• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2011

Archaeological survey has been carried out to find some evidence of human occupation in 31 caves in Pyeoungchang, Danyang, Jincheon, Goesan, Munkyoung, Boeun, Sangju in central limestone area of the Korean peninsula. Among those caves, some archaeological evidences were observed in 11 caves. Various types of potteries, animal bones and stone artifacts were collected on surface of sediments in caves. Among them, the Mosan cave in Munkyoung and the Kwangcheonseongul in Pyeoungchang are very likely to yield important archaeological remains in the well preserved deposits in the caves. Further researches are expected to provide significant information for explaining human living from prehistoric time to historical periods.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.20
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• pp.31-42
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• 2007

The archaeological site of Nambuk-dong, Yongyu Island, Incheon which goes back to the Neolithic making it difficult to identify character of site, To get information for identifying utility and character of Open-Air Hearths within the finds, an organic residues analysis was conducted on soil and stone sample, sterol was analysis to determine the originality of archaeological sample, then percentage of fatty acid was identify the species of sample. As a result, it is assumed that No. 9, 10, 12 finds once had shellfish-related materials remain, No. 32 find seemed to have animal materials, No. 42, 43 finds were related to plant. In conclusion, it seems that open-air hearths of Yongyu Island had utility mainly related to making seafood.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.22
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• pp.27-40
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• 2001

DNA typing is often used to determine identity from human remains. Recently, the molecular biological analysis of ancient deposits has become possible since methods for the recovery of DNA conserved in bones or teeth from archaeological remains have been developed. In the field of archaeology, one of the most promising approaches is to identify the individuals present in a mass burial site. We performed nuclear DNA typing and mitochondrial DNA sequencing analysis based on PCR from a Korea ancient human remain excavated from Sa-chon Nuk-island and civilian access controlline(CACL). A femur bone were collected and successfully subjected to DNA extraction, quantification, PCR amplification, and subsequently typed for several shot tandem repeat(STR)loci. 4 types of STR systems used in this study were CTT multiplex(CSF1PO, TPOX, TH01), FFv multiplex(F13A01, FESFPS, vWA), Silver STRⅢ multiplex(D16S539, D7S820, D13S317), and amelogenin for sex determination. This studies are primarily concerned with the extraction, amplification, and DNA typing of ancient human bone DNA samples. Also, it is suggestive of importance about closely relationship between both fields of archaeology and molecular biology.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

This paper provides quantitative data that describes the evolution of the air quality in the Whale and Sea Museum, located in the Iwate prefecture, collected after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. The museum was damaged significantly by the disaster, and restoration works continued for over six years. The air quality in the temporary storage facility and museum was monitored during the rehabilitation process. Evaluation of air quality is carried out by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry, ion chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the characteristics of the chemical components differed depending on the measurement locations inside the building. The museum atmosphere tended to be alkaline as the airtightness increased because of the maintenance works at the entrance. It was also determined that it was necessary to study the intake/exhaust routes and to clean them according to the contamination degree. In Japan, there are recommended museum air quality standards for acetic acid, formic acid, alkali, and aldehydes. The results indicated that these standards should not be used as a reference for damaged museums. Furthermore, at the temporary storage facilities for to store the collections during the rehabilitation of the museum, solvents such as ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylene are initially abundant, although they can be reduced by ventilation, while other components such as 2E1H was confirmed in this case are likely to remain.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.92-105
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• 2014

Microbial characteristics of bacterial population were investigated in human remains and soil inside the bones in excavated grave no.4 and no.5 at Keundokgol site, Osu-ri, Buyeo. Phylogenetic characteristics of bacterial populations were analyzed by direct extracting of ancient DNA. In this study, based on the 16S rDNA sequences, in case of grave no.4, 319s from human remain were classified into 11 phyla, and 462s from soil were classified into 16 phyla. In case of grave no.5, 271s from human remain were classified into 10 phyla, and 497s from soil were classified into 11 phyla. Especially, Actinobacteria phylogenetic group are dominant group of bacterial populations in grave no.4 and no.5. Also, most of these were analyzed uncultured group. Thus, the discovery of a diversely microbial community and uncultured group was thought to be due to the specificity of the sample. Conclusively the general excavated human bones were contaminated with soil bacteria species their near around. This results contribute to preservation and management of ancient human bone from archaeological sites.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.306-333
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• 2010

Previous studies on Wolseong fortress have focused on capital system of Silla Dynasty and on the recreation of Wolseong fortress due to the excavations in and around Wolseong moat. Since the report on the Geographical Survey of Wolseong fortress was published and GPR survey in Wolseong fortress was executed as a trial test in 2004, the academic interest in the site has now expanded to the inside of the fortress. From such context, the preliminary research on the fortress including geophysical survey had been commenced. GPR survey had been conducted for a year from March, 2007. The principal purpose of the recent 3D GPR survey was to provide visualization of subsurface images of the entire Wolseong fortress area. In order to obtain 3D GPR data, dense profile lines were laid in grid-form. The total area surveyed was $112,535m^2$. Depth slice was applied to analyse each level to examine how the layers of the remains had changed and overlapped over time. In addition, slice overlay analysis methodology was used to gather reflects of each depth on a single map. Isolated surface visualization, which is one of 3D analysis methods, was also employed to gain more in-depth understanding and more accurate interpretations of the remain The GPR survey has confirmed that there are building sites whose archaeological features can be classified into 14 different groups. Three interesting areas with huge public building arrangement have been found in Zone 2 in the far west, Zone 9 in the middle, and Zone 14 in the far east. It is recognized that such areas must had been used for important public functions. This research has displayed that 3D GPR survey can be effective for a vast area of archaeological remains and that slice overlay images can provide clearer image with high contrast for objects and remains buried the site.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.353-368
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• 2016

The importance of Gotjawal located in the mid-mountain area of Jeju Island has been emphasized in various aspects. This study aims to identify the value of Gotjawal as a life-cultural space. This will be illustrated by tracing the locals' previous pasturing activities and the management of village common pastures. Cheongsu Village Common Pasture and Jeoji Village Common Pasture in Cheongsu-Jeoji Gotjawal area, which are the study areas, have been actively used by local farmhouses since the establishment of the pastures in 1930's. In particular cattle were significant means for agriculture and transportation methods in 1960's and 1970's. The farmhouses were needed to breed cattle as one of the main economic means. Pasturing cattle on the village common pastures has developed a unique ranching culture. Furthermore, cooperative work of these farmhouses were performed. These include the establishment of ponds for water supply and the preparation of hay. Ranching facilities for pasturing were built on village common pastures and still remain in Gotjawal area. This has been used in the understanding of the locals' lives in the mid-mountain area of Jeju Island.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.493-502
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• 2018

Currently, the fabrication of a high-tin bronze spoon by traditional manufacturing techniques involves 10 steps in the bronze ware workshop. Hot forging has a major influence on manufacturing and involves two to three steps. The dendritic ${\alpha}$-phase in the microstructure of the high-tin bronze spoon is refined and finely dispersed through hot forging. In addition, twinning is observed in the ${\alpha}$-phase of the hammered part, and the ${\alpha}$-phase microstructure gradually transform from a polygon to a circular shape due to hammering. In this process, the adjacent ${\alpha}$-phases overlap with each other and remain combined after quenching. The microstructure with the overlapping is also observed in bronze artifacts, and this shows the correlation with technical system. The results of the experimental hot forging of Cu-22%Sn alloys show that the decrease in in the amount of the dendritic microstructure, which forms during casting, is in proportion to the number of processing steps and that the refined grain obtained by hammering contributes to the improvement in the strength of the material. From the hammering marks, which are observed on both the bronze artifact excavated from archaeological sites and on the high-tin bronze spoon produced in the traditional workshop, it is presumed that the knowledge regarding the unrecorded manufacturing system of bronze ware in ancient times has been passed down in a traditional way up to the system used currently.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 2023

Although foxtail and broomcorn millet have been cultivated since the Neolithic Age on the Korean Peninsula, there have been few studies on how the importance of millet cultivation changed over time. The discovery of millet has been rare in the Mahan-Baekje villages in the Jeonnam region, and archaeological discussions on ancient farming have centered around rice farming. However, a large amount of millet was found at the Osan site in Bongrim-ri, Jangheung, showing that the tradition of millet cultivation continued during the AD 3-4 centuries. In contrast to rice farming, which requires low-lying wetlands, hot and humid summers, and a large labor force, millet cultivation has few restrictions in terms of growing environment and labor mobilization. Regarding harvesting seasons, the crops at the Osan site can be divided into fall harvesting (rice, legumes, millet) and summer harvesting (wheat). Regarding field locations, the crops are divided into wetland crops (rice) and dryland crops (wheat, legumes, millet). The operation of the dual agricultural system contributed to subsistence resilience and agricultural production, making it possible to effectively manage social and climatic crises.