• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study uses X-rays investigate how university students' smart phone use affects the cervical vertebral angle. METHODS: Ninety-two randomly selected students agreed to participate in this study. The participants' number of hours of smart phone use was gathered using a questionnaire. An X-ray of the participants' cervical vertebrae was taken, and the cervical vertebral angle was measured using the Cobb and the absolute rotation angle (ARA) method. Also, the relation between pain and hours of smart phone use was identified using a visual analog scale (VAS). Using SPSS ver18, the relationships among the cervical vertebral angle and the items in the questionnaire were identified and a frequency analysis, an independent t-test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) were calculated. RESULTS: The study showed that an increase in the number hours of smart phone per day led to cervical lordosis(p<0.05). The relationships between points of smart phone addiction and cervical vertebral angle have a negative correlation (p<0.05). Therefore, there are the higher smart phone addiction points, the decrease the cervical vertebral angle. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that increase in smart phone use lead to cervical lordosis, and smart phone addiction scores resulted in decreased in the cervical vertebral angle.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.281-291
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• 2012

In this study, WET (whole effluent toxicity) test with Skeletonema costatum, Tigriopus japonicus and Paralichthys olivaceus and ERA (environmental risk assessment) were conducted to assess the unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem by emitting the treated discharge water from 'ARA Plasma BWTS' BWMS (ballast water management system) using filtration, Plasma and MPUV module. 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS shown slight chronic toxicity effect on the P. olivaceus ($7d-LC_{50}{\Rightarrow}100.00%$ treated discharge water, $7d-LC_{25}{\Rightarrow}85.15%$ treated discharge water). Bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene in 34 psu treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS were higher than in the background original content of seawater. The PECs (predictive environmental concentrations) of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene calculated by MAMPEC (marine antifoulant model to predict environmental concentrations) program (ver. 3.0) were 3.34E-03, 2.10E-03 and 1.73E-03 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$, respectively and PNECs (predicted no effect concentrations) of them were 1.6, 0.5 and 1.9 ${\mu}g\;L^{-1}$. The PEC/PNEC ratio of bromobenzene, chlorobenzene and 4-chlorotoluene did not exceed one and 3 substances did not consider as persistence, bioaccumulative and toxic. Therefore, it was suggested that treated discharge water from ARA Plasma BWTS did not pose unacceptable effect on marine ecosystem.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1898-1903
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• 2007

We attempted to modulate the overall protein expression rate through the addition of a repressor against the araBAD promoter system of Escherichia coli, in which glucose was used as a repressor. Therefore, 0.5% L-arabinose was initially contained as an inducer in culture medium, and either 2% glucose or 2% glycerol was used as a carbon source, and it was found that the expression of recombinant interferon-${\alpha}$ could be observed at the beginning of the batch culture when glycerol was used as a carbon source. However, when glucose was used, the initiation of recombinant interferon-${\alpha}$ expression was delayed compared with that when glycerol was used. Furthermore, when the addition of 0.5% glucose was carried out once or twice after 0.5% L-arabinose induction during DO-stat fed-batch culture, the distributions of soluble and insoluble recombinant interferon-${\alpha}$ were modulated. When glucose was not added after the induction of L-arabinose, all of the expressed recombinant interferon-${\alpha}$ formed an inclusion body during the later half of culturing. However, when glucose was added after induction, the expressed recombinant interferon-${\alpha}$ did not all form an inclusion body, and about half of the total recombinant interferon-${\alpha}$ was expressed in a soluble form. It was deduced that the addition of glucose after the induction of L-arabinose might lower the cAMP level, and thus, CAP (catabolite activator protein) might not be activated. The transcription rate of recombinant interferon-${\alpha}$ in the araBAD promoter system might be delayed by the partial repression. This inhibition of the transcription rate probably resulted in more soluble interferon-${\alpha}$ expression caused by the reduction of the protein synthesis rate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.28-28
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• 1998

RbsC of Escherichia coli is the integral membrane component of the high-affinity ribose transport system classified as the AraH family. To understand the function and structure of RbsC, the topology of RbsC was investigated by alkaline phosphatase fusion. Characterization of a total of 64 RbsC-PhoA fusions revealed that RbsC is composed of six transmembrane helixes and has three periplasmic and two cytoplasmic loops.(omitted)

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1994

The Escherichia coli aroA and serC genes constitute a mixed-function operon which involves in two different amino acid biosynthetic pathways. The regulation of expression of serC-aroA operon was evaluated through the use of a serC-araA-lacZ fusion plasmid pWH2. The expression of the serC-aroA operon was decreased by aromatic amino acids such as tyrosine, tryptophan, and phenylalanine. The repressible effects were diminished in E. coli tyrR of trpR strain, indicating the involvemnt of TyrR of TrpR protein in the repression. Tyrosine was competitie with cAMP in the influence on the expression of the serC-AroA operon. From these data, it was suggested that the serC-aroA operon is controlled by aromatic amino acids in a negative manner.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.788-801
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• 2021

This study examined biochemical components, fatty acids, antioxidant dipeptides, and muscle fiber density of breast and thigh muscles from Korean new native chicken strains (A and B) at two slaughter ages, compared with white semi-broiler (W) or broilers. The pH values were different by chicken breed. The new native strains had the lowest fat content in the breast at 12 wk (p<0.05). Regardless of the muscles, A and B at 12 wk had higher levels of arachidonic acid (ARA; C20:4), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6), and nervonic acid (C24:1) than broilers (p<0.05). A similar result was observed for the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids ratio (P/S) content in the breast. Irrespective of the muscles, A and B enriched with omega-3 fatty acids had a lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio than broilers (p<0.05) at 12 wk. Of the antioxidant di-peptides, the anserine contents were highest in A and B than in the W or broilers (p<0.05), regardless of the muscles and slaughter ages. Furthermore, the breast meat from A and B contained a higher muscle fiber density for both slaughter ages than the W and broilers (p<0.05). Based on these findings, even if the commercial birds (broilers or W) are raised under the similar environmental conditions as A and B, the new native chicken strains have distinct meat quality attributes, particularly higher ARA and DHA levels, lower ω-6/ω-3 PUFA ratio, and higher anserine contents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.739-746
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• 2016

A total of 152 pig farms were randomly selected from the five provinces in South Korea. During the experiment, the average temperature and relative humidity was $24.7^{\circ}C$ and 74% in summer and $2.4^{\circ}C$ and 53% in winter, respectively. The correlation between floor space allowance (FSA) and productivity index was analyzed, including non-productive sow days (NPD), number of weaners (NOW), survival rate (SR), appearance rate of A-grade pork (ARA), and days at a slaughter weight of 110 kg (d-SW) at different growth stages. The objectives of the present study were i) to determine the effect of FSA on the pig productivity index and ii) to suggest the minimum FSA for pigs based on scientific baseline data. For the pregnant sow, NPD could be decreased if pregnant sows were raised with a medium level (M) of FSA (3.10 to $3.67m^2/head$) while also keeping the pig house clean which improves hygiene, and operating the ventilation system properly. For the farrowing sows, the NOW tended to decrease as the FSA increased. Similarly, a high level of FSA (H) is significantly negative with weaner SR of farrowing sows (p-value = 0.017), indicating this FSA tends to depress SR. Therefore, a FSA of 2.30 to $6.40m^2/head$ (very low) could be appropriate for weaners because a limited space can provide a sense of security and protection from external interruptions. The opposite trend was observed that an increase in floor space (> $1.12m^2/head$ leads to increase the SR of growing pigs. For the fattening pigs, H level of FSA was negatively correlated with SR, but M level of FSA was positively correlated with SR, indicating that SR tended to increase with the FSA of 1.10 to $1.27m^2/head$. In contrast, ARA of male fattening pigs showed opposite results. H level of FSA (1.27 to $1.47m^2/head$) was suggested to increase productivity because ARA was most affected by H level of space allowance with positive correlation ($R^2=0.523$). The relationship between the FSA and d-SW of fattening pigs was hard to identify because of the low $R^2$ value. However, the farms that provided a relatively large floor space (1.27 to $1.54m^2/head$) during the winter period showed d-SW was significantly and negatively affected by FSA.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.5826-5834
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• 2014

This paper examined the changes in flow patterns due to a blockage of tidal currents in the sea areas between Incheon North Port and Yeomha Channel when it would be influenced by the construction of the Incheon North Port Yeongjongdo dredged soil dumping ground and Incheon Bay tidal power plant. The numerical simulation was performed for three cases: before and after constructing the Incheon North Port Yeongjongdo dredged soil dumping ground and after the construction of the sea-dyke on the east side of the Incheon Bay tidal power plant. The simulation results showed that the tidal directions and currents velocity were similar before and after the construction of the Yeongjongdo dredged soil dumping ground. After the construction of the East Sea-dyke of Incheon tide power plant, however, the tidal currents patterns changed significantly due to flow blockage toward Gyeonggi Bay. The main flow was formed in the north-south direction, and the tidal currents velocity increased slightly on the downstream areas (A,B,C) of Hodo, which is the entrance of the Ara Waterway. The tidal currents at the mouth(D) of Yeomha Channel decreased significantly. The tidal currents of the west side of Se-eodo and the east side of the sea-dyke were rotary currents. The results of this study will provide basic data for the environmental impact assessment and the operation of the Gyeongin Ara Waterway.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.203-215
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• 1991

Using the calorimetric [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT)assay, we evaluated the chemosensitivity of 8 anticancer drugs{vincristine(VCR), vinblastine(VBL), adriamycin(ADR), cisplatin(CPDD), etoposide(VP-16), cytosine arabinoside(ara-C), bleomycin (Bleo) and cyclophosphamide(CYC)} and the cytotoxicity-enhancing effects of ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone and the extracts of the crude drugs {Lithospermum eythrorhizon(LE) and Scutellaria baicalensis (SB)} on the above mentioned anticancer drugs against HL-60 and KG-1 cells among 8 anticancer drugs, VCR, VBL, ADR, and CPDD inhibited the growth of both cell lines by more than 50%, while VP-16, ara-C, Bleo, and CYC were less effective. ($\pm$)-ar-Turmerone had significant inhibitory effects against both cell lines, showing the ID$_{50}$ values of 11.730 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.292 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for HL-60 and KG-1 cells. respectively. But the extracts of LE and SB roots showed no significant cytotoxic effects. According to ID$_{50}$ values, the cytotoxicities of VCR, VBL and ADR against HL-60 were enhanced two, eight and three times by mixing ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone, five, seven and three times by adding the extract of LE root, and twenty, six and three times by mixing the extract of SB root, respectively. The cytotoxicities of the above mentioned drugs against KG-1 cell were enhanced two, seven and three times by mixing ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone, two, three and three times by combining wilth the extract of LB root, and two, five and two times by adding the extract of SB root, respectively. The cytotoxicity-potentiating effects of ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone and the extracts of LE and SB roots against HL-60 cell were greater than KG-1 cell.