• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.518-526
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• 2020

This paper presents an efficient hardware random-number generator based on a beta source. The proposed generator counts the values of "0" and "1" and provides a method to distinguish between pseudo-random and true random numbers by comparing them using simple cumulative operations. The random-number generator produces labeled data indicating whether the count value is a pseudo- or true random number according to its bit value based on the generated labeling data. The proposed method is verified using a system based on Verilog RTL coding and LabVIEW for hardware implementation. The generated random numbers were tested according to the NIST SP 800-22 and SP 800-90B standards, and they satisfied the test items specified in the standard. Furthermore, the hardware is efficient and can be used for security, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things applications in real time.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.171-178
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• 2017

Data mashup is a web technology that combines information from multiple sources into a single web application. Mashup applications create a new horizon for new services, like environmental monitoring. Environmental monitoring is a serious tool for the state and private organizations, which are located in regions with environmental hazards and seek to gain insights to detect hazards and locate them clearly. These organizations utilize a data mashup to merge datasets from different Internet of multimedia things (IoMT) context-based services in order to leverage its data analytics performance and the accuracy of the predictions. However, mashup different datasets from multiple sources is a privacy hazard as it might reveal citizens specific behaviors in different regions. The ability to preserve privacy in mashuped datasets and at the same time provide accurate insights becomes a key success for the spread of mashup services. In this paper, we present our efforts to build a fog-based middleware for private data mashup (FMPM) to serve a centralized environmental monitoring service. The proposed middleware is equipped with concealment mechanisms to preserve the privacy of the merged datasets from multiple IoMT networks involved in the mashup application. Also, these mechanisms preserve the aggregates in the dataset to maximize the usability of information to attain accurate analytical results. We also provide a scenario for IoMT-enabled data mashup service and experimentation results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.748-750
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• 2017

With the development of intelligent technologies, the Internet of Things(IoT) has been applied to various applications. A platform technology including a sensor-server-DB for easily managing data at a remote site is required. In this paper, we implemented a servo motor control system that moves by the smart phone tilt value using NodeJS and MongoDB. The system consists of Rasberry Pi, servo motor and smart phone and the servo motor sensor data is transmitted to NodeJS so that data can be stored in database.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.283-288
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• 2019

LPWA (Low Power Wide Area) networks have been considered as one of the technologies which can be implemented in IoT (Internet of Things) applications by providing less power and longer communication range compared with existing wireless technologies. In this paper, we investigate LoRa which is one of representative technologies for LPWA networks. First, we present general properties and several technologies of LPWA networks. Then, the technical specification, properties, and pros/cons of LoRa are studied. Finally, we discuss analysis of LoRa's performance and its ehancement technologies by focusing on physical layer and MAC (Medium Access Control) layer.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.23-43
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• 2021

This research is a study on smart homes products, which interest and research are being conducted, because of the recent development of the Internet of Things. Consumer's Purchase intention was set as a dependent variable, and technological trust was used as a mediating variable. We used Technology Acceptance Model as background theory. Perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, Security, and Brand were set as independent variables. The results of this study are as follows. First, it was found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and security significantly affected technological trust that consumers feel. Second, technological trust also had a significant effect on purchase intention, and it was found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and product security, excluding brands, had an indirect mediating effect on consumers' purchase intention through technological trust. This study is meaningful in that by conducting user-centered research, and results that are partially contrasted with existing studies are derived from increasing the interest of factors we used.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2015

This paper introduces various applications and contents of digital signage, and analyzes conventional communication techniques to increase communication range. To realize digital signage in long distance, this paper proposes a hybrid modulation scheme and analyzes its performance. To verify its performance in real channel environment, we mapped symbols and experimented data transmission and reception with a visible light communication module with USRP. As a result, we confirmed a data receiving range and power of transmission and reception of the hybrid modulation mode. Also, we showed that the proposed modulation scheme has better performance of communication range and power efficiency than that of the conventional QAM technique.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.407-413
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• 2018

In this paper, we present a scalable data delivery infrastructure for such IoT computing environment where we need a common platform where data providers share their diverse sensing data and applications can easily access and receive such data from providers. For efficient data delivery, this paper proposes a new delivery path management technique that take advantage of diverse consumer QoS when building bandwidth-efficient delivery paths. We perform primitive experiments on the path construction and reconstruction which may be major overhead of the scalable infrastructure. The results show that the proposed infrastructure achieves a high level of scalability, and demonstrates that the management overhead is not significant.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.951-964
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• 2020

This paper presents a lightweight true random number generator (TRNG) using beta radiation that is useful for Internet of Things (IoT) security. In general, a random number generator (RNG) is required for all secure communication devices because random numbers are needed to generate encryption keys. Most RNGs are computer algorithms and use physical noise as their seed. However, it is difficult to obtain physical noise in small IoT devices. Since IoT security functions are required in almost all countries, IoT devices must be equipped with security algorithms that can pass the cryptographic module validation programs of each country. In this regard, it is very cumbersome to embed security algorithms, random number generation algorithms, and even physical noise sources in small IoT devices. Therefore, this paper introduces a lightweight TRNG comprising a thin-film beta-radiation source and integrated circuits (ICs). Although the ICs are currently being designed, the IC design was functionally verified at the board level. Our random numbers are output from a verification board and tested according to National Institute of Standards and Technology standards.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

Smart Cities intelligently manage numerous infrastructures, including Smart-City IoT devices, and provide a variety of smart-city applications to citizen. In order to provide various information needed for smart-city applications, Smart Cities require a function to intelligently process large-scale streamed big data that are constantly generated from a large number of IoT devices. To provide smart services in Smart-City, the Smart-City Consortium uses stream reasoning. Our stream reasoning requires real-time processing of big data. However, there are limitations associated with real-time processing of large-scale streamed big data in Smart Cities. In this paper, we introduce one of our researches on cloud computing based real-time distributed-parallel-processing to be used in stream-reasoning of IoT big data in Smart Cities. The Smart-City Consortium introduced its previously developed smart-city middleware. In the research for this paper, we made cloud computing based real-time distributed-parallel-processing available in the cloud computing platform of the smart-city middleware developed in the previous research, so that we can perform real-time distributed-parallel-processing with them. This paper introduces a real-time distributed-parallel-processing method and system for stream reasoning with IoT big data transmitted from various sensors of Smart Cities and evaluate the performance of real-time distributed-parallel-processing of the system where the method is implemented.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2019

Since the information of $4^{th}$ Industrial Revolution is introduced in WEF (World Economic Forum) in 2016, IoT, AI, Big Data, 5G, Cloud Computing, 3D/4DPrinting, Robotics, Nano Technology, and Bio Engineering have been rapidly developed as business applications as well as technologies themselves. Among the diverse business applications for IoT, wearable devices are recognized as the leading application devices for final customers. This longitudinal study is compared to the results of the 1st study conducted to identify customer needs of activity trackers, and links the identified users' needs with the well-known marketing frame of marketing mix. For this longitudinal study, a survey was applied to university students in June, 2018, and ANOVA were applied for major variables on usable features. Further, potential customer needs were identified and visualized by Word Cloud Technique. According to the analysis results, different from other high tech IT devices, activity trackers have diverse and unique potential needs. The results of this longitudinal study contribute primarily to understand usable features and their changes according to product maturity. It would provide some valuable implications in dynamic manner to activity tracker designers as well as researchers in this arena.