• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.27-34
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• 1987

The characteristics of arc sprayed layer were studied with hardness test and microstructural observation. The erosion resistance of arc sprayed layer was also evaluated using a method of steel ball blasting test which was proposed in this study as a test method for measuring the erosion properties in the impact wear condition. By an impact of the molten droplets on the redeposited substrate, lamella structure was formed which contains laminated oxide layers, fissures, and porosities. As a result of mechanical tests, it was shown that the sprayed specimen showed higher hardness than the substrate, but it resulted in higher erosion rate than the substrate. The poor erosion property obtained with a sprayed coating was considered to be attributable to easy flaking off the the layers laminated with brittle oxide layers.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2000

This study has been performed for mechanical properties of underwater wet welding electrode with rolled steel (KR-RA) for ship structure, one kind (E 4313) of domestic covered arc welding electrode used in the air and two kinds (UWE-01, UWE-02) of underwater covered arc welding electrode experimentally developed on the same welding condition. The results obtained were as follows : The hardness value of underwater covered arc welding electrode (UWE-01) was about 8.3% lower than domestic covered arc welding electrode(E 4313) in heat affected zone of test of UWF-02 was lower about 4.5%. Tensile strengths of UWE-01 were about 0.9%, and those of UWE-02 were about 6.5% higher than those of domestic covered arc welding electrodes (E 4313) in test specimens. The impect value of UWE-01 were about 15.5%, and those of UWE-02 were about 21.7% highter than those of domestic covered arc welding electrodes(E 4313) in test specimens. So mechanical properties of the underwater arc welding electrode were improved by the composition ratios of covering materials.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.112-117
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• 2003

MgO 박막은 PDP(plasma display panels)분야에서 널리 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는, 기존에 사용되고 있는 e-beam evaporation, reactive magnetron sputtering법과 arc deposition법으로 MgO 보호막을 증착하여 구조적 · 광학적 특성을 비교하였다. 반응 가스인 산소 가스의 유입량을 변화시켜 Mg metal target을 이용하여 vacuum arc deposition equipment 의해 유리 기판 위에 증착하였다. Ellipsometer를 이용하여 치밀도를 측정하고, MgO보호막의 마모율(erosion rate)를 측정하기 위해 가속 실험 방법을 도입, Ar+ 이온빔에 의한 erosion test를 시행하여 내마모성을 알아보았다. 또한, XPS와 UV test를 사용하여 MgO보호막의 광투과도에 미치는 수분의 영향을 조사한 결과, arc evaporation 법이 광투과도 90%이상을 유지하여 수분의 영향에 둔감한 것을 알 수 있었다. 한편, XRD와 AFM을 이용하여 MgO 박막의 구조와 표면 형상에 대해 조사하였다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2020

In this study, Mitigation of Potential-induced degradation (PID) for PERC solar cells using SiO2 Structure of ARC layer. The conventional PID test was conducted with a cell-level test based on the IEC-62804 test standard, but a copper PID test device was manufactured to increase the PID detection rate. The accelerated aging test was conducted by maintaining 96 hours with a potential difference of 1000 V at a temperature of 60℃. As a result, the PERC solar cell of SiO2-Free ARC structure decreased 22.11% compared to the initial efficiency, and the PERC solar cell of the Upper-SiO2 ARC structure decreased 30.78% of the initial efficiency and the PID reliability was not good. However, the PERC solar cell with the lower-SiO2 ARC structure reduced only 2.44%, effectively mitigating the degradation of PID. Na+ ions in the cover glass generate PID on the surface of the PERC solar cell. In order to prevent PID, the structure of SiNx and SiO2 thin films of the ARC layer is important. SiO2 thin film must be deposited on bottom of ARC layer and the surface of the PERC solar cell N-type emitter to prevent surface recombination and stacking fault defects of the PERC solar cell and mitigated PID degradation.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제13권4호통권35호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1999

Wet underwater arc welding process is investigated by using experimentally developed flux coated underwater arc welding electrode and SS400 steel plate of 12mm thickness as base metal. Three kinds of different flux covered wet arc welding electrode of 4mm diameter(BK-01, BK-02, BK-03) are individually developed, and one of the improved underwater welding electrode (BK-03) may be put to practical use for underwater wet arc welding process. The results obtained from this experimental study are as follows : 1. Arc stability of developed underwater wet welding electrode is better than that of the domestic covered arc welding electrode. 2. Workability of welding electrode, remove ability of slag and bead appearances using improved underwater wet welding electrode are remarkably better than that of others. 3. Heat affected zone of test specimen welded in the underwater gets to become a lot smaller than that of test specimen welded in the air, and the maximum hardness of heat affect zone of developed underwater wet welding electrode is lower to that of domestic arc welding electrode.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.1566-1570
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• 2007

[ $SF_6$ ] gas circuit breakers are widely used for short circuit current interruption in EHV(Extra High Voltage) or UHV(Ultra High Voltage) power systems. To develop $SF_6$ gas circuit breakers, the arc resistance value is necessary to compare experimental results to numerical ones. The arc resistance value can be obtained from a breaking test with a $SF_6$ gas circuit breaker. The direct testing or synthetic testing facility is widely used to verify the breaking ability for $SF_6$ gas circuit breakers. We employed the simplified synthetic testing facility to test a $SF_6$ gas circuit breaker prototype. The arc resistance characteristic was measured and calculated under the various experimental conditions. This arc resistance value can be used for verifying the numerical results from arc simulation in a circuit breakers.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2008

목적: 본 연구는 Carl Zeiss사의 Pola Test E-II를 이용하여 성인 대상자의 평균 원거리 입체시를 측정하였으며, 사위 교정에 따른 원거리 입체시의 변화를 평가하였다. 방법: 성인(19~46세) 50명(남 29명, 여 21명)을 대상으로 Pola Test E-II의 D6 Circle 시표와 D8 Line 시표를 이용하여 원거리 입체시를 조사하였다. 결과: 원거리 평균 입체시는 D6 Circle 검사의 경우에 159.6초, D8 Line 검사의 경우에 149.4초를 각각 나타냈다. 사위성분과 사위량에 따른 사위교정 전 후 원거리 입체시의 변화는 D6 Circle 검사의 경우에 외사위는 평균 43.2초 증가하였으며, 내사위는 평균 51초 증가하였다. D8 Line 검사의 경우에 외사위는 평균 42초 증가하였으며, 내사위는 평균 70.2초 증가하였다. 결론: 입체시 검사 결과로부터 내사위인 경우에 외사위인 경우보다 사위교정 후 입체시가 더 크게 향상됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1988년도 추계학술대회 논문집 학회본부
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• pp.376-378
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• 1988

W/CE system contacts were manufactured f a press sinter-infiltrate process to compare with their arc erosion mechanism. The results of arc switching test show that erosion rate of contacts is dependence of test current and there is difference in the erosion rates between W contacts and WC contacts. At high current of 1000A erosion rate of W contacts is critically increased by formation of surface cracks. In especial arc anti-erosion is improved by Hi additive.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2022

This paper applies the arc detection algorithm to prevent the false detection in photo voltaic series arc detection circuit, which is required not only to detect the series arc quickly, but also not falsely detect the arc for the non-arc noise. For this purpose, this study proposes a rapid and preventive false detection method of single peak noise and short noise signals. First, to prevent false detection by single peak noise, Discrete wavelet transform (DWT)-based characteristic parameters are applied to determine the shape and the amplitude of the noise. In addition, arc fault detection within a few milliseconds is performed with the DWT iterative algorithm to quickly prevent false detection for short noise signals, considering the continuity of serial arc noise. Thus, the method operates not only to detect series arc, but also to avoid false arc detection for peak and short noises. The proposed algorithm is applied to real-time serial arc detection circuit based on the TMS320F28335 DSP. The serial arc detection and peak noise filtering performances are verified in the built simulated arc test facility. Furthermore, the filtering performance of short noise generated through DC switch operation is confirmed.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2014

In this study, API-X100 steel pipes were welded with various kinds of welding wires in the laser-arc hybrid welding process. 10kW fiber laser source was combined to MIG arc welding process. API X-100 steel of base metal was of 16.9mm thickness, and butt welding applied. After welding, full penetration weld was acquired by 1-pass welding. A root porosity and the lack of fusion was observed in some welding conditions. By the mixing the melted wire, acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite, pro-eutectoid, aligned side plate, and bainite structures were observed at the weld metal. From the observation of hybrid weld, unmixed zone had more Ni and Cr. The unmixed zone was a 1/3 area of the weld metal. As the mechanical test of the hybrid welding, tensile test and impact test applied. From the tensile test, all of the welding except SM70S was fractured at the base metal. The result of the impact test at -30 degree C led 60J~320J of the absorbed energy. The result of the low-absorbed energy might be from the coarse equiaxed structures of the weld metal.