• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 1997

This paper describes the development of portable arousal measurement and analysis system. Skin impedance change which responds to the change of arousal level was detected by the three elctrode constant current method and separated into two components(SIR, SIL). Relationship between Nz, IRI and arousal level was studied and criteria of arousal level control was decided by the sleep study. Measured data with and without warning signal were compared and analyzed.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.19-22
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• 1997

This paper studies the arousal effects of aroma and warning sound using EDA(Electrodermal Activity:EDA), Aroma stimulus started at Nz value over 1.2. Warning sound was prepared according to the arousal evaluation and control criteria. As a result, the warning sound could be controlled the arousal level in all the mKSS state. Aroma stimulus was able to prevent drowsy more than warning sound in the mKSS 3 state(the first stage of drowsiness). Therefor, aroma stimulus was can be used for arousal control at that state. Futhermore, arousal control was shown to be more effective with presentation of both aroma and warning sounds than each presentation.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.477-484
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• 1997

본 논문에서는 각성도 평가시 초기 각성상태 차이에 따른 보상방법을 제안하고 보상상수를 결정하였다. 각성도는 IRI와 Nz에 의하여 측정되었다. BI는 초기 저각성상태의 영향을 많이 받게 되며 이는 각성도의 지표인 Nz 값에 영향을 주게 되어 각성수준이 실제보다 높게 평가된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 BI의 과대평가로 인한 오판정 문제를 해결하기 위하여 수정된KSS 측도(mKSS)를 이용한 보상법을 제안하고 각성수준에 따른 수정된 KSS 측도에 대응하는 보상상수를 결정하였다. 이 보상상수를 개발된 휴대형 각성도 측정 시스템에 적용하여, 실시간으로 각성도를 평가 및 제어한 결과, 본 연구에서 제안한 보상법 및 보상상수의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1997년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국전력공사 서울연수원; 17-18 Oct. 1997
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• pp.1856-1859
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• 1997

This paper describes the arousal measurement and the control system using fuzzy logic to prevent drowsy driving. Sugeno's method was used for fuzzy inference in this study. Membership function and rule base were determined form the modfied arousal level criteria. The output of fuzzy inference tracked well the change of subject's arousal level. When IRI(Inter-SIR interval) was under the 60sec, maximum output of three step warning method was medium sound, but that of fuzzy logic system was changed from medium to big. Furthermore, the output of the fuzzy inference was highly correlated with $N_{z}$(r=0.99). Therefore, the fuzzy inference method for evaluation and the control of arousal will be more effective at real driving sityation than three step warning method.ning method.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.60-64
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• 1996

This paper describes the development of portable arousal measurement and analysis system. Skin impedance change which responds the change of arousal level was detected by the three electrode constant current method and separated into two components (SIR, SIL). Relationship between Nz, IRI and arousal level was studied and Criteria of arousal level control was decided by the sleep study.

• 센서학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1996

생리지표로서 각성 수준을 잘 반영하는 피부전기활동 신호로부터 피부임피던스 수준과 피부임피던스 반사 신호를 분리 검출하고 실시간으로 각성도를 판단 및 제어하는 휴대형 시스템을 구현하였다. 이를 위하여 각성도 평가 지표를 세분화하여 의식 수준을 자동적으로 판단하고 경고신호를 이용하여 각성도를 제어하는 알고리즘을 연구하여 구현된 시스템의 제어효과를 평가하고 유효성을 입증하였다. 구현된 제어 시스템은 각성도 저하의 초기 단계부터 검출하고 판정 및 제어하므로서 각성도를 향상 시킬 수 있었으며, 앞으로 각성도 향상 및 제어를 위한 경보음 등의 효과 평가와 졸음운전 방지 시스템, 수면연구 등에도 활용될 수 있으리라 기대 된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.491-498
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 졸음운전 방지를 위한 방법으로 기존의 3단계 경고음법과 fuzzy logic을 이용한 가성도 측정 및 제어법을 시뮬레이션으로 비교 및 분석하였다. 각성상태를 제어하는 방법으로 사용되었던 기존의 각성제어지표는 실 차에는 사용될 경우 효과적이지 못하므로 각성상태에 따른 영역별 Nz와 IRI의 상관분포도를 분석하여 기존의 각성제어지표를 수정하였다. Fuzzy 추론으로는 Sugeno의 방법을 사용하였고 멤버쉽함수와 제어규칙 베이스는 수정된 각성제어지표로부터 결정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과 60이하의 IRI가 발생되는 경우, Nz의 변화에 따라 두 제어방법 모두 small, medium, big의 경고음이 발생되었으나 3단계 경고음법은 다음 단계의 발생영역이 될 때까지 같은 출력만을 발생한다. 그러나 퍼지추론의 출력은 피검자의 각성수준의 변화에 잘 추종하여 변화되었으므로 3단계 경고음법의 문제점을 해겨할 수 있었고 더욱이 퍼지 추론의 출력과 Nz와의 상관계수(r=0.99)가 매우 높았으므로, 실제 운전시 퍼지추론 방법을 이용한 각성도 평가 및 제어에 적용할 경우 3단계 경고음법 보다 효과적일 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1996년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.372-376
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• 1996

This paper describes the criterias to evaluate arousal states of subject and these are applied to contort arousal level. Correction factor was introdued to compensate under or over evaluated Nz due to the different initial basal skin impedance. These criteria and correction factor were worked well to increase the arousal level.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2003

The suck/swallow/breathe(SSB) synchrony, serving as the earlist primary motor mechanism, is the rhythmical, coordinated pattern of sucking, swallowing and breathing. The development of an intact SSB is an important precursor for further sensorimotor and cognitive development including speech and language development, state regulation, postural control, feeding, eye/hand coordination and social/emotional development. Arousal means a neurological mechanism for preparing one's body to orienting stimulus. Its levels are regulated with an interaction of the reticular formation, the limbic system, the hypothalamus and the autonomic nervous system. General strategies such as blowing, sucking, chewing, munching and licking to effectively modulate arousal state are related to SSB. The SSB synchrony is an important treatment principle for children with sensory integration disorder and problems with the modulation of arousal. The purpose of this article is to review concepts of SSB synchrony and the underlying relation between the modulation of arousal and SSB synchrony.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2012

The study for the passenger's comfortableness of vehicles and the arousal of car drivers has been done widely. On the other hand, there are few studies for the locomotive engineers. Human error means that the mistakes made by human, recently it receives attention in the field of safety engineering and human engineering. Comparing the operating condition of train with car, because of the simplification of the visual stimulus, the arousal level on the train goes down easily. The arousal level down makes judgement down, the accident risk from human error is getting bigger. In this study, we measured bio-signals(ECG, EDA, PPG, respiration and EEG) from 6 locomotive engineers to evaluate their arousal state while they operated the train. Also we recorded the 3 axes acceleration signal showing the vibration state of train. Also, the existence of tunnels were simultaneously measured. At the station section where the train speed goes down, the size of vector's sum decreases because of reduced vibration. Beta component in EEG tends to increase at the entering point of each station and tunnel. It is due to the arousal reaction and tension growth. The mean SCR(skin conductance response) was more increased in neutral section. As the button control movement (body movement) increases in the neutral section, it is appeared that SCR increase. RR interval tends to gradually increase during train operation for 1 hour 40 minutes. However, It tends to sharply decrease at the stop station because strong concentration needed to stop train on the exact point. The engineer's arousal reaction can be checked through analysing the bio-signal change during train operation. Therefore, if this analysing result is adopted to the sleepiness prevention caution system, it will be useful for the safety train operation.