• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2020.06a
• /
• pp.266-266
• /
• 2020

본 연구에서는 기후변화로 인한 남북공유하천유역의 미래 수문특성 변화를 전망하기 위해 ArcGIS 프로그램을 통해 산정된 격자형 수문특성 매개변수를 분포형 모형인 GRM에 적용하여 임진강유역의 미래 유출수문특성 변화를 분석하였다. 분포형 모형에 사용되는 강우량 자료는 기상관측소 단위로 상세화된 13개 전지구 기후 모델 중 RCP4.5, 8.5 시나리오의 공유하천유역 인접 11개 관측소별 빈도해석 결과를 시·공간적으로 분포하여 사용하였다. 또한 미래기간별 유출특성 변화추이를 분석하기 위하여 참조기간(1981-2005), 21세기 전반기(F1, 2011-2040), 중반기(F2, 2041-2070), 후반기(F3, 2071-2100)로 구분하여 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 본 연구의 대상지점인 임진강유역은 기후변화로 인해 확률강우량이 증가하여 유역의 유출수문특성에 직접적인 영향이 있을 것으로 예측되었다. RCP 4.5 시나리오에서는 21세기 후반기인 F3에 확률강우량 및 유출량의 증가추세가 줄어들 것으로 전망되나, 참조기간 대비 F1에서 20.4%, F2에서 35.7%, F3에서 34.6%의 평균 유출량 증가율을 보였으며, RCP 8.5 시나리오에서는 F1에서 19.9%, F2에서 38.3%, F3에서 67.8%로 지속적인 증가가 전망되었다. 또한 첨두홍수량 발생시각은 참조기간 대비 약 4.6~13.3% 감소가 예상되었다. 기후변화로 인한 홍수량의 변화는 재해위험을 증가시킬 수 있으며, 이러한 상황에서 남한과 북한의 협력을 통한 유역통합관리의 필요성은 점차 커질 것으로 보인다. 이를 위해서는 정확한 수문학적 분석을 선행하여야 하며, 본 연구가 남북공유하천유역의 재해위험을 평가하는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.83-99
• /
• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.593-602
• /
• 2011

The estuarine area of the ecological environment had been seriously damaged by reckless developments during the past half century. The demand for management in estuarine area increased but the efficient management system did not exist. Therefore the aim of this study is to develop a GIS-based integrated DB management system by integrating the ecological environmental data of each division in estuarine area. To achieve this, the system used integrated DB. It is classified into a surveyed monitoring DB in 2010 at estuarine area of Yeongsan and GIS DB to express the spatial data. The integrated DB management system was developed using VisualBasic.NET languages and Arcobjects component for Map-based spatial analysis. Also, to improve the utilization of data, the composition of GUI(Graphical User Interface) through user needs analysis, the expression of monitoring DB, the priority of layer and the function for modular unit were defined. Ultimately the system was developed based on the defined items. GIS-based integrated DB management system can support to understand the ecological environment in estuarine area of Yeongsan river. Also it will provide the users with effective sharing and environmental management of the data. In the future study, comprehensive diagnosis for ecological environment in estuarine area and the reliable prediction need to be made by connecting modeling system.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 2003

Delftia acidovorans 51-A isolated from river water degrades aniline. In order to clone genes involved in aniline degradation, transposon Tn5-B20 was inserted into the strain 51-A to generate a mutant strain 10-4-2 that cannot utilize aniline as a carbon source. The mutant strain was not an auxotroph but could not degrade aniline. Southern hybridization analysis indicated that the transposon was inserted into the mutant bacterial DNA as a single copy. Flanking DNA fragment of Tn5-B2O insertion was cloned and sequenced. DNA sequence analysis revealed three ORFs encoding TdnQ, TdnT, and TdnA 1 that arc responsible for catechol formation from aniline through oxidative deamination. The analysis also confirmed that Tn5-B2O was inserted at the immediate downstream of tdnA1. The result suggests that the transposon insertion behind tdirA1 disrupted the pathway of the catechol formation from aniline, resulting in the mutant phenotype, which cannot degrade aniline. A large plasmid over 100-kb in size was detected from D. acidovorans 51-A and Southern hybridization analysis with Tn5-B2O probe showed that the transposon was inserted on the plasmid named pTDN51. Our results indicated that the tdn genes on pTDN51 of D. acidovorans 51-A are involved in aniline degradation.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.175-182
• /
• 1998

Recently it is reported that anomalously low saline surface waters (salinity < 32) occurred at the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea-Japan Sea, during early September to November 1996. Apparent source of such a low saline watermass seems remotely linked to the Changjiang Dilute Water (CDW), which expands to the vicinity of Cheju Island during a flood season. Based on the assumption that waters passing through the Western Channel of the Korea Strait are formed by a mixing of Kuroshio Water and CDW, simplified two end-member mixing model using $^{228}Ra/^{226}Ra$ as a conservative tracer is applied to calculate the contribution of each end member for the formation of low saline surface seawater. Model calculations show CDW contributes $58{\pm}3%$ in September 1996 (S=32.17) and $10{\pm}3%$ in February 1997 (S=34.53) in the formation of surface water flowing into the Western Channel of the Korea Strait. Although results arc deduced from a simplified model with limited data, this study demonstrates that Changjiang discharge is clearly traceable to the interior of the East Sea-Japan Sea in fall season. Undergoing Three Valley Dam construction in the Changjiang River would invoke inevitable changes in the nature and discharge of CDW and its impacts on the marine environment might be significant in the northern East China Sea and even in the Ulleng Basin for coming decades.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.104-110
• /
• 2015

It is known that polymer concretes are 8~10 times more expensive than ordinary Portland cement concretes; therefore, in the production of polymer concrete products, it is very important to reduce the amount of polymer binders used because this occupies the most of the production cost of polymer concretes. In order to develop a technology for the reduction of polymer binders, smooth and spherical aggregates were prepared by the atomizing technology using the oxidation process steel slag (electric arc furnace slag, EAFS) and the reduction process steel slag (ladle furnace slag, LFS) generated by steel industries. A reduction in the amount of polymer binders used was expected because of an improvement in the workability of polymer concretes as a result of the ball-bearing effect and maximum filling effect in case the polymer concrete was prepared using the smooth and spherical atomized steel slag instead of the calcium carbonate (filler) and river sand (fine aggregate) that were generally used in polymer concretes. To investigate physical properties of the polymer concrete, specimens of the polymer concrete were prepared with various proportions of polymer binder and replacement ratios of the atomized reduction process steel slag. The results showed that the compressive strengths of the specimens increased gradually along with the higher replacement ratios of the atomized steel slag, but the flexural strength showed a different maximum strength depending on the addition ratio of polymer binders. In the hot water resistance test, the compressive strength, flexural strength, bulk density, and average pore diameter decreased; but the total pore volume and porosity increased. It was found that the polymer concrete developed in this study was able to have a 19% reduction in the amount of polymer binders compared with that of the conventional product because of the remarkable improvement in the workability of polymer concretes using the spherical atomized oxidation steel slag and atomized reduction steel slag instead of the calcium carbonate and river sand.