• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study is correct the scientific name of Aquilariae Lignum in Korean Herbal Pharmacoepia. Methods : The production areas of Aquilariae Lignum and its trading status with China in Chinese history, Sanscrit-Chinese Translation Sutra, Naming year and the discovered district in main Aquilaria spp., Several nation's Pharmacoepia, The Plant List(TPL), Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild fauna and flora(CITES) and The International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN) were cross-checked. Results : The records in the Jiaozhouyiwuzhi written in the early 2nd century said that Aquilariae Lignum was produced in Vietnam. NanfangCaomuZhuang written in 304 said that Agarwood in Vietnam had white flowers. Vietnam had led production and trading of Aquilariae Lignum until Qing Dynasty. Aquilariae Lignum from Malaysia and Indonesia was not traded with China. In Sanscrit-Chinese Translation Sutra, India Aquilariae Lignum was translated as Vietnam Aquilariae Lignum. Aquilaria malaccensis was discovered from Malay-Peninsular in 1783, and has green or dirty yellow flowers. A. agallocha from North-Eastern India in 1814, white flowers. A. crasssna from Vietnam in 1914, white flowers. A. crassna is different from A. malaccensis in several ways, such as flower, fruit, seed and disribution. In several Nation's Pharmacoepia, A. crassna was a synonym of A. agallocha. But in TPL, CITES and IUCN, A. malaccensis was an accepted name, and A. agallocha was a synonym of A. malaccensis. Conclusions : These results show that the original species of Aquilariae Lignum in Korea Herbal Pharmacoepia should be reversed from A. agallocha to A. crassna Pierre ex Lacomte.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.30-33
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• 2002

From the bioassay-directed fractionation and isolation of dichloromethane fraction of Aquilaria agallocha, four compounds having MAO inhibitory effect were isolated by repeated silica gel column chromatography. Their chemical structures were established as psoralen (1), bergapten (2), ${\alpha}-amyrin\;acetate$ (3) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (4) on the basis of their physicochemical and spectral data. Among these compounds, psoralen and bergapten showed high inhibitory activities in vitro against mouse brain MAO with $IC_{50}$ values $21.3\;{\mu}M\;and\;13.8\;{\mu}M$, respectively.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate characteristics of cell morphology of two different agar woods (Aquilaria agallocha Roxburgh (AAR) and imitative agar wood (IAW)) using microscopic techniques. Methods : Both light and scanning electron microscopes were used to observe morphological and histological features of the cell of agar woods collected from commercial products in the market. Results : The cell morphology and tissue arrangements of AAR depending on either the adsorption of resin into vessels or no adsorption of resin were observed to compare these features with those of both IAW and Aquilaria sinensis Gilb (ASG). Conclusions : As a result, the vessels of AAR with the resin adsorption was packed with lots of yellow-brownish materials, which were quite different from those of IAW and ASG. The cell walls were thick, and had well-developed traumatic parenchyma tissues with squared cells of the same height and width, which appeared as a clump of small grains packed.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to identify the actual origin species imported as Aquilaria malaccensis from Indonesia. Methods : After producing the permanent preparat by cutting off the specimen thinly, we observed its characteristics. Results : The imported ones have not interxylary parenchyma, so none is in the genus aquilaria. Since the aliform parenchyma is mostly observed around the vessel pore, they are in the genus gonystylus, and the rest have no aliform parenchyma, so their specimen is unidentified. Conclusion : The imported as A. malaccensis are not in the genus aquilaria, but most of them are in the genus gonystylus and, for the rest, the specimen is unidentified.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the origin of Aquilariae Lignum. Method : Firstly identify the production areas of Aquilariae Lignum and its trading status with China in Chinese history through Chinese historical books such as Twenty-Five Histories(二十五史) and the records of the Chosun Dynasty and then, compare the distribution of the genus Aquilaria in the concerned areas. Result : Since the records in the NanfangCaomuZhuang(南方草木狀) written in 304 saying that Aquilariae Lignum was produced in Vietnam and had white flowers, Vietnam had led production and trading of Aquilariae Lignum until Qing Dynasty(淸代). Even though Thailand traded Aquilariae Lignum during Qing Dynasty, however, the volume was at a low level. Aquilariae Lignum from southern Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia was rated as low quality and low-priced because of its fishy smell and strong flavor. Conclusion : These results show that the origin of Aquilariae Lignum comes from Vietnam and this species is distinguished from the ones of Indodesia or Malaysia.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2015

팥꽃나무과 방향성 수지질의 상록성 교목인 침향을 80% MeOH로 침지 추출하여 얻어진 추출물에 대해 $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc 및 n-BuOH로 순차 용매 분획하였고, 얻어진 결과물에 대하여 녹차의 항산화 성분으로서도 잘 알려져 있는 천연 항산화제인 (+)-catechin을 대조군으로 하여 DPPH, $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거법에 의한 항산화활성 평가를 실시한 결과, 항산화 활성은 시료의 처리농도에 비례하게 효능을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었으며 그중에서도 DPPH 라디칼 소거활성은 페놀성 화합물의 함량이 상대적으로 높은 $CH_2Cl_2$ 가용부에서 $26.1{\pm}4.4{\mu}g/mL$, EtOAc 가용부에서 $24.8{\pm}3.9{\mu}g/mL$의 우수한 $IC_{50}$값을 나타내었다. 또한 $ABTS^+$ 라디칼 소거능은 $CH_2Cl_2$, EtOAc 및 n-BuOH 가용부에서 각각 $5.3{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/mL$, $5.5{\pm}0.4{\mu}g/mL$ 활성이 확인 되었으며, 총 페놀함량과의 강한 상관관계가 시사되었고 페놀성의 활성물질의 존재가 시사되었다. 또한, 항비만 활성과 관련된 pancreatic lipase 저해활성을 측정한 결과, 오일의 형태로 얻어진 $CH_2Cl_2$ 가용부의 $IC_{50}$값은 $1.1{\pm}0.3{\mu}g/mL$의 저해율을 나타내었으며 이는 대조군인 orlistat에 비해 약하나 추출물 상태임을 고려할 때 단일물질로 정제할 경우 더욱 우수한 효능의 화합물이 존재할 가능성을 시사하였다. 향후 이들 식의약품 소재개발을 위한 구체적인 자료 수립을 위하여 효소활성을 나타내는 성분들에 대해 활성추적탐색법(activity-guided isolation)에 따라 활성물질을 추적, 분리하는 연구를 통한 효능물질의 동정 및 활성 기작에 대한 연구가 필요하며, 침향의 식물 화학적 성분연구에 대한 기초자료로 활용가능하리라 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of four different kinds of agarwood and analysis chemical constituents by GC-MS. Methods : Four source plants were two of Vietnamese agarwood, Indonesian agarwood and Myanmar agarwood. These plant materials were named sample No. 1-4. The chemical constituents of each agarwood were analysed by GC-MS. Results : GC-MS analysis showed that ${\beta}$-selinene was found in all the samples. The Vietnamese agarwood, Sample 1, and 4 has contained 6.861% and 7.497% of ${\beta}$-selinene and reached the highest level at the retention times 46.245 and 46.274 (min). Sample 2, the Myanmar agarwood has contained 1.608%, the lowest level of ${\beta}$-selinene, and it also has contained about 20% of ${\alpha}-,{\beta}-,{\gamma}$-eudesmol and 4.076% of valerianol. Sample 3, the Indonesian agarwood has contained 9.59% of ${\beta}$-selinene, 9.493% of ${\beta}$-selinene and shown its highest level (more than 19%) at the retention time 43.998 (min). Conclusion : It suggested that ${\beta}$-selinene could be a standard marker to evaluate agarwood by GC-MS analysis.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.125-136
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• 2004

The pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines have not been clearly defined in spite of their effective use in treating many diseases throughout the world. Many Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional medicine in far eastern countries including Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental drugs prevent allergic disease in vivo or in vitro models. Some Korean folk medicine inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect on systemic or local anaphylaxis reaction. Potential anti-anaphylactic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum-Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryong-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; Cichorium intybus; Perilla frutescens; Vitex rotundifolia; Terminalia chebula; Siberian Ginseng; Solanum melongena; Gahmi-Shini-San; Alpinia oxyphylla; Acanthopanax senticosus root; Prunella vulgaris; Allergina; Ixeris dentate; Acanthopanax senticosus stem; Tongkyutang; Salvia plebeia; Rubus coreanus; Sinpo- Tang; Dodutang; Forsythia fructus; Xanthii fructus; and Purple bamboo slat. Ensuring the effects and understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Although Oriental medicines have long been used effectively in treating many diseases throughout the world, the pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines used have not been defined. As part of our continuing search for biologically active antiallergic drugs from natural sources, Oriental medicines were analyzed. Some Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupies an important place in traditional medicine in Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental medicine prevents allergic disease in experimental animal models. Some Korean folk medicines inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect of allergic reaction. Potential antiallergic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum- Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryoung-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; and Cichorium intybus. Understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2001

정향, 유향, 곽향, 청목향, 그리고 침향의 에탄올 및 휘발성 추출물의 항균력 및 살충력 실험결과, 정향의 에탄올 및 휘발성 추출물은 실험균주 4종(Mucor hiemalis, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium funiculosum, Trichoderma viride)에 대해서 강한 항균력을 나타냈으며, 유향의 휘발성 추출물은 실험균주 M. hiemalis, A. niger, P. funiculosum에서 강한 항균력을 보였다. 공시충 흰개미에 대해서 정향 에탄올 추출물이 접종 후 48 시간 뒤에 $100\%$ 살충력을 보였고, 청목향 에탄올 추출물은 72 시간 뒤에 개체를 $32\%$ 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 휘발성 추출물에 대한 살충력 실험은 흰개미에 대해서 정향 추출물이 48시간 내에 $100\%$의 사충력을 보였다. 넓적나무좀에 대한 살충력은 정향이 접종 후 7일 내에 $19\%$의 사충력을 보였다. 정향의 휘발성 추출물에서 9 개의 휘발성 성분을 확인하였으며, 정향의 휘발성 향기성분 중 가장 큰 농도$(92\%)$를 차지하고 있는 eugenol은 항균활성 물질로써 확인되었다.