• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.705-713
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• 2022

The feeding habits of Hexagrammos otakii were studied by analyzing the stomach contents of 508 specimens collected from July 2009 to December 2010 off the Yeosu coast of Korea. The total length of the H. otakii specimens ranged from 10.7 to 41.5 cm. H. otakii was found to be a bottom-feeding carnivore that mainly consumed brachyura, amphipoda, but also sonsumed cephalopoda, pisces, anomura, polychaeta, and gastropoda. It was shown through relative importance analysis that the benthic share was 58.1% for brachyura, 24.5% for amphipoda, 7.5% for caridea, and 7.3% for pisces. Brachyura was the main prey item for H. otakii, occupying 35% of the stomach contents. The proportion of brachyura and amphipoda decreased with the growth of H. otakii, and their decrease paralleled the increased consumption of pisces. The shift in feeding habits to larger prey organisms with increasing fish size seems to be one of survival strategies to maximize net energy gain.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2023

Day-night vertical euphausiid distribution was investigated at three stations in the East Sea using a Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS). Three euphausiid species were recognized. Euphausia pacifica was more dominant than Thysanoessa longipes. Euphausiids were collected at Station 1 at night, Station 2 at sunset, and Station 3 during the daytime. At Station 1, calyptopis and furcilia stages were concentrated from the surface to 30 m and 20-40 m, respectively. Juveniles and E. pacifica were distributed in strata shallower than 30 m. At Station 2, calyptopis and furcilia stages were dominant in strata from the surface to 40 m. Juveniles were not recorded in strata at 30-100 m. However, E. pacifica occurred in these strata. At Station 3, calyptopis and furcilia stages occurred in the upper 40 m of strata. E. pacifica was distributed deeper than 100 m and rarely occurred above 100 m. The furcilia stages weakly migrated, whereas the calyptopis stages did not. Juveniles and E. pacifica showed a clear migration pattern. Vertical distribution of euphausiids in the northern East Sea varied by life stage and time of day.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2023

Zooplankton are primary consumers in the food web connecting primary producers and predators such as small fish, playing an important role in energy transfer in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to understand the zooplankton community structure in material cycle and energy flow in aquatic ecosystems. Zooplankton in large rivers with a low flow rate would distribute vertically as in lakes. In this study, we collected zooplankton by surface water filtration and vertical haul method with 64 ㎛-mesh plankton net at three stations (ND-1, ND-2, ND-3) in Nakdong River fortnightly from June 2018 to December 2019. Species composition and individual densities were analyzed. All three stations showed differences in relative abundance of zooplankton groups between surface water and vertical integrated water, with the largest difference shown in the deepest station, ND-2. In vertically integrated water at ND-2, the relative abundance of rotifera was low by a maximum of 25% and that of cladocera was high by a maximum of 22% compared to surface water samples. These results indicate that surface water filtration method is not enough to represent the community structure of zooplankton compared to the vertical haul method in large rivers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.909-915
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• 2023

A specimen of longarm mullet Moolgarda cunnesius (Valenciennes, 1836) belonging to the family Mugilidae was collected from Yerae-dong, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do Island, Korea, on July 19, 2023, using a hand net. The specimen was identified as Moolgarda cunnesius based on its morphological traits, including pectoral fin reaching the third or fourth spine of the first dorsal fin, anal fin higher than the first and second dorsal fin, two dorsal and caudal fin membranes with small melanophores, and a slightly convex interorbital region. Furthermore, molecular analysis, specifically comparison of the 623 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA COI sequences, confirmed that our specimen perfectly matched M. cunnesius. It is well known that the species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific Ocean, including the Red Sea, Taiwan, and northern Australia, and this study shows that it also inhabits the Jeju-do Island, Korea. Additionally, we propose a new Korean name 'gin-pal-sung-eo' for this species.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.826-832
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• 2023

Clostridium perfringens causes diarrhea and other diseases in humans and animals. We investigated the prevalence, toxin gene profiles, and antimicrobial resistance of C. perfringens isolated from commercial jeotgal sample. C. perfringens was isolated from 11 of 22 commercial jeotgals. All C. perfringens strains were positive for the alpha toxin gene, but not for the beta, epsilon, iota, CPE or NetB toxin genes; therefore, all strains were identified as type A C. perfringens. However, the beta2 toxin gene was identified in 54.5% of isolates. Disk diffusion susceptibility tests showed that most isolates were resistant to kanamycin (90.9%), nalidixic acid (72.7%), oxacillin (54.5%), erythromycin (27.3%), ciprofloxacin (9.1%) and clindamycin (9.1%). However, all strains were susceptible to 14 other antimicrobial including amoxicillin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol. The average minimum inhibitory concentrations against C. perfringens of clindamycin, kanamycin, and nalidixic acid were 128.0, 128.0, and 54.0 ㎍/mL, respectively. These results provide new insight into the necessity for sanitation of commercial jeotgal, and provide evidence to help reduce the risk of contamination with antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.237-252
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• 2020

Temperate rocky reefs dominated by the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, support diverse assemblages of benthic macroalgae that provide a suite of ecosystem services, including high rates of primary production in aquatic ecosystems. These forests and the benthic macroalgae that inhabit them are facing both short-term losses and long-term declines throughout much of their range in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Here, we quantified patterns of benthic macroalgal biomass and irradiance on rocky reefs that had intact kelp forests and nearby reefs where the benthic macroalgae had been lost due to deforestation at three sites along the California, USA and Baja California, MEX coasts during the springs and summers of 2017 and 2018. We then modeled how the loss of macroalgae from these reefs impacted net benthic productivity using species-specific, mass-dependent rates of photosynthesis and respiration that we measured in the laboratory. Our results show that the macroalgal assemblages at these sites were dominated by a few species of stipitate kelps and fleshy red algae whose relative abundances were spatially and temporally variable, and which exhibited variable rates of photosynthesis and respiration. Together, our model estimates that the dominant macroalgae on these reefs contribute 15 to 4,300 mg C m^-2 d^-1 to net benthic primary production, and that this is driven primarily by a few dominant taxa that have large biomasses and high rates of photosynthesis and / or respiration. Consequently, we propose that the loss of these macroalgae results in the loss of an important contribution to primary production and overall ecosystem function.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.629-636
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• 1996

득량만의 양식업에 대한 EMERGY분석결과 연안해역에 대한 영속성 에너지원의 EMERGY 유입은 $54.60\times10^{18}sej/yr$, 비영속성 에너지원인 화석연료의 유입은 $1.50\times10^{18}sej/yr$ 그리고 재화와 용역에 의한 유입은 $13.55\times10^{18}sej/yr$이고, 자연환경으로부터의 유입이 전체 에너지원의 $78\%$를 차지하고 있어 환경자원에 대한 의존도가 높은 1차 산업의 구조적 특징을 나타내고 있다. Net EMERGY yield ratio는 4.63으로 자원으로서의 가치가 높음을 나타내고, EMERGY investment ratio는 0.28로 주 경제로부터 유입된 에너지의 약 3.6 배에 해당하는 에너지를 자연환경으로부터 얻고 있음을 알 수 있다. 1994년 득량만의 환경용량은 영속성 에너지원에 근거하여 유입된 EMERGY량이 모두 현재의 EMERGY 생산비대로 생산이 된다면 득량만 전체에서는 어류; 1,140ton/yr, 갑각류; 110ton/yr, 패류; 1,553ton/yr, 해조류; 9,074ton/yr이며 1994년 생산량은 환경용량의 $80\%,\;92\%,\;80\%,\;84\%$를 생산하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 면적이 6,617ha(전체면적의 $17.67\%$)인 양식장만을 고려하여 유입된 EMERGY가 전부 패류의 생산에 이용된다면 패류양식장의 생산용량은 1,195ton/yr로 산출되었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.241-248
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• 1986

송원산업주식회사에서 개발한 어망용 방오도료 Stapol N-6200D를 사용한 부착생물의 생태 및 방오 효율에 대한 조사 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 월별로 조사한 정치망 실험구의 연간 부착물의 합은 도료군과 대조군에서 각각 1,245.3g과 2,771.5g으로 방오효율은 $55.1\%$였다. 그러나 가두리 그물의 경우는 도료군과 대조군의 월별 부착물의 연간합이 각각 1,750.4g과 5,195.8g으로 $66.3\%$의 방오효율을 보였다. 2. 망목이 작은 가두리망 (5mm)이 정치망 (33mm)에 비해 약 1.7배의 부착물이 부착했다. 3. 정치망 및 가두리 그들의 1년간의 월별 총부착물의 합은 도료구의 부착물이 대조구 부착물의 $37.6\%$에 해당했다. 4 정치망과 가두리망의 대조군의 월별 총부착물은 6월이 최고였고 1월이 최하였다. 5. 월별로 조사된 가두리망을 포함한 전체적인 방오효율은 $4{\sim}6$월에는 $80.7\%$, $10{\sim}12$월에는 $43.3\%$로서 봄철의 방오효율이 더 높았다. 6. 도료의 색에 따른 1년간의 부착물은 흑색 그물에서 가장 않았고 청색 그물에서 가장 적었으나 통계적으로 유의성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 7, 가장 다양한 부착생물의 출현은 6월이었고 1월에는 출현종이 가장 빈약했다. 8. 1년 내내 항상 우점적으로 출현한 종은 gam-marid였고 월별 부착생물중 가장 많은 양이 출현한 생물은 6월의 진주담치였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2005

A hydroacoustic and a close-open-close zooplankton net survey were conducted to understand the distribution characteristics of the deep scattering layer (DSL) and to estimate the density of zooplankton in the DSL, in the Uljin coastal area. The survey was carried out during March 13-14 and June 4-5, 2003 at each station for zooplankton. The vertical migration mechanisms of zooplankton are very variable to the taxa. In this study, after we grasp the vertical migration of zooplankton through the results of an echo-sounder survey, we verified the mechanisms of their vertical migration in the Uljin coastal area. Also, to estimate effectively the biomass of zooplankton, we researched the acoustic scattering strength according to the species. On the basis of these results, we devised a method for estimating zooplankton biomass through comparing net and echo-soundings. We obtained the results as a follows; 1) According to the examination of collections from the net sampling, in March, 2003, Euphausia pacifica comprised $38\%$ of zooplanktons inhabiting the sound scattering layer, while copepods, chaetognaths, and amphipods accounted for $29\%,\;23\%\;and\;10\%$, respectively. And in June, 2003, the ratio of E. pacifica was $51\%$, copepods $43\%$, and the others comprised $6\%$. In both March and June E. pacifica showed dominance among the species of zooplankton. 2) The analysis of vertical distribution through acoustic data in the scattering layer was more apparent in June (spring/summer) of 2003, than in March (winter/spring) of that year. The vertical migration of zooplankton peaked around sunrise and sunset in both March and June. 3) As for the sound scattering layer, it distributed in the open sea in March, and in the inland sea in June. Therefore it is suggested that some zooplankton species such as E. pacifica performed ontogenic horizontal migration througth the spring and early summer.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.238-244
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• 1990

본 실험에서는 민꽃게 대상의 그물통발들을 붕장어에 그대로 적용하여 수조실험을 행한 결과, 붕장어의 대통발 행동에 관한 다음의 몇 가지 특성을 얻었다. 1) 붕장어의 통발접촉수는 통발 투하후 급격히 증가하여 주로 30분 이내에 최대치를 보였다가 차차 감소하였고, 입롱도 통발 투하후 30분 이내에 주로 일어났으며, 입롱이 일어나면 접촉수가 증가하는 경향이 보였고, 입롱이 빨리 일어날수록 최대접촉수도 빨리 나타났다. 또한 이들 결과는 전보의 대통발$\cdot$플라스틱통발에 대한 조사결과와 거의 일치하였다. 2) 통발에 접촉한 붕장어는 미끼냄새가 나는 곳을 향하여 주로 통발의 하부를 파고 들었으며, 통발과 수조바닥사이를 파고들어 미끼를 구 할려는 것도 전체 접촉수의 $10\~35\%$나 되었다. 3) 붕장어의 입롱과 출롱은 입구가 하부에 난 통발일수록 쉬웠다. 4) 통발의 평면형상이 원형인 것은 통발내외에서 붕장어가 입구 또는 출구에 도달하는 기회는 많았으나 그것을 지나쳐버리는 일이 많았고, 사각형인 것은 입구 또는 출구에 도달하는 기회는 적었으나 그곳에 도달하면 쉽게 입롱 또는 출롱 하였다. 5) 붕장어의 완전한 입롱은 꼬리의 입구통과로 결정되었고, 입롱시도후 도피한 개체수는 입구로부터 미끼까지의 거리가 짧은 통발에서 많았다. 6) 입구끝이 통발내로 휘어져 들어간 것은 입롱한 붕장어의 출구발견을 어렵게 하였고, 통발천의 하부에 구석이 만들어진 경우는 통발내의 붕장어가 그곳을 계속적으로 쪼으면서 정체되는 행동을 보였다. 7) 입구끝에 혀그물이 부착되어 있으면 입롱시도후 도피한 개체수가 많아지고 입롱도 나빠지나, 일단 입롱한 것은 전혀 출롱치 못하였다.