquiring relationships of model characteristics between domestic and foreign eco-friendly cosmetics, the results showed lots of domestic cosmetics advertising direct advertising, product type emerged was a lot of character type emerged. International cosmetics advertising, indirect advertising and highlighting the many articles that appeared prominently type is characterized.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.12
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• pp.1673-1678
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• 2015

This paper describes magnetic field on power cable in underground transmission systems. Based on specification which is being used in domestic power utility, magnetic field was analyzed in accordance with line arrangement, line burial depth and phase spacing. Magnetic field magnitude and its trend were understood in each circuit type such as double circuits, triple circuits and quadruple circuits of underground transmission systems. In addition, magnetic field was analyzed according to phase arrangement changing in each circuit. Finally, the proper phase arrangement configuration type was suggested by the evaluation of analysis result. Magnetic field was calculated by using Biot-Savart's law. According to the evaluated magnetic fields based on phase layout configuration in each circuit, it figured out that each of magnetic fields was different. As a result, this paper proposes a proper phase layout configuration for generating minimum magnetic field. It is evaluated that the phase layout configuration in each circuit proposed in this paper can be used at actual underground transmission systems.