• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.1971-1975
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• 2012

Overexpression of several aquaporins (AQPs) has been reported in different types of human cancer but their role in carcinogenesis, for example in the cervix, have yet to be clearly defined. In this study, expression of AQPs in cervical carcinomawas investigated by real-time PCR, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical assays and evaluated for correlations with clinicopathologic variables. AQP1, 3, 8 exhibited differential expression in cervical carcinoma, corresponding CIN and mild cervicitis. AQP1 was predominantly localized in the microvascular endothelial cell in the stroma of mild cervicitis, CIN and cervical carcinoma. AQP3 and AQP8 were localized in the membrane of normal squamous epithelium and carcinoma cells, local signals being more common than diffuse staining. AQP1 and AQP3 expression was remarkably stronger in cervical cancer than in mild cervicitis and CIN2-3 (P<0.05). AQP8 expression was highest in CIN2-3 (91.7%), but levels in cervical carcinoma were also higher than in mild cervicitis. AQP1, AQP3, AQP8 expression significantly increased in advanced stage, deeper infiltration, metastatic lymph nodes and larger tumor volume (P<0.05). Our findings showed that AQPs might play important roles in cervical carcinogenesis and tumour progression in Uygur women.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Aquaporins(AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins that are widely distributed in various tissues throughout the body and play a major role in Oanscellular and Oansepithelial water movement. Uterine endometrium undergoes recurrent uterine stromal edema in response to hormonal stimuli, however, the mechanism regulating the fluid transport during the estrous cycle has not been fully understood. To investigate the possible role of AQPs in water movement in uterus during the estrous cycle, expression patterns of AQP -1, -3, -4, -5, -8, and -9 UMh in mouse uterus were analyzed by using semiquantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-nR). We employed a combination of laser capture microdissection(LCM) and RT-PCR to examine the expression patterns in specific uterine cell types luminal epithelial cells(LE) and stromal cells(S). Our results showed that the level of AQP-4 mRNA was significantly increased while the level of AQP-3 mRNA was significantly decreased during the proestous through the estrus stage. In addition LCM revealed that AQP-4 and -8 mRNAs were highly expressed in LE compared with S. Taken together, these results suggest that AQPs may have an important function in physiological changes of mouse uterus during the estrous cycle.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.749-762
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• 2021

Colostrum, which contains various immune and growth factors, aids wound healing by promoting keratinocyte proliferation. Aquaporins (AQPs) are small, hydrophobic membrane proteins that regulate cellular water retention. However, few studies have examined the effect of processed colostrum whey on AQP-3 expression in human skin cells. Here, we investigated the effect of milk, colostrum, fermented milk, and fermented colostrum whey on AQP-3 expression in keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Concentrations of 100-400 ㎍/mL of fermented colostrum whey were found to induce HaCaT cell proliferation. AQP-3 was found to be expressed exclusively in HaCaT cells. AQP-3 expression was significantly increased in 100 ㎍/mL fermented colostrum whey-treated cells compared with that in controls. Moreover, fermented colostrum increased p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, but not ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thus, our results suggest that fermented colostrum whey increased AQP-3 expression in, and the proliferation of, keratinocytes via JNK and p38 MAPK activation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of acupuncture at the $KI_2\;KI_{10}\;HT_8\;HT_3$, on Aquaporin-2(AQP2) expression related with the renal functions in rats. Methods : Acupuncture was performed during 100-seconds, 6-times, at 150-seconds intervals under anesthesia in rats. We observed rats' mean arterial pressure(MAP), heart rate(HR), renal sympathetic nerve activity(RSNA) during acupuncture and AQP2 expression by western blot method and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), renin, norepinephrine of plasma after decapitation. Results : The AQP2 expression was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group, but decreased in $KI_{10}$ group. Average MAP during 6-times acupuncture was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group. Average HR was significantly increased in $HT_8$ group, Average RSNA was increased in $KI_{10}$ group, but that was marginally increased in $KI_{10}$ group. Plasma renin concentration was increased in $KI_2,\;HT_3$, groups. Plasma ANP show a tendency to decrease in $KI_10\;HT_3$ groups, increased in $KI_2,\;HT_3$ but not significant. Plasma norepinephrine concentration was significantly decreased in $KI_{10},\;HT_3$ groups. Conclusions : These results suggested that acupuncture at $HT_8$ activate renal function to reuptake, but $KI_{10}$ show a decline on effect of AQP2 expression, blood pressure, nerve activity and renin.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.331-336
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• 2008

The present study was aimed to determine whether there is an altered regulation of tubular transporters in gentamicin-induced nephropathy. Sprague-Dawley male rats ($200{\sim}250\;g$) were subcutaneously injected with gentamicin (100 mg/kg per day) for 7 days, and the expression of tubular transporters was determined by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expression of OAT was also determined. Gentamicin-treated rats exhibited significantly decreased creatinine clearance along with increased plasma creatinine levels. Accordingly, the fractional excretion of sodium increased. Urine volume was increased, while urine osmolality and free water reabsorption were decreased. Immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry revealed decreased expression of $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase, NHE3, NBC1, and AQP1 in the kidney of gentamicin-treated rats. The expression of OAT1 and OAT3 was also decreased. Gentamicin-induced nephropathy may at least in part be causally related with a decreased expression of $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase, NHE3, NBC1, AQP1 and OAT.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.35-52
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• 2016

Objectives :The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on factors related the expression of aquaporins (AQP) and milk production after administration of Boheotang-gagam in lactating mice. Methods: The SKH-1 mice were randomly allocated to the control group which was administered with distilled water for two weeks after the parturition and the experimental groups such as, lactating+400G group (L400G) which was administered with Boheotang-gagam 400 mg/day, lactating+600G group (L600G) which was administered with 600 mg/day for two weeks after the parturition, and 400G+lactating+400G group (400G-L400G) which was administered with 400 mg/day for 3 weeks starting one week prior to parturition for experiment (n=6 per group). Results: 1. With regard to the immunohistochemical staining reaction for AQP1, AQP3, and AQP5, stronger immune response was also showed in mammary gland in all experimental groups as compared to the control group. AQP1 showed stronger immune response in the capillaries and venules which were located around the interlobular duct, while stronger immune response of AQP3 and AQP5 showed in the secretory alveolar epithelia and intralobular and interlobular ductal epithelial cells. 2. In the western blot, L400G group showed the most increased expression followed by L600G and then 400G-L400G group in AQP1. In AQP3, the order of expression density was observed as L600G, 400G-L400G and L400G group. Lastly, in AQP5, L400G group presented the most increased expression followed by L600G and 400G-L400G group. Conclusions: Boheotang-gagam would have the effect of increasing the lactation of mice after the birth by increasing the prolactin level and adjusting the expression of AQPs and prolactin receptor in the mammary glands.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.232-238
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• 2020

This study evaluated the anti-aging activity with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and moisture activity of Ganoderma lucidum spore oil(GLS). GLS increased DPPH radical scavenging activity in a dose-dependent manners. Anti-inflammatory assay measured the inhibitory effect of GLS on NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. As a result GLS inhibited NO and pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, IL-6 production. Also using human fibroblast cell to the procollagen production analysis and COL1A1 mRNA expression level analysis for defining, and for AQP-3 mRNA expression level analysis, used human keratinocyte cell. GLS increased procollagen production and COL1A1, AQP-3 mRNA expression. Our results suggest that the GLS have potential anti-inflammatory and wrinkle improves, skin moisture effect.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.115-125
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenosides (GS) have potential value as cosmetic additives for prevention of skin photoaging. However, their protective mechanisms against skin barrier damage and their active monomeric constituents are unknown. Methods: GS monomer types and their relative proportions were identified. A UVB-irradiated BALB/c hairless mouse model was used to assess protective effects of GS components on skin epidermal thickness and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). Skin barrier function, reflected by filaggrin (FLG), involucrin (IVL), claudin-1 (Cldn-1), and aquaporin 3 (AQP3) levels and MAPK phosphorylation patterns, were analyzed in UVB-irradiated hairless mice or HaCaT cells. Results: Total GS monomeric content detected by UPLC was 85.45% and was largely attributed to 17 main monomers that included Re (16.73%), Rd (13.36%), and Rg1 (13.38%). In hairless mice, GS ameliorated UVB-induced epidermal barrier dysfunction manifesting as increased epidermal thickness, increased TEWL, and decreased stratum corneum water content without weight change. Furthermore, GS treatment of UVB-irradiated mice restored protein expression levels and epidermal tissue distributions of FLG, IVL, Cldn-1, and AQP3, with consistent mRNA and protein expression results obtained in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells (except for unchanging Cldn-1 expression). Mechanistically, GS inhibited JNK, p38, and ERK phosphorylation in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells, with a mixture of Rg2, Rg3, Rk3, F2, Rd, and Rb3 providing the same protective MAPK pathway inhibition-associated upregulation of IVL and AQP3 expression as provided by intact GS treatment. Conclusion: GS protection against UVB-irradiated skin barrier damage depends on activities of six ginsenoside monomeric constituents that inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2003

The salivary glands produce 1.5L of fluid per day. As in other exocrine organs, the general mechanism in the salivary glands is that water movement occurs secondary to osmotic driving forces created by active salt transport. Therefore, high water permeability in the salivary glands is expected to have a variety of aquaporin (AQP), a water channel. Although some AQPs have been known to be present in the salivary glands, roles of parasympathetic nerve in AQP expression have not yet been examined. This study was designed to examine the changes of AQPs and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the submandibular glands after parasympathetic denervation. Right chorda-lingual nerve was cut, and each right (experiment) and left (control) submandibular gland was excised at 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days after denervation. The denervated right submandibular glands were resulted in weight loss and morphologic changes, including cell loss and atrophy, as the time elapsed after parasympathetic denervation increased, whereas there were no histologic alteration in control side. AQP5 which is known to reside in apical membrane and secretory caraliculi of the submandibular acini were gradually underexpressed according, as the time after denervation increased. Expression of AQP4 in submandibular ductal epithelium was down-regulated after denervation. Besides, AQP3 and 8, which is known to be present in basolateral membrane of the glandular acini, were gradually underexpressed after denervation, similar to the pattern of other types. Expression of ERK, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, was downregulated after parasympathetic denervation in the submandibular gland. These results suggest that parasympathetic nervous system regulates the expression of AQPs in salivary glands, and is in part mediated by ERK pathway.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 2015

Objective : To study the effect of early intervention and rehabilitation in the expression of aquaporin-4 and ultrastructure changes on cerebral palsy pups model induced by intrauterine infection. Methods : 20 pregnant Wistar rats were consecutively injected with lipopolysaccharide intraperitoneally. 60 Pups born from lipopolysaccharide group were randomly divided into intervention group (n=30) and non-intervention group (n=30); intervention group further divided into early intervention and rehabilitation group (n=10), acupuncture group (n=10) and consolidate group (n=10). Another 5 pregnant rats were injected with normal saline intraperitoneally; 30 pups born from the normal saline group were taken as control group. The intervention group received early intervention, rehabilitation and acupuncture treatment. The motor functions of all pups were assessed via suspension test and modified BBB locomotor score. Aquaporin-4 expression in brain tissue was studied through immunohistochemical and western-blot analysis. Ultrastructure changes in damaged brain and control group were studied electron-microscopically. Results : The scores of suspension test and modified BBB locomotor test were significantly higher in the control group than the intervention and non intervention group (p<0.01); higher in the intervention group than the non-intervention group (p<0.01). The expression of Aquaporin-4 was lower in intervention and non intervention group than in the control group (p<0.01); also lower in non-intervention group than the intervention group (p<0.01). Marked changes were observed in ultrastructure of cortex and hippocampus CAI in brain damaged group. Conclusion : Early intervention and rehabilitation training can improve the motor function in offspring with brain injury and reduce the expression of aquaporin-4 in damaged brain.