• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.590-597
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• 2022

We analyzed the diet composition of smallmouth argentine Argentina kagoshimae, which were collected via bottom trawl in the South Sea during February, April, August, and October 2021. Their size range was 8.1-21.4 cm total length. A. kagoshimae are mesopelagic carnivores, mainly consuming benthopelagic Euphausiacea and Caridea crustaceans. Polychaetes were the second largest prey component in their diet, which also included small quantities of copepods, amphipods, and arrow worms. Stomach content compositions substantially differed among body size levels in A. kagoshimae. The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination and permutational multivariate analysis of variance of dietary data revealed no significant dietary differences. The results of a graphical analysis of the diet composition showed that A. kagoshimae are specialized feeders characterized by strong individual feeding specialization.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.517-525
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• 2021

Trawl fishing is a major concern worldwide, and there is considerable debate about its impact on marine ecosystems. In this study, we used the vessel monitoring system (VMS) data collected in the southwest Atlantic Ocean from 2016 to 2019 to estimate the fishing effort and trawled area. Spatial distribution of trawl activities according to the latitude and longitude and the hotspots where fishing was concentrated each year were identified. Trawling activities of the Korean vessels were mainly distributed between 40-52°S and 56-63°W. The species caught during the fishing period comprised five Cephalopoda, three Chondrichthyes, ten Osteichthyes, and other fish. The Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi and Argentine shortfin squid Illex argentinus were the dominant species in the catch.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제23권
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• pp.57-79
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• 2011

This article has analyzed the limite of integration and discrimination of Paraguayan inmigrants in Argentina. The most numerous collectivity is the Paraguayan inmigrants, with about 325,046 members that reside mainly in the Gran Buenos Aires in 2001. Paraguayan inmigrantes and their families usually undergo abuses by security forces and the over exploitation and the illegal work to a large extent work informally and for low wages. They also point out numerous problems of discrimination with respect to access to the services of public of health, education and housing. For the reason, Argentine government has established the program of Patria Grande in April 17, 2006. This program is that issue a permanent residence and DNI for Latin American immigrants from bordering countries. But the Argentine government does not maintain the program Patria Grande. Paraguayan inmigrants are still situated in the increase of the ilegal work and social insecurity.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.282-294
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• 2004

아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어는 1993년에 99,000톤에서 1994년 56,600톤으로 감소하고 1996년에는 78,600톤에서 1997년 130,300톤으로 다시 증가하였다. 어획량의 급감 및 급증한 1993~1994년과 1996~1997년의 성어기인 3~5월의 풍도 원인을 구명하기 위하여 아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어의 수온 변동에 따른 풍도 변화를 분석하였다. 호황을 보였던 해인 1993년과 1997년은 성어기에 주로 50$^{\circ}$~51$^{\circ}$S간 해역에서 주어장이 형성되었고, 불황을 보였던 1994년과 1996년에는 50$^{\circ}$S이북에서 성어기 어장이 형성되었으며 포클랜드 어장의 평균수온은 3월 10~11$^{\circ}$C, 4~5월은 9$^{\circ}$C로 평균 등온선이 형성되는 위치에 따라 어황이 변동하는 것으로 나타났다. 아르헨티나 짧은지느러미오징어의 높은 단위노력 당어획량(kg/line) 및 어획량은 어장이 포클랜드 해류의 영향을 받지 않은 1993년 및 1997년은 호황을 보였고, 북상하는 포클랜드 해류의 영향을 받은 1994년 및 1996년에는 급격히 감소되어 불황을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.766-773
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• 2006

Fragile-X-syndrome (FXS) is the most common type of inherited cognitive impairment. The underlying molecular alteration consists of a CGG-repeat amplification within the FMR-1 gene. The phenotype is only apparent once a threshold in the number of repeats has been exceeded (full mutation). The aim of this study was to characterize the FMR-1 CGG-repeat status in Argentine patients exhibiting mental retardation. A total of 330 blood samples from patients were analyzed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Initially, DNA from 78 affected individuals were studied by PCR. Since this method is unable to detect high molecular weight alleles, however, we undertook a second approach using the Southern blotting technique to analyze the CGG repeat number and methylation status. Southern blot analysis showed an altered pattern in 14 out of 240 (6%) unrelated patients, with half of them presenting a mosaic pattern. Eight out of 17 families (47%) showed a (suggest deleting highlight). The characteristic FXS pattern was identified in 8/17 families (47%), and in 4 of these families 25% of the individuals presented with a mosaic model. The expansion from pre-mutation to full mutation was shown to occur both at the pre and post zygotic levels. The detection of FXS mutations has allowed us to offer more informed genetic counseling, prenatal diagnosis and reliable patient follow-up.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.337-342
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• 1996

In prevoius works we have repored phonetic similarities between Japanese and Spanish voweis and syiiabic sounds. (1) (2) (3) (4). In the present communication we explore the relative importance of duration of the consonantal segment to elicit Spanish /l/ - /r/ distinction by native j Japanese talkers. Three Argentine and three trained native Japanese talkers recorded /l-r/ combined with /a/ in VCV sequences. Modifications of consonant duration and vowel context with transitions were m made by editing natural /ala/ sounds. Mixed VCV were produced by combining sounds of both languages. Perceptual tests were produced by combining sounds of both languages perceptual performed presenting the speech material, to native t trained and non trained Japanese listeners. In a tirst sessIOn a d discrimination procedure was applied. The items were arranged in pairs a and listeners Nere told to indicate the pair that sounded different. In the f following session they were asked to identify and type the letter corresponding to each one of the items. Responses arc examined in tenns of critical duration of the interval between vowels. Preliminary results indicate that the duration of intervocalic intervais was a relevant cue for the identification of /l/ and /r/. It seems that to differentiate the two sounds, Japanese listeners required relatively longer interval steps than the argentine suhjects. There was a tendency to conhlse more frequently /l/ for /r/ than viceversa.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제36권
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• pp.87-109
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• 2007

This Comment explores the ICSID case of CMS Gas Transmission Company v. Argentine Republic, awarded on May 12, 2005. The Part II of this Comment first describes the relevant facts of the case including the some background for readers' understanding and the Part III summaries the claimant's requests and the decisions rendered by the Arbitral Tribunal in the Award. At Part IV, the Comment addresses the issue of determinating laws applicable to the merits of dispute in case that the parties of the case have not chosen a governing law, and at Part V, takes a close look into three main issues of (i) the indirect expropriation of the investment, (ii) the breach of fair and equitable treatment and (iii) the protections under umbrella clauses. In this CMS case, we see first that while the Tribunal affirmed that any indirect expropriation can occur from incidental interference depriving the foreign investor of the use or reasonable-to-be-expected economic benefit even if not necessarily to the obvious benefit of the host State, the Tribunal denied the occurrence of indirect expropriation in this case by holding that the Government of Argentina has not breached the standard of protection laid down in the Treaty. Secondly, however, regarding the issue of fair and equitable treatment, we see that the Tribunal, finding Argentina's breach of obligations, affirmed that the foreign investor can expect the host State to act in a consistent manner, free from ambiguity and totally transparently in its relations with the foreign investor, which can give the foreign investor certain degree of foreseeability. Thirdly and finally, we see that, on base of the effect of the umbrella clause, the Tribunal recognized the obligation of the host State undertaken not to freeze the tariff regime or subject it to price controls and not to alter the basic rules governing contracts between the foreign investor and the host State without the first's written consent. However, the protection under the umbrella clause is available only when there is a specific breach of rights and obligations under BIT or a violation of contract rights protected under BIT.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.555-564
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• 2002

Twenty Landrace and twenty Min piglets, with an average initial body weight of 22.4 kg, were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 animals per group, within each of the breeds. The piglets were housed in individual concrete pens. Each group of the piglets was fed one of 5 diets. The diets contained either 20% raw Argentine soybeans, 20% processed Argentine soybeans ($118^{\circ}C$ for 7.5 min.), 20% raw Chinese soybeans, 20% processed Chinese soybeans ($118^{\circ}C$ for 7.5 min.) or no soybean products (control diet). Faecal samples were collected on days 6, 7 and 8 of the treatment period. Digestibilities of dietary nutrients were determined with AIA (acid insoluble ash) as a marker. After a 17 day treatment, three piglets were killed from each of the groups. Tissue samples of small and large intestine for light and electron microscopy examination were taken immediately after the opening of abdomen. Then, the weight or size of relevant organs was measured. The results show that the digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and fat were higher in Min piglets than in Landrace piglets (p<0.05). The diets containing processed soybeans had a significant higher CP digestibility than the control diet and the diets containing raw soybeans (p<0.05). Landrace piglets had heavier and longer small intestines, heavier kidneys and a lighter spleen than Min piglets (p<0.05). The pancreas of the animals fed the diets containing processed soybeans was heavier than that of the animals fed control diet (p<0.05) and the diets containing raw soybeans. But, the differences between raw and processed soybean diets were not significant. A significant interaction (p<0.05) between diet and pig breed was observed in weight of the small intestine. The Landrace piglets increased the weight in their small intestine when they were fed the diets containing soybeans. In the light micrographs and electron scanning micrographs, it was found that the villi of small intestinal epithelium of animals (especially Landrace piglets) fed the diets containing raw Chinese soybeans were seriously damaged. The transmission electron micrograph showed that a lot of vesicles were located between the small intestinal microvilli of these piglets. The histological examination also indicated that the proportion of goblet cells in villi and crypts in the piglets consuming the control diet was significantly lower (p<0.01 and p<0.02, respectively) than those of the animals consuming the diets containing raw or processed soybeans.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1322-1330
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• 2016

This experiment was conducted to determine standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of commonly used feed ingredients in poultry diets in Pakistan. These feed ingredients included corn, rice broken (RB), rice polishings (RP), wheat bran (WB), sunflower meal (SFM), cottonseed meal (CSM), guar meal (GM), soybean meal (SBM) from India and Argentine and fish meal (FM). The SIAAD of each ingredient was determined in triplicate using 21-days-old broilers. Day-old male broiler chicks (Hubbard${\times}$ Hubbard) were reared on corn-SBM based diet from 1 to 13 days and thereafter birds were fed experimental diets from day 14 to 21. Each diet was fed to 36 birds kept in six replicate cages, each cage had six birds. In cereals, the SIAAD of corn's amino acid (AA) (90.1%) was similar (p>0.05) to RB (89.0%). Isoleucine (97.8%) and lysine (96.9%) were highly digestible AA in corn and RB, respectively. Among cereal-by products, WB's SIAAD (76.9%) was same (p>0.05) as RP (71.9%). Arginine from WB (82.5%) and RP (83.2%) was highly digestible. However, threonine in WB (72.7%) and leucine in RP (69.6%) were the lowest digestible AAs. In plant protein meals, AAs from Argentine-SBM (85.1%) and Indian-SBM (83.4%) had higher (p<0.5) SIAAD than other protein meals. However, SIAAD of SFM (77.1%) and CSM (71.7%) was intermediate while GM (60.3%) exhibited the lowest (p<0.05) SIAAD among all ingredients. Arginine from GM (76.9%), CSM (85.8%), SBM-India (89.5%) and SBM-Argentine (91.5%) was highly digestible from indispensable AAs. In SFM, methionine (91.4%) SIAAD was the greatest. The average SIAAD of FM was 77.6%. Alanine from FM had the highest (84.0%) but cysteine (62.8%) had the lowest SIAAD. In conclusion, cereals i.e. corn and RB had higher (p<0.05) SIAAD of the cereals by-products. The SIAAD of RP and WB was same (p>0.05). The SBM from plant protein meals had higher (p<0.05) SIAAD than other studied feed ingredients. However, the GM had the lowest (p<0.05) SIAAD among protein meals.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.131-138
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• 2012

본 연구는 제주지역에서 난지형 목초의 도입을 위한 버뮤다그라스와 바히아그라스의 생육특성 및 사초생산성을 평가하기 위하여 국립축산과학원 난지축산시험장 조사료 시험포장 (해발 200 m)에서 2007년 4월부터 2009년 12월까지 수행하였다. 난지형 영년생 화본과 목초인 버뮤다그라스 "Common", "제주 자생형 (Ecotype)" 품종과 바히아그라스 "Argentine", "Tifton 9" 품종을 2007년 4월 22일에 파종하였다. 버뮤다그라스의 출현일은 5월 8일로 파종 후 16일정도 소요되었으며 바히아그라스는 파종 후 24~28일 정도 소요되는 것으로 나타났다. 출수기는 버뮤다그라스 Common은 5월 28일, 바이하그라스 Tifton 9은 7월 4일에 출수기에 도달하였다. 버뮤다그라스의 3년간 평균 건물수량은 Common이 16,749 kg/ha으로 Ecotype 보다 다소 높게 나타났으며 바히아그라스에 있어서는 Tifton 9이 23,695 kg/ha으로 Argentine 보다 높게 나타났다. 조단백질 함량은 버뮤다그라스의 Ecotype이 13.86%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 ADF 함량은 버뮤다그라스 common이 27.97%로 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 총 가소화영양소 (TDN) 함량은 버뮤다그라스가 65.48%로 바히아그라스 보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며 in vitro 건물소화율은 각각 70.90%, 70.44%로 두초종이 모두 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 제주지역에서 버뮤다그라스와 바히아그라스는 월동이 가능하여 여름철 조사료자원으로 활용이 가능하고 또한 지하경과 포복경을 가지고 있어 말의 제상에 강한 특성을 가지고 있어 여름철 방목용 초종으로 적합한 것으로 판단된다.