• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

In this paper, the AC breakdown characteristics of pure Ar and $N_2$gas with gas pressure range of 58.8~137.3[kPa] under uniform and non-uniform fields were investigated, and the measured values were compared with those in Ar/$N_2$gas mixtures with pressure varying. Summarizing the experimental results, the breakdown voltages of pure $N_2$gas, under uniform and non-uniform fields, were increased about 4.8 and 1.1 times than those of pure Ar gas, and the AC breakdown voltage increased with the pressure increasing. The breakdown voltages of Ar/$N_2$ gas mixtures were decreased with decreasing the mixture ratio of $N_2$gas. In case of Ar(85%)/$N_2$(15%) and Ar(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures comparing to the pure Ar gas, the breakdown voltages under uniform field were increased about 1.5 and 2.1 times, and under non-uniform field were increased about 1.1 and 1.3 times at the pressure of 101.3[kPa]. Also, corona inception voltage of Ar(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures under non-uniform field were increased about 1.5 times than those of pure Ar gas.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.106-113
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• 2002

In this paper, breakdown characteristics of pure Kr, Ar and $N_2$gas with gas pressure range were investigated, and the measured values were compared with those in Ar/$N_2$and Kr/$N_2$gas mixtures with pressure varying. Also, various characteristics with gas mixtures in practical incandescent lamps were investigated. Summarizing the experimental results, the breakdown voltages of $N_2$gas were increased than those of Kr and Ar gas with large molecular weight, and the breakdown voltage increased with gas pressure increasing. The breakdown voltages of Ar/$N_2$and Ar/$N_2$gas mixtures were decreased with decreasing the mixtures ratio of $N_2$gas, and corona inception voltage of Kr/$N_2$gas mixtures under non-uniform fields were increased than those of Ar/$N_2$gas mixtures. In case of tactical incandescent lamps, luminous and lifetime of Kr(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures were increased about 94[lm] and 380[hr] than those of Ar(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures. and injection pressure of gas mixtures with cooling temperature of 20[$^{\circ}C$] in incandescent lamps were increased about 13[%] than those with cooling temperature of 40[$^{\circ}C$].

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.6-9
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• 1994

Previously reported Ar/N$_2$ratios in groundwater have been measured by single ion monitoring (Barnes et al., 1975; Vogel et al., 1981; Mariotti et al., 1988). The detector geometry and flared flight tube in VG Optima isotopic ratio mass spectrometer appeared to be fortuitously aligned for the simultaneous measurement of Ar/N$_2$ratios. Method development included mechanical adjustments to optimize the mass spectrometer for Ar/N$_2$ratio measurements followed by development of a preparation system for the extraction of air-saturated water samples. Samples containing known Ar/N$_2$ratios were used to assess accuracy and precision, and to test the applicability of methods for measurements of aqueous Ar/N$_2$ratios. The results indicated that the prepared air-saturated water samples were almost identical to the predicted Ar/N$_2$ratios (p ＜0.001). Groundwater samples were collected from on-going research sites, Shelton and Grand Island, Nebraska. Samples from the Grand Island sludge injection site form a lower boundary for worldwide reported Ar/N$_2$ratios. These lower Ar/N$_2$ratios can be explained by the production of nitrogen gas from this site, where denitrification was reported previously.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.499-505
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• 2007

Monomeric complexes of nickel(II) having terdentate bis(imino)aryl ligands (N,C,N-pincer) are reported. New complexes (2,6-(ArN=CH)2C6H3)NiBr (Ar=2,6-dimethylphenyl (1), 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (2)) have been synthesized through oxidative addition of 1,3-(ArN=CH)2C6H3Br (bis(N-Ar)-2-bromoisophthalaldimine: Ar=Ph-2,6-Me2, Ph-2,6-iPr2) to Ni(COD)2 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene), in high yields. The development of a synthetic route to ligands and nickel complexes is outlined. The complexes were characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. Full characterization of complexes 1 and 2 is discussed. An investigation into the catalytic activity of the complexes in ethylene polymerization was performed, resulting in no formation of polyethylenes but producing a small amount of oily oligomers. Preliminary results indicate that the pincer complexes were found to be inactive as catalysts in ethylene polymerization.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.50 no.12
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• pp.599-606
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• 2001

In this paper, the ac breakdown characteristics of pure Ar, Kr and $N_2$ gas with gas pressure range of 58.8-137.3[kPa] under uniform and non-uniform fields were investigated, and the measured values were compared with those In Ar/$N_2$ and Kr/$N_2$ gas mixtures with pressure varying. Summarizing the experimental results, the breakdown voltages of Pure $N_2$gas, under uniform and non-uniform fields, were increased about 4.8 and 1.1 times than those of pure Ar gas, and about 4.4 and 1.2 times than those of pure Kr gas, and the ac breakdown voltage increased with the pressure increasing. The breakdown voltages of Ar/$N_2$ gas mixtures were decreased with decreasing the mixture ratio of Pure $N_2$ gas. In case of Ar(85%)/$N_2$ (15%) and Ar(70%)/$N_2$ (30%) gas mixtures comparing to the pure Ar gas, the breakdown voltages under uniform field were increased about 1.8 and 2.2 times, and under non-uniform field were increased about 1.1 and 1.3 times at the pressure of 101.3[kPa]. Also, in case of Kr(85%)/$N_2$ (15%) and Kr(70%)/$N_2$ (30%) gas mixtures comparing to the pure Kr gas, the breakdown voltages under uniform field were increased about 1.7 and 2.0 times, and under non-uniform field were increased about 1.0 and 1.2 times. Corona inception voltage of Kr(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures under non-uniform fields were increased about 1.28 times than those of Ar(70%)/$N_2$ (30%) gas mixtures. In case of practical incandescent lamps, luminous and lifetime of Kr(70%)/$N_2$ (30%) gas mixtures were increased about 1.15 and 1.21 times than those of Ar(70%)/$N_2$ (30%) gas mixtures.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07c
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• pp.1744-1746
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• 2001

In this paper, we investigated the breakdown characteristics of Ar, Kr and $N_2$ gas in pure states with pressure range of 58.8-137.3[kPa] under uniform and non-uniform fields, and the measured values are compared with those in Ar/$N_2$ gas mixtures. From these results, the breakdown voltages of $N_2$ gas in uniform field were increased about 4.8 and 4.4 times than those of Ar and Kr gas, respectively. Breakdown voltages of Ar/$N_2$ gas mixtures were decreased with decreasing the mixture ratio of $N_2$ gas. Breakdown voltages of Ar(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures in the pressure of 101.3[kPa] (gap length : 3[mm]) were increased 1.9 times than those of pure Ar gas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2001

In this paper, the ac breakdown characteristics of Ar/$N_2$and Kr/$N_2$gas mixtures with gas pressure range of 58.8~137.3[kPa] under uniform and non-uniform fields were investigated. Summarizing the experimental results, the breakdown voltages of Ar/$N_2$ gas mixtures were decreased with decreasing the mixture ratio of pure $N_2$gas. In case of Ar(85%)/$N_2$(15%) and Ar(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures comparing to the pure Ar gas, the breakdown voltages under uniform field were increased about 1.8 and 2.2 times, and under non-uniform field were increased about 1.1 and 1.3 times at the pressure of 101.3[kPa]. Also, in case of Kr(85%)/$N_2$(15%) and Kr(70%)/$N_2$(30%) gas mixtures comparing to the pure Kr gas, the breakdown voltages under uniform field were increased about 1.7 and 2.0 times, and under non-uniform field were increased about 1.0 and 1.2 times.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.75-81
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• 2018

The effect of $Ar-N_2$ plasma treatment on Cu surface as one of solutions to realize reliable Cu-Cu wafer bonding was investigated. Structural characteristic of $Ar-N_2$ plasma treated Cu surface were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscope. Ar gas was used for a plasma ignition and to activate Cu surface by ion bombardment, and $N_2$ gas was used to protect the Cu surface from contamination such as -O or -OH by forming a passivation layer. The Cu specimen under high Ar partial pressure plasma treatment showed more copper oxide due to the activation on Cu surface, while Cu surface after high $N_2$ gas partial pressure plasma treatment showed less copper oxide due to the formation of Cu-N or Cu-O-N passivation layer. It was confirmed that nitrogen plasma can prohibit Cu-O formation on Cu surface, but nitrogen partial pressure in the $Ar-N_2$ plasma should be optimized for the formation of nitrogen passivation layer on the entire surface of Cu wafer.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2003

MOCVD법으로 TiN 표면에 Ru을 증착함에 있어서 Ru의 핵생성을 고양시키기 위한 ECR plasma 전처리 세정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Ru 증착시 ECR $H_2O$$_2$, AE Plasma 전처리 세정 효과를 SEM, AES, XRD로 분석하였다. Ru의 핵생성은 ECR H$_2$, Ar Plasma의 노출시간이 증가할수록 향상된 반면, ECR $O_2$ plasma의 경우 노출시간이 증가할수록 핵생성 효과는 감소하였다. H$_2$ plasma 내의 H$_2$ion은 Ti와 NH$_3$를 형성하기 위해서 TiN과 반응하여 TiN을 Ti로 개질 시켰으며, Ar plasma 전처리 세정하는 동안 Ar plasma 내의 Ar ion은 TiN 또는 TiON 표면의 질소와 산소원자를 제거하는 효과를 나타내었다. 그 결과 TiN 표면상에서도 Ru의 핵생성이 쉽게 이루어졌으며 H$_2$, Ar ECR Plasma 전처리 세정에서 RU 핵생성이 향상되는 결과를 얻었다. 세 종류의 plasma중에서 Ar ECR plasma로 전처리 세정한 경우에 가장 높은 Ru 핵생성 밀도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2010

This paper was studied on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion characteristics of 316L stainless steel pipe welds was fabricated by orbital welding process. S-Ar specimen was fabricated by using Ar purge gas and S-$N_2$ specimen was fabricated by using $N_2$ purge gas. Ferrite was not detected in weld metal of S-$N_2$ specimen but the order of 0.13 Ferrite number(FN) was detected in weld metal of S-Ar specimen. Oxygen and Nitrogen concentration of S-$N_2$ specimen was higher than S-Ar specimen on HAZ and inner bead. The welds microstructural characteristics of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ specimens are similar. The microvickers hardness values of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ specimens welds were similar and average values of each regions were in the range of 174~194. The microstructures of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ weld metal were full austenite by primary austenite solidification. The Solidification structures of S-Ar and S-$N_2$ weld metal were formed directional dendrite toward bead center. The potentiodynamic polarization curve of STS 316L pipe welds exhibited typical active, passive, transpassive behaviour. Corrosion current density$(I_{corr.})$ and corrosion rate values of S-Ar specimen in 0.1M HCl solution were $0.95{\mu}A/cm^2$ and $0.31{\mu}A$/year respectively. The values of S-$N_2$ specimen were $1.4{\mu}A/cm^2$ and $0.45{\mu}m$/year.