• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.161-170
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• 2010

This paper provides a novel approach for a user oriented system for face detection system for application developers. Even though there are many open source or commercial libraries to solve the problem of face detection, they are still hard to use because they require specific knowledge on detail algorithmic techniques. The purpose of this paper is to come up with a high-level system for face detection with which users can develop systems easily and even without specific knowledge on face detection theories and algorithms. Important conditions are firstly considered to categorize the large problem space of face detection. The conditions identified here are then represented as expressions so that application developers can use them to express various problems. Once the conditions are expressed by developers, the interpreter proposed take the role to interpret the conditions, find and organize the optimal algorithms to solve the represented problem with corresponding conditions. A proof-of-concept is implemented and some example problems are tested and analyzed to show the ease of use and usability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in electromyographic (EMG) activities of upper limb muscles between cross- and parallel-aligned taping and to compare the effects of these 2 taping methods in healthy adults. Thirty subjects, who volunteered for this study, were tested under 3 taping conditions in random order: (1) no taping, (2) cross-aligned taping, and (3) parallel-aligned taping. EMG activities of the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, flexor carpi ulnaris, and extensor carpi radialis muscles were measured. All muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity among the 3 conditions (p<.05). In the post hoc test, biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles showed significant differences in EMG activity between the no taping and the cross-aligned taping conditions and between the no taping and the parallel-aligned taping conditions. Additionally, the EMG activities of the flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles appeared to be significantly different between the no taping and parallel-aligned taping conditions. These findings demonstrate that taping may be helpful for decreasing muscle activity, regardless of the direction of tape application. This study provides useful information to future researchers regarding the effects of taping on muscle activity.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of project selection procedures such as information provision and transparency and project application conditions such as required documents and conditions on the satisfaction of agricultural subsidy support policy and re-application intention to support pig farmers in Jeju. The results of analysis are summarized as follows. First Need to improve the satisfaction of the business selection procedure rather than to relax the business application conditions in order to improve the satisfaction of the subsidy support business. Second, Need to improve the satisfaction of the business selection procedure rather than to relax the business application conditions in order to increase the subsidy re-application intention through the income increase effect by the subsidy support project. It is shown that the efforts to improve the satisfaction of the selection process can improve the satisfaction of the subsidy support project as well as re-application intention at the same time. Therefore, It is necessary to focus on improving the satisfaction of the project selection process, such as providing information and reflecting opinions on the subsidy project.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.452-461
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• 2017

This study was conducted to select an optimal approach to corn waste biochar (BC) application, and to evaluate the effects of combined application of BC and inorganic fertilizer (IF) on corn growth and soil chemical properties in a pot experiment. Corn growth differed with BC application timing and BC application levels. Based on the characteristics of corn growth in pot-based experiments, the selected optimal application conditions of BC were application of $500kg\;10a^{-1}$ at 20 days before sowing. Also, the chemical properties of the tested soil with BC after corn harvesting were significantly improved than those in the other treatments. In particular, soil pH and CEC regardless of application conditions were markedly increased by 0.04~0.19 units and $0.08{\sim}2.58coml_c\;kg^{-1}$ in BC treatments than without BC treatments. Additionally, combined application of BC and IF had greater effects on corn growth than single application of BC. Therefore, the results suggest using properly BC application conditions and a combination of BC and IF for effective corn cultivation in an upland field.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.497-503
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• 2018

Most of the conditions of contract applied in international construction contracts, including various conditions of contract published by FIDIC, include the provision for Retention Money which inevitably result in negative impact on cash-flow or financial burden to the contractors. In this study, fundamental reasons behind the application of Retention Money provisions are analysed and contractual mechanisms included in the FIDIC conditions of contract are searched, which include provisions for Performance Security and Defects as well as Termination, so that proper judgement can be derived on the application of Retention Money. In conclusion, considering the various contract provisions, performance security, termination of the contract by the Employer etc. included in the FIDIC conditions of contract, it is not necessary to include the provision for Retention Money.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2021

This paper traces the process of constructing a new one-dimensional chaotic map, and will provide a simple application in color image encryption. The use of Sarkovskii's theorem will make it possible to determine the existence of chaos and restrict all conditions to ensure the existence of this new sequence. In addition, the sensitivity to initial conditions will be proved by Lyapunov's index value. Similarly, the performance of this new chaotic map will be illustrated graphically and compared with other chaotic maps most commonly used in cryptography. Finally, a humble color image encryption application will show the power of this new chaotic map.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2016

Purpose: Evaluation of atmospheric conditions for proper timing of spray application is important to prevent off-target movement of crop protection materials. Susceptible crops can be damaged downwind if proper application procedure is not followed. In our previous study, hourly data indicated unfavorable conditions, primarily between evening 18:00 hrs in the evening and 6:00 hrs next morning, during clear conditions in the hot summer months in the Mississippi delta. With the requirement of timely farm operations, sub-hourly data are required to provide better guidelines for pilots, as conditions of atmospheric stability can change rapidly. Although hourly data can be interpolated to some degree, finer resolution for data acquisition of the order of 15 min would provide pilots with more accurate recommendations to match the data recording frequency of local weather stations. Methods: In the present study, temperature and wind speed data obtained at a meteorological tower were re-sampled to calculate the atmospheric stability ratio for sub-hour and hourly recommendations. High-precision evaluation of temperature inversion periods influencing atmospheric stability was made considering strength, time of occurrence, and duration of temperature inversion. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that atmospheric stability could be determined at different time intervals providing consistent recommendations to aerial applicators, thereby avoiding temperature inversion with minimal off-target drift of the sprayed liquid.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 1998

The photosynthetic rate (LPS)in the field was higher in the non-shading condition than in the shading. The fertilizer application was somewhat higher than non-fertilizer application. After humus application at 50% sading condition the growth and LPS increased with Ligularia fischeri. The maximum LPS at 80% shading was 22.3${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$mol/m/s with N-fertilizer application . Except Aster tataricus and Solidago virge-aurea. var. asiatic where the maximum LPS at non-shading and N-fertilizer application were 38.68 and 35.28${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$mol/m2/s. While the maximum LPS of Aster scaber was 30.01${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$mol/$m^2$/s at non-shading and non-fertilizer application. the growth rate was higher shading and fertilized conditions than non-shading and non-fertilized . The most effective shading condition was 50% , but leaf ration was highest in the 80% . But a. tataricus was favorable at non-shading and N-feritlized conditions.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2005

This paper has presented an application of an optimum grinding conditions based on the fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic can handle vague and uncertain knowledge, and presents a scheme for integrating data with various kinds of grinding data. Especially, this research is capable of determining the grinding conditions taking into account some fuzzy membership function represented for trapezoidal form such as hardness and surface roughness of workpiece, material tensile strength and elongation, and requirement of grinding method. Larsen's fuzzy production method utilizing the fuzzy production rule can be applied on the establishment of grinding conditions, and also the output value obtained by the center of gravity method can effectively utilize the optimum grinding conditions.

• Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the use of vibrating microneedles for the transdermal delivery of vitamin C. The microneedles were designed to vibrate at three levels of intensity. In vitro permeation by vitamin C was evaluated according to the specific conditions such as vibration intensity (levels 1, 2 and 3), application time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 min), and application power (500, 700 and 1,000 g). The highest permeation of vitamin C was observed at level 3 of vibration intensity, 5 min of application, and 1,000 g of application power. Vitamin C gel showed no cytotoxic effect against Pam212 cells or skin irritation effects. A pharmacokinetic study of the gel in rats was conducted under optimized conditions. The $AUC_{0-{\infty}}$ and $C_{max}$ increased 1.35-fold and 1.44-fold, respectively, compared with those after vitamin C gel without application with vibrating microneedles. The present study suggests that vibrating microneedles can be used to facilitate the skin permeability of vitamin C under optimal conditions.