• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 과제지향훈련이 알츠하이머 치매를 유발(${\beta}-amyloid$ 주입)시킨 흰쥐의 운동 및 인지기능 회복에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 알아보는 것이다. Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐 30마리를 무작위 할당하여 치매 유발 이후 어떠한 처치도 실시하지 않은 대조군(n=15), 치매 유발 이후 과제지향훈련을 적용한 실험군(n=15)으로 나누었다. 훈련은 4주 동안 주 3회, 1일 1회, 20분간 시행하였다. 흰쥐들의 인지 및 운동기능 평가는 8자 미로 검사와 가로대 걷기 검사를 시행하였다. 8자 미로 검사는 시기별 군간 차이에서 14일과 28일에 유의한 차이를(p<.001) 보였다. 두 집단의 시기별 측정값의 차이가 유의하였다(p<.001). 또한 시기와 집단 간 상호작용도 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.001). 사다리 걷기 검사는 시기별 군간 차이에서 14일과 28일에 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<.001). 두 집단의 시기별 측정값의 차이도 유의하였다(p<.001). 또한 시기와 집단 간 상호작용도 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<.001). 이상의 결과 알츠하이머 흰쥐에게 과제지향훈련은 운동 및 인지기능의 회복에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 더 나아가 과제지향훈련이 알츠하이머 치매환자의 운동 및 인지기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상된다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1127-1134
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 사람이 접근하기 힘든 환경에서도 사용할 수 있는 로봇 팔이 사람의 손 동작에 따라 동작하는 로봇 팔 제어시스템을 구현하였다. 적외선 센서와, 영상인식 센서를 이용한 립모션 센서를 사용해 사람 손의 좌표를 추출 후 맵핑하고 블루투스 통신을 통하여 로봇 팔에게 전송하여 동작하도록 하였다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a community based group exercise intervention on motor functional capacity. To evaluate the immediate(post-treatment) effects after 6-weeks exercise program on the group exercise intervention(PNF and Circuit exercise). Methods : Subjects-Included persons with stroke who were living in the community. Thirty-seven subjects were randomly assigned to the PNF, Circuit exercise and control group participated in a repeated measures design that evaluated the subjects with pre-treatment, post-treatment(6 weeks). Functional ability outcome measures assessed the motor assessment scale(MAS) and EMG. Both treatment groups participated in exercise cJass three times a week for 6 weeks. Group programs focused on balance, functional motor capacity and walking ability. The PNF program was modified PNF pattem and techniques with emphasis on functional tasks when possible, as well as stretching of the more affected limb particularly in the more affected shoulder. The Circuit program with subjects completing practice at a selies of work station as well as participating in walking races and relay with other members of the group. Results : Compared with the control group, the treatment group had larger improvements in the motor function ability after 6 weeks treatment and Post-treatment test scores were more significant than the pre-treatment score. 1. Motor function were assessed by using MAS, sit to stand, walking and upper function were assessed pre-treatment versus post-treatment measures revealed a statically significant(p<.05). There were significant differences between the groups. Compared with the control group, the treatment group had larger improvements. 2. In the treatment groups, demonstrated difference in the electromyographic activation of biceps, triceps, quadriceps and tibialis anterior muscles on the paretic side in the response to the reaching arm movement and stepping motion in stance. The difference in muscle activation improvement were not statically significant. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the PNF and Circuit group exercise intervention can improve motor functional ability. This study suggests that the PNF and Circuit exercise programs is appropriate for community-based group exercise principles. It leads to gain and maintain potential function for disabled persons after stroke in the community.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.70-78
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• 2009

This study was designed to examine a 3-week modified constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to the less-affected arm of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) would improve function of the more-affected arm in PD. The subjects were 6 institutional older adults with PD and clients of the social welfare facilities. The subjects (2 men, 4 women) ranged in age from 66 to 90 years (mean age 77.2 yrs). Three clinical tests were used to determine the improvement of functional activity between before and after modified CIMT. The tests included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), and Action Research Arm Test (ARAT). There were significantly differences after the modified CIMT for time performance in WMFT and pinch in ARAT (p<.05), No significant difference was noted after the modified CIMT for UPDRS and functional ability scale in WMFT. Therefore, the modified CIMT might improve time performance and is available to therapeutic program helping them improve functional ability for upper extremity in Parkinson's disease.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 거울치료가 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 운동기능 향상에 미치는 효과를 문헌고찰을 통해 알아보고 임상적 효용성을 확인하고자 하였다. 또한, 그간 밝혀진 정보를 종합하여 거울치료를 통해 발생하는 중재효과를 분석하고 거울치료의 신경학적 기전을 알아보고자 하였다. 거울치료는 뇌졸중 환자들의 손과 팔의 운동기능을 향상시키고, 일상생활 수행기능회복과 통증경감에 효과가 있다. 하지만 시각 무시에 대해서는 효과를 입증할 수 있는 근거가 아직 분명치 않다. 거울치료는 전운동영역의 신경학적 회복을 유도한다. 전운동영역은 운동 조절의 핵심적인 역할을 하는 부위로서 거울치료에 의해 활성화되면 손상된 일차운동영역의 활성도를 증가시켜 기능회복을 유발한다. 일차운동영역이 완전히 손상된 경우에는 신경 재조직화를 통해 일차운동영역의 기능을 전운동영역이나 보완운동영역이 대체하여 수행한다. 선행연구의 고찰 결과, 거울치료의 효과나 이에 대한 신경학적인 원인에 대한 증거가 아직 부족한 실정이었다. 거울치료의 효과와 신경학적 기전이 명확히 규명된다면 거울치료는 임상에서 보다 효용성 있는 치료로서 구축될 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of arm training in standing position on balance and walking ability in chronic stroke patients. METHODS: Sixteen chronic stroke patients were allocated equally and randomly to an experimental group (n=8) or a control group (n=8). All participants received 60 minutes of comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, the experimental group additionally received an arm training in standing position for 30 minutes, while the control group additionally performed a treadmill training for 30 minutes. These 30-minute training sessions were held three times per week for six weeks. Upper extremity function was assessed using Fugle-Meyer motor assessment function upper extremity (FMA-UE), balance was assessed using Berg balance scale (BBS), and walking ability (gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limb support period) was assessed using the GAITRite system. RESULTS: Improvement on all outcome measures was identified from pre-to-post intervention for both groups (p<.05). Post-intervention, there was a significant between-group difference on BBS, gait speed, cadence, step length, and double limp support period (p<.05). The experimental group exhibited greater improvement in the BBS (p=.01; z=-2.48), gait speed (p=.01; z=-3.26), cadence (p=.02; z=-2.31), step length (p=.01; z=-3.36), and double limb support period (p=.03; z=-2.84) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that arm training in standing position may be beneficial for improving balance and walking ability of patients with chronic stroke.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.979-986
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• 2005

수유기 동안 납의 투여는 급격한 체중의 변화를 유발하여 3주령 및 11주령 쥐의 경우 납을 투여한 군이 대조군에 비해 각각 50% 및 26% 체중 감소를 보였으나 뇌의 무게에는 유의적 변화를 관찰 할 수 없었다. 납 투여는 뇌 지방산 조성 변화에 큰 영향을 주지 않았지만 특히 AA와 DPAn-6와 같은 고도의 불포화 지방산 함량의 증가를 유발하였다. Motor ac-tivity 실험에서 납 투여군의 경우 대조군에 비하여 주어진 시간 내에서 움직이는 시간과 움직인 거리가 긴 것으로 보아 운동 활동성이 큰 것으로 여겨지나 두 군 간에 유의적 차이는 없었다. Elevated plus maze 실험에서 실험 1일째의 경우 open arm에 머무른 시간에는 유의적 차이가 없었으나 2일째에는 두 군에서 현저히 open arm에 머무른 시간이 감소하였으며 납 투여군의 경우 대조군에 비하여 머무른 시간이 감소하는 경향이었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. Open arm에 들어가는 횟수를 관찰한 결과, 실험 1일째의 경우 open arm에 들어가는 횟수가 납 투여군에서 유의적으로 적었고 2일째에는 두 군에서 모두 open arm에 들어가는 횟수가 감소하였으며 대조군에 비해 납을 투여한 쥐의 경우가 유의적으로 낮은 횟수로 open arm에 들어갔음을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 수유기 동안의 납 투여는 성숙 동물의 불안감을 증가시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.48-83
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• 1996

Our conclusions for function evaluation tools of Stroke patients are as follows. 1. Evaluating tools of Activities of Daily Living, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index have high validity and reliability because of ease of measuring, high accuracy, consistency, sensitivity and sufficient stastistics, but they mainly measure motor function except sense, mentation, language, and social conception. Therefore cerebrovascular disease and brain injury in trauma patients with lacked acknowledgement and sensation, we are not able to apply these tools. 2. PULSES Profile is a useful scale for measuring the patient's over-all status, upper and lower limb functions, sensory components, excretary functions, and intellectual and emotional adaptabilities. It is recognized as a good, useful tool to evaluate patient's whole function. 3. Motor Assessment Scale was designed to measure the progress of stroke patients. The scale was supplemented with upper arm function items. We believe that the Motor Assessment Scale could be a useful evaluation tool with inter-rater reliability ,test-retest reliability. 4. The existing evaluation tools, Katz Index, Barthel Index, Modified Barthel Index, PULSES Profile, Motor Assessment Scale, mainly measured the rehabilitational motor function of sequela of cerebrovascular patients. On the other hand CNS & INH stroke scale can measure cerebrovascular disease patient's neurologic deficits and over-all stautus, which are recognition ability, speech status, motor function, sensory function, activities of daily living. Those scales have been recognized as useful tools to measure function of cerebrovascular disease patients and have increased in use. 5. Every function evaluation tool was recognized to have some validity and inter-rater, test-retest reliability in items of each evaluation tool and total scores of each evaluation tools, but it is thought that none of these scales have been fully validated and proved reliable. Therefore afterward, the development of a highly reliable rating system may best be accomplished by a careful comparison of several tools, using the same patients and the same observers in order to choose the most reliable items from each. 6. Ideal evaluation tools must have the following conditions; (1) It should show the objective functional statues at the same time. (2) It should be repeated consecutively to know changed function status. (3) It should be easy to observe the treatment program. (4) It should have the same result with another rater to help rater exchange information with treatment team members. (5) It should be practical and simple. (6) The patient should not suffer from the observer.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3023-3029
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 만성 편마비 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 상지 운동기능 회복을 위하여 적용한 가상현실 가정운동프로그램의 가능성을 알아보기 위함이다. 만성 뇌졸중 환자 2명을 대상으로, 한 명의 참여자는 가상현실운동프로그램을 가정운동프로그램으로 처방하여 실행하였고, 다른 한 명의 참여자는 강제-유도운동치료를 가정운동프로그램으로 처방하여 실행하였다. 치료기간은 4주간으로 1주일에 총, 5회로 1회에 4시간씩 실시하였다. 평가는 뇌졸중 기능회복평가(Fugl-Meyer Assessment; FMA), 운동활동척도검사(Motor Activity Log, MAL), 그리고 울프운동기능검사(Wolf Motor Function Test; WMFT)를 이용하였다. 가상현실 운동프로그램을 가정운동프로그램으로 실시한 대상자가 모든 운동기능평가에서 상당한 기능적 회복을 보여주었다. 특히, FMA 점수는 가상현실프로그램을 사용한 대상자는 17% 향상된 반면, 강제유도운동치료를 가정운동프로그램으로 실시한 대상자는 5% 증가하였다. 또한, MAL 점수의 환측 상지를 이용하는 양(Amount of Use; AOU)와 움직임의 질(Quality of Movement; QOM)점수에서도 가정중심 가상현실 프로그램을 이용한 대상자가 각 40%, 20% 향상된 반면, 강제유도운동치료를 받은 대상자는 각각 0%, 20% 증가하였다. 가상현실 프로그램을 사용한 대상자와 강제유도운동치료를 받은 대상자의 WMFT 점수가 모두 20%증가하였다. 본 연구결과, 만성 편마비 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 운동 기능 향상을 목적으로 가정운동프로그램을 설계할 때 가상현실 운동프로그램이 강제-유도운동치료보다 더욱 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2017

Background: The presence of visuospatial impairment can make patients slow functional recovery and impede the rehabilitation process in TBI patients. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate effects of prism adaptation treatment for functional outcomes in patients following traumatic brain injury. Methods: The subject received prism adaptation treatment for 2 weeks additionally during traditional rehabilitation for 4 weeks. The Patient has prism adaptation treatment while wearing wedge prisms that shift the external environment about $12^{\circ}$ leftward. The patient received 10 sessions, 15-20min each session. Outcome measures were visuospatial deficit(line bisection, latter cancellation), Visual and spatial perception(LOTCA-visual perception and spatial perception), motor function of upper extremity(FMA U/E; Fugl-Meyer motor assessment upper extremity, ARAT; Action research arm test), balance(BBS; Berg Balance Scale), mobility(FAC; Functional ambulation classification) and functional level(FIM; Functional independent measure). All Assessments took place on study entry and post-treatment assessments were performed at discharge from the hospital. Results: After prism adaptation, the visuospatial impairment scores improved as indicated in the line bisection(-15.2 to -6.02), latter cancellation(2 to 0) and LOTCA- spatial perception scores(7 to 9). The upper motor function improved as indicated in the scores of affected FMA U/E(21 to 40) and ARAT(4 to 22). Ambulation and balance improved as indicated in the BBS scores(25 to 38) and FAC scores(0 to 4). ADL function improved as indicated in the FIM total scores 54 to 70(motor 34 to 61, cognition 20 to 29). Conclusion: Prism adaptation did improve functional level such as motor functions and ADL abilities in TBI patient. Further research is recommended.