• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2017

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the effect of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) arm extension pattern and leg flexion pattern on the contralateral lower extremity muscles when the patterns were applied to the same subject. Methods: In the study, 35 healthy men and women who understood the PNF patterns were selected as participants. The participants completed the PNF arm extension-abduction-internal rotation pattern and leg flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern in the supine position. While the patients' completed each pattern, the contralateral leg muscle activity was measured to examine the irradiation effect. The maximum isometric contraction time of the muscles to be measured was kept for 5 seconds, and the mean value was obtained by repeating the pattern three times. Results: When the leg flexion-adduction-external rotation with knee flexion pattern was completed, the muscle activity in the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius of the contralateral lower extremity was significantly greater than that found in the PNF arm extension-abduction-internal rotation pattern. Conclusion: The PNF leg flexion pattern showed greater muscle activity on the contralateral lower extremity than the arm extension pattern. Thus, the PNF leg extension pattern is more effective in the activation of the muscles associated with weight-bearing activity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.127-132
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• 2018

In a broad sense, the healthcare system refers to the conventional medical service for the field of treatment. From head to toe, our whole body corresponds to the subject of the medical service. In this paper, we discuss the abnormality of flexion and extension in general elbow disease. Flexion and extension refer to flexing and extending of the arm while it is set to be at 90 degrees. In this case, if the angle of the arm is remarkably small or is accompanied with pain, there is an abnormality that occurs in the elbow. We tested the flexion and extension of the elbow for 100 people in their 50s and calculated the number of people for each case. Afterwards, we classified people with abnormalities in flexion and extension and presented the respective treatment methods. In this paper, a system was constructed for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to assess activation and contribution of muscles of the elderly according to increased loading during the arm flexion extension resistance exercise. Surface electromyographic signals were acquired from biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid posterior, pectoralis major and latissimmus dorsi to determine the difference of the activation of specific muscles between the elderly and young. Five elderly and five young males with no musculoskeletal disease volunteered for the study. Electromyographic activities in the muscles were measured during resistance exercise and normalized to the maximum EMG activity recorded in the maximal voluntary static contraction (MVC). Against the increased loading during arm flexion/extension resistance exercises, the young uses muscles evenly but the elderly uses one specific muscle frequently. Contribution of triceps brachii during extension and deltoid posterior during flexion was principal in the elderly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.176-177
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• 2018

In this paper, we discuss the abnormalities of flexion and extension in elbow disease in general. Flexion and extension represent arm flexion and extension while being set to 90 degrees. In this case, the angle of the arm is remarkably small, or the pain is accompanied by an abnormality in the elbow. We tested 100 elbow flexions and extensions at the age of 50 and calculated the number of people in each case. After that, patients with abnormalities in flexion and extension were classified and their treatment methods were presented. In this paper, we have developed a system for treating musculoskeletal disorders.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-52
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• 1996

This paper measured the range of arm joint motion for Korean 54 males in twenties. The range of the arm joint motion of the subjects was measured directly using Goniometer and protractor. The number of the static and the dynamic anthropometric variables are seven and thirteen, respectively. The anthropometric data are analyzed by basic statistical analysis (four group), correlation analysis and regression analysis using commercial SAS program. The results of analysis are compared with American students anthropometric data by Laubach(1978). Thin subjects have larger movement angle as wrist flexion, wrist abduction, elbow flexion, and elbow wupination and have smaller as wrist adduction and shoulder flexion. Fat subjects have larger movement angle as shoulder flexion and are smaller wrist abduction, elbow flexion, pronation, shoulder extension, shoulder adduction, shoulder abduction, and shoulder medial rotation Korean are more flexible than American in wrist and ranges of elbow flexion and elbow rotation. The shoulder movement is similar to that of American, but shoulder flexion is less flexible.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.769-776
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• 2007

This paper proposes the human arm motion tracking algorithm based on the signal processing for surface EMG (electromyogram) sensors attached on both upper arm and shoulder. The signals acquired by using surface EMG sensors are processed with choosing the maximum in a short period, taking the absolute value, and filtering noises out with a low-pass filter. The processed signals are directly used for the motion generation of virtual arm in real time simulator. The virtual arm of simulator has two degrees of freedom and complies with the flexion and extension motions of elbow and shoulder. Also, we show the validity of the suggested algorithms through the experiments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1181-1189
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• 2009

This research analyzes the relationship between the height of the sleeve cap and the mobility of arm movement. Ten Korean women participated as subjects. For test clothes, the AH/4+3, AH/4+1, and AH/4-1 height of the sleeve cap were varied. The sleeve circumference was adjusted according to the variation of the height of the sleeve cap. To analyze test clothing objectively, the range-of-motion of two selected movements (Arm Adduction/Abduction and Arm Flexion/Extension) was measured by Leighton flexometer and goniometer. Also, a wearer acceptability rating was examined for acceptance by the subject. Anova and Duncan's multiple range tests are used for statistical analysis. According to the results, the mobility of test clothing 2 and 3 improved 14.9% and 27.7% in Arm Adduction/Abduction, and 12.7% and 31.9% in Arm Flexion/Extension compared to the test clothing 1.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.126-130
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• 2023

Background: Arm swing plays a role in gait by accommodating forward movement through trunk balance. This study evaluates the biomechanical characteristics of arm swing during gait. Methods: The study performed computational musculoskeletal modeling based on motion tracking in 15 participants without musculoskeletal or gait disorder. A three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking system using three Azure Kinect (Microsoft) modules was used to obtain information in the 3D location of shoulder and elbow joints. Computational modeling using AnyBody Modeling System was performed to calculate the joint moment and range of motion (ROM) during arm swing. Results: Mean ROM of the dominant elbow was 29.7°±10.2° and 14.2°±3.2° in flexion-extension and pronation-supination, respectively. Mean joint moment of the dominant elbow was 56.4±12.7 Nm, 25.6±5.2 Nm, and 19.8±4.6 Nm in flexion-extension, rotation, and abduction-adduction, respectively. Conclusions: The elbow bears the load created by gravity and muscle contracture in dynamic arm swing movement.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-94
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• 2003

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze A kinematic analysis of the Kuzushi-arm motion when performing Morote-Seoinage in judo who was 5 females university representative judokas of light weight category in judo, and filmed on video cameras(60field/s). The data of this study digitizied by KWON3D 2.1 program computed the average and standard deviation calculated individual 5 trials with Programing Lab view 6i. From the data analysis & discussion, the following conclusions were drawn : 1) distance variable of attacking hand arm in kuzushi motion Left right(X direction) displacement variable was all of A, B, C pattern with moving left to right and leaning. Strip of displacement variable was ordo. to C(55.6cm), A(53.3cm), B(43.9cm) pattern, C pattern largely leaned to left Front Rear(Y direction) displacement variable was different A($131.3cm{\pm}3.1cm$), B($128.7{\pm}4.0cm$) and C(111.0cm) on ready position, 3 pattern leaned to rear direction. Strip of displacement was order to B(43.4cm), A(41.1cm) and C pattern(28.3cm). Up down(Z direction) displacement variable was all of A, B, C pattern leaned to up in the Kuzushi-phase and leaned to down in the Kake-phase. Strip of displacement was order to A(83.9cm), B(80.4cm), C pattern(71.9cm). 2) Shoulder joint angle variable Flexion and extension Ready position' angle was A($138.3{\pm}4.9^{\circ}$), B($142.9{\pm}3.7^{\circ}$) and C($164.5^{\circ}$) pattern, strip of flexion extension was order to C($80.9^{\circ}$), A($79.9^{\circ}$) and B($39.0^{\circ}$) pattern, greatly C pattern had largely angle change. Adduction and abduction : B and C pattern's angle change were adduction and abduction in the Kuzushi-phase after adduction in the Kake phase, A pattern's angle change was abduction in the Kuzushi-phase after adduction in the Kake phase. internal and external rotation : 3 pattern were internal rotation in the Tsukuri phase and external rotation in the Kake phase. After B and C pattern were external rotation and A pattern was internal rotation. 3) Elbow joint angle variable Flexion and extension 3 pattern's ready position angle were A($142.0{\pm}4.4^{\circ}$), B($123.5{\pm}5.5^{\circ}$) and C($105.5^{\circ}$) and flexion. Strip of flexion extension were order to A($57.9^{\circ}$), C($34.6^{\circ}$) and B($25.2^{\circ}$) pattern.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 1995

There is no line of demarcation between the shoulder and elbow regions. Pain In the arm may originate at the shoulder with reference downwards or less often at the elbow with reference upwards. Most pains indicated by the patient at the elbow or forearm have a local origin, since at the more distal part of the upper limb the capacity for correct localization is good. Once it is clear that the elbow region is at fault, the joint and the muscles about it are tested by ten movements. 1. Four. Passive extension, flexion, pronation, supination-full range, LOM, painful, painless. 2. Four. Resisted extension, flexion, pronation, supination-strong, weak, painful, painless. 3. Two. Resisted flexion, extension at the wrist-painful, painless. The muscles that perform theses two movements arise from the humeral epicondyles and a lesion in either often causes pain felt at the elbow although the tissuse affected is not functionally a part of the elbow (i. e. Tennis elbow and Golfer's elbow).