• 제목/요약/키워드: Ar Gas

검색결과 1,469건 처리시간 0.035초

TeOx(22 1차원 광자결정의 광학 특성평가 (Optical Properties of TeOx(2x One-dimensional Photonic Crystals)

  • 공헌;여종빈;이현용
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
    • /
    • 제27권12호
    • /
    • pp.831-836
    • /
    • 2014
  • One-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) were prepared by $TeO_x(2<x<3)/SiO_2$ with the difference refractive index, and fabricated by sputtering technique from a $TeO_2$ and $SiO_2$ target. The $TeO_x$(2$Ar:O_2=40:10$). A 10-pair $TeO_x(2<x<3)/SiO_2$ 1D PCs were fabricated with the structure parameters of filling factor=0.5185, and period=410 nm. The properties of 1D PCs with and without a defect layer were evaluated by UV-VIS-NIR. A normal mode 1D PC have a photonic band gap (PBG) in the near infrared (NIR) region from 1,203 to 1,421 nm. In the case of 1D PC containing a defect layer, a defect level appears at 1,291 nm. The measured transmittance (T) spectra are nearly corresponding to calculated results. After He-Cd laser exposure, the defect level is shifted from 1,291 nm to 1,304 nm.

Potential of Using Ginger Essential Oils-Based Nanotechnology to Control Tropical Plant Diseases

  • Abdullahi, Adamu;Ahmad, Khairulmazmi;Ismail, Intan Safinar;Asib, Norhayu;Haruna, Osumanu;Abubakar, Abubakar Ismaila;Siddiqui, Yasmeen;Ismail, Mohd Razi
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
    • /
    • 제36권6호
    • /
    • pp.515-535
    • /
    • 2020
  • Essential oils (EOs) have gained a renewed interest in many disciplines such as plant disease control and medicine. This review discusses the components of ginger EOs, their mode of action, and their potential nanotechnology applications in controlling tropical plant diseases. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography, and headspace procedures are commonly used to detect and profile their chemical compositions EOs in ginger. The ginger EOs are composed of monoterpenes (transcaryophyllene, camphene, geranial, eucalyptol, and neral) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (α-zingiberene, ar-curcumene, β-bisabolene, and β-sesquiphellandrene). GC-MS analysis of the EOs revealed many compounds but few compounds were revealed using the headspace approach. The EOs have a wide range of activities against many phytopathogens. EOs mode of action affects both the pathogen cell's external envelope and internal structures. The problems associated with solubility and stability of EOs had prompted the use nanotechnology such as nanoemulsions. The use of nanoemulsion to increase efficiency and supply of EOs to control plant diseases control was discussed in this present paper. The findings of this review paper may accelerate the effective use of ginger EOs in controlling tropical plant diseases.

Annealing behavior of the Pt films sputtered with $Ar/N_2$ gas mixture by real-time, in situ ellipsometry

  • 이동수;박동연;우현정;김승현;주한용;안응진;윤의준
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2000년도 제18회 학술발표회 논문개요집
    • /
    • pp.125-125
    • /
    • 2000
  • 백금 스퍼터 증착시 아르곤에 산소와 같은 첨가 가스를 사용할 경우 산화막에 대한 접착력이 좋아지며 백금 박막의 우선배향성을 조절할 수 있음이 알려져 있다. 이러한 첨가 가스는 백금 박막에 상당량 포함되며 스퍼터링 후 열처리 과정에서 탈착되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 후열처리 도중 첨가 가스의 탈착 거동이 백금 박막의 미세구조, 조성 및 전기 전도도 등과 같은 제반 물성에 영향을 미칠 것이라 추정된다. 본 연구에서는 백금의 스퍼터링 시 질소를 첨가하여 질소가 포함된 백금 박막을 증착한 후 질소 탈착 거동을 연구하기 위해 실시간 타원해석기(in situ ellipsometer)를 이용하여 진공열처리(15mTorr)하면서 온도변화에 따른 유효굴절율(n)과 소광계수(k) 값을 구하였다. 또한 산소를 첨가하여 얻은 백금 박막의 결과와 비교하여 백금 박막내에 포함된 산소와 질소의 탈착 거동의 차이를 조사하였다. 산소를 이용하여 우선배향성이 (200)으로 조절된 박막의 경우 n과 k의 급격한 변화가 관찰되었으며 이로부터 55$0^{\circ}C$ 온도에서 산소가 급격히 빠져나감을 추측할 수 있었으며 열처리 후에는 백금 bulk 값에 가까운 값을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 한편, 질소를 사용하여 (200)으로 우선배향성이 조절된 박막의 경우 n,k 값의 후열처리 도중의 변화 양상은 스퍼터링 압력에 크게 의존하는 것으로 나타났다. 22mTorr에서 스퍼터링한 박막의 경우 23$0^{\circ}C$ 부근에서 굴절률과 미세구조의 변화가 있음을 관찰할 수 있었으나, 10mTorr에서 스퍼터링한 시편의 경우 굴절률의 변화양상은 산소를 상요한 경우와 매우 유사한 거동을 나타내지만 열처리 후에는 상대적으로 낮은 n,k 값을 나타내고 있었다. 또한 열처리 시편의 미세구조 변화에 대한 분석 결과 산소 사용의 경우는 측정온도 범위내에서는 후 열처리 후에도 박막내에 hole이나 hillock 등이 관찰되지 않아 bulk 값에 가까운 n, k 값을 가지지만, 질소 사용의 경우는 hole, 표면 거칠기, 혹은 스퍼터링 중에 인입된 질소의 탈착이 완전히 이루어지지 못해 bulk 값과 다르게 나온 것으로 생각된다.

  • PDF

Friction and Wear Properties of Boron Carbide Coating under Various Relative Humidity

  • Pham Duc-Cuong;Ahn Hyo-Sok;Yoon Eui-Sung
    • KSTLE International Journal
    • /
    • 제6권2호
    • /
    • pp.39-44
    • /
    • 2005
  • Friction and wear properties of the Boron carbide ($B_{4}C$) coating 100 nm thickness were studied under various relative humidity (RH). The boron carbide film was deposited on silicon substrate by DC magnetron sputtering method using $B_{4}C$ target with a mixture of Ar and methane ($CH_4$) as precursor gas. Friction tests were performed using a reciprocation type friction tester at ambient environment. Steel balls of 3 mm in diameter were used as counter-specimen. The results indicated that relative humidity strongly affected the tribological properties of boron carbide coating. Friction coefficient decreased from 0.42 to 0.09 as the relative humidity increased from $5\%$ to $85\%$. Confocal microscopy was used to observe worn surfaces of the coating and wear scars on steel balls after the tests. It showed that both the coating surface and the ball were significantly worn-out even though boron carbide is much harder than the steel. Moreover, at low humidity ($5\%$) the boron carbide showed poor wear resistance which resulted in the complete removal of coating layer, whereas at the medium and high humidity conditions, it was not. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) analyses were performed to characterize the chemical composition of the worn surfaces. We suggest that tribochemical reactions occurred during sliding in moisture air to form boric acid on the worn surface of the coating. The boric acid and the tribochemcal layer that formed on steel ball resulted in low friction and wear of boron carbide coating.

Selective Etching of Magnetic Layer Using CO/$NH_3$ in an ICP Etching System

  • Park, J.Y.;Kang, S.K.;Jeon, M.H.;Yeom, G.Y.
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.448-448
    • /
    • 2010
  • Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) has made a prominent progress in memory performance and has brought a bright prospect for the next generation nonvolatile memory technologies due to its excellent advantages. Dry etching process of magnetic thin films is one of the important issues for the magnetic devices such as magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) based MRAM. CoFeB is a well-known soft ferromagnetic material, of particular interest for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) and other devices based on tunneling magneto-resistance (TMR), such as spin-transfer-torque MRAM. One particular example is the CoFeB - MgO - CoFeB system, which has already been integrated in MRAM. In all of these applications, knowledge of control over the etching properties of CoFeB is crucial. Recently, transferring the pattern by using milling is a commonly used, although the redeposition of back-sputtered etch products on the sidewalls and the low etch rate of this method are main disadvantages. So the other method which has reported about much higher etch rates of >$50{\AA}/s$ for magnetic multi-layer structures using $Cl_2$/Ar plasmas is proposed. However, the chlorinated etch residues on the sidewalls of the etched features tend to severely corrode the magnetic material. Besides avoiding corrosion, during etching facets format the sidewalls of the mask due to physical sputtering of the mask material. Therefore, in this work, magnetic material such as CoFeB was etched in an ICP etching system using the gases which can be expected to form volatile metallo-organic compounds. As the gases, carbon monoxide (CO) and ammonia ($NH_3$) were used as etching gases to form carbonyl volatiles, and the etched features of CoFeB thin films under by Ta masking material were observed with electron microscopy to confirm etched resolution. And the etch conditions such as bias power, gas combination flow, process pressure, and source power were varied to find out and control the properties of magnetic layer during the process.

  • PDF

열분해법을 이용한 실리콘 나노입자 형성과정 수치해석 연구

  • 우대광;하수현;김명준;;김태성
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.117-117
    • /
    • 2010
  • 나노입자 제조 기술이 점차 발전하면서 금속산화물, 반도체용 및 태양전지용, 신소재 등 다양한 응용분야에 사용하고 있다. 따라서 이와 같은 나노입자 제조방법으로는 펄스 레이저 용사법(pulsed laser ablation), 플라즈마 아크 합성법(plasma arc synthesis), 열분해법(pyrolysis), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)법 등과 같은 기상공정이 많이 사용되고 있다. 기상공정은 기존의 공정에 비해 고순도 입자의 대량 생산, 다성분 입자의 화학적 균질성 유지, 비교적 간단하고 깨끗한 공정 등의 장점을 가지고 있다. 기상공정에서 일반적인 입자 형성 메커니즘은 기체 상태의 화학 물질이 물리적 공정 혹은 화학 반응에 의해 과포화상태에 도달하게 되며, 이 때 동질 핵생성(homogeneous nucleation)이 일어나고 생성된 핵(nuclei)에 기체가 응축되고 충돌, 응집하면서 입자는 성장하게 된다. 열분해법은 실리콘 나노입자를 생산하는 기상공정 중 하나이다. 일반적으로 열분해 공정은 지속적으로 열이 가해지는 반응기 내에 반응기체인 $SiH_4$을 주입하고, 운반기체는 He, $H_2$, Ar, $N_2$ 등을 사용하였을 때, 높은 열로 인해 $SiH_4$가 분해되며, 이 때 가스-입자 전환 현상(gas to particle conversion)이 일어나 실리콘 입자가 형성된다. 그러나 입자 형성과정은 $SiH_4$ 농도, 유량, 작동 압력, 온도 등 매우 다양한 요소에 영향을 받는다. 고, 복잡한 화학반응 메커니즘에 의해 명확히 규명되지는 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 복잡한 화학반응을 해석하는 상용코드 CHEMKIN 4.1.1을 이용하여 열분해 반응기 내에서의 실리콘 입자 형성, 성장, 응집, 전송 모델을 만들고 이를 수치해석하였다. 표면 반응, 응집, 전송에 의한 입자 성장 메커니즘을 포함하고 있는 aerosol dynamics model을 method of moment법으로 해를 구하였으며, 이를 실험 결과와 비교하여 모델링을 검증하였다. 또한 반응기의 온도, 압력, 가스 농도, 유량 등의 요소를 고려하여 실리콘 나노입자를 형성하는 최적의 조건을 연구하였다.

  • PDF

In-situ Synchrotron Radiation Photoemission Spectroscopy Study of Properties Variation of Ta2O5 Film during the Atomic Layer Deposition

  • Lee, Seung Youb;Jeon, Cheolho;Jung, Woosung;Kim, Yooseok;Kim, Seok Hwan;An, Ki-Seok;Park, Chong-Yun
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.283.2-283.2
    • /
    • 2013
  • The variation of chemical and interfacial state during the growth of Ta2O5 films on the Si substrate by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was investigated using in-situ synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. A newly synthesized liquid precursor Ta(NtBu)(dmamp)2Me was used as the metal precursor, with Ar as a purging gas and H2O as the oxidant source. The core-level spectra of Si 2p, Ta 4f, and O 1s revealed that Ta suboxide and Si dioxide were formed at the initial stages of Ta2O5 growth. However, the Ta suboxide states almost disappeared as the ALD cycles progressed. Consequently, the Ta5+ state, which corresponds with the stoichiometric Ta2O5, only appeared after 4.0 cycles. Additionally, tantalum silicate was not detected at the interfacial states between Ta2O5 and Si. The measured valence band offset value between Ta2O5 and the Si substrate was 3.08 eV after 2.5 cycles.

  • PDF

Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity Coix lacryma-jobi Oil

  • Diningrat, Diky Setya;Risfandi, Marsal;Harahap, Novita Sari;Sari, Ayu Nirmala;Kusdianti, Kusdianti;Siregar, Henny Kharina
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제47권1호
    • /
    • pp.100-106
    • /
    • 2020
  • Coix lacryma-jobi (Hanjeli) is known to posses anti-microbial properties. Therefore, phytochemical compounds of C. lacryma-jobi have been studied to produce novel antimicrobial agents as treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.The objective of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of the C. lacryma-jobi oil against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis. The phytochemical composition of the oil was determined via gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Moreover, agar disk and agar well diffusion were employed to screen the antibacterial activity of the oil. An agar well diffusion test was implemented to determinate MIC's (minimum inhibitory concentrations). Dodecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropylester, 1,3-dioctanoin, N-methoxy-N-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thiopyran6-carboxamide, propanamide, 5-Amino-1-(quinolin-8-yl)-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide, and pyridine were identified in the C. lacryma-jobi oil. The MIC value of the oil was 0.031 g/L and the MBC of the oil was 0.125 g/L effective in all test bacteria. Dodecanoic acid displayed inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, our research demonstrated C. lacryma-jobi (Hanjeli) oil exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and B. subtilis. These research suggest that C. lacryma-jobi root oil could be used for medicinal purposes; however clinical and in vivo tests must be performed to evaluate its potential as an antibacterial agent.

Halogen-based Inductive Coupled Plasma에서의 W 식각시 첨가 가스의 효과에 관한 연구

  • 박상덕;이영준;염근영;김상갑;최희환;홍문표
    • 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국표면공학회 2003년도 춘계학술발표회 초록집
    • /
    • pp.41-41
    • /
    • 2003
  • 텅스텐(W)은 높은 thermal stability 와 process compatibility 및 우수한 corrosion r resistance 둥으로 integrated circuit (IC)의 gate 및 interconnection 둥으로의 활용이 대두되고 있으며, 차세대 thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD)의 gate 및 interconnection m materials 둥으로 사용되고 았다. 그러나, 이러한 장점을 가지고 있는 팅스텐 박막이 실제 공정상에 적용되가 위해서는 건식 식각이 주로 사용되는데, 이는 wet chemical 을 이용한 습식 식각을 사용할 경우 낮은 etch rate, line width 의 감소 및 postetch residue 잔류 동의 문제가 발생하기 때문이다. 또한 W interconnection etching 을 하기 위해서는 높은 텅스텐 박막의 etch rate 과 하부 layer ( (amorphous silicon 또는 poly-SD와의 높은 etch selectivity 가 필수적 이 라 할 수 있다. 그러 나, 지금까지 연구되어온 결과에 따르면 텅스탠과 하부 layer 와의 etch selectivity 는 2 이하로 매우 낮게 관찰되고 았으며, 텅스텐의 etch rate 또한 150nm/min 이하로 낮은 값을 나타내고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 halogen-based inductively coupled plasma 를 이용하여 텅스텐 박막 식각시 여러 가지 첨가 가스에 따른 높은 텅스탠 박막의 etch rate 과 하부 layer 와의 높은 etch s selectivity 를 얻고자 하였으며, 그에 따른 식각 메커니즘에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. $CF_4/Cl_2$ gas chemistry 에 첨 가 가스로 $N_2$와 Ar을 첨 가할 경 우 텅 스텐 박막과 하부 layer 간의 etch selectivity 증가는 관찰되지 않았으며, 반면에 첨가 가스로 $O_2$를 사용할 경우, $O_2$의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 etch s selectivity 는 계속적으로 증가렴을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이는 $O_2$ 첨가에 따라 형성되는 WOF4 에 의한 텅스텐의 etch rates 의 감소에 비하여, $Si0_2$ 등의 형성에 의한 poly-Si etch rates 이 더욱 크게 감소하였기 때문으로 사료된다. W 과 poly-Si 의 식각 특성을 이해하기 위하여 X -ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)를 사용하였으며, 식각 전후의 etch depth 를 측정하기 위하여 stylus p pmfilometeT 를 이용하였다.

  • PDF

Hybrid PVD로 제조된 Ti-Me-N (Me=V, Si 및 Nb) 나노 박막의 미세구조와 마모특성 (Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Ti-Me-N (Me=V, Nb and Si) Nanofilms Prepared by Hybrid PVD)

  • 양영환;곽길호;이성민;김성원;김형태;김경자;임대순;오윤석
    • 한국표면공학회지
    • /
    • 제44권3호
    • /
    • pp.95-104
    • /
    • 2011
  • Ti based nanocomposite films including V, Si and Nb (Ti-Me-N, Me=V, Si and Nb) were fabricated by hybrid physical vapor deposition (PVD) method consisting of unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP). The pure Ti target was used for arc ion plating and other metal targets (V, Si and Nb) were used for sputtering process at a gas mixture of Ar/$N_2$ atmosphere. Mostly all of the films were grown with textured TiN (111) plane except the Si doped Ti-Si-N film which has strong (200) peak. The microhardness of each film was measured using the nanoindentation method. The minimum value of removal rate ($0.5{\times}10^{-15}\;m^2/N$) was found at Nb doped Ti-Nb-N film which was composed of Ti-N and Nb-N nanoparticles with small amount of amorphous phases.