• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.113-145
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• 2010

Nowadays, it is surely the quack which stands as one of the most controversial, problematic. the quack has been a consistent target of contested public protection strategies in the past few centuries in many countries. Recently, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly utilized and accepted by patients and providers throughout the health care system in the world, most accounts attribute this growing acceptability to the shortcomings of conventional medicine, the appeal of CAM's core beliefs, and the growing body of research indicating that CAM actually works. However, the governments of western countries have called for measures to ensure that the public are protected from incompetent and dangerous practitioners. Common to these controversies has been a suggestion to ban, exclude or limit the medical practice of those deemed to be damaging rather than improving the health of individuals as a measure of public protection. This article describes the experiences of western counties' health care system which is moving in a more pluralistic direction. By examining the ways in which regulatory efforts in the countries have come to address what is invariably described as a growing interest in CAM, this study show how the problem of CAM/quackery today is increasingly located in an ethical field of practitioner competency, qualifications, conduct, responsibility and personal professional development, regardless of the form of therapy in question. Many countries developed a series of measures and strategies to contain the acceptance of CAM groups, such as insisting on scientific evidence of safety and efficacy, resisting integration of CAM with conventional medicine and opposing government support for research and education. In a sense, those countries' movements serve to protect not only patients, but the dominant position of medicine and its allied professions, and to maintain existing jurisdictional boundaries within the healthcare system. The popular support for CAM will require that health professional stakeholders continue to address the challenges this poses, and at the same time protect their position at healthcare system. To cope with the quack, professional body, public sector and health authorities should consider the safety of consumers of healthcare and responding to the demands of the community for CAM therapies as well as the claims of the established healthcare professions. Finally, some implications for future health care were suggested.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2015

In this paper, soil erosion and soil loss management system (SMS) of the City of Calgary in Albert, Canada was reviewed. Regulatory basis supporting this soil management system, permit process and conditions, guidelines and principles for the SMS, and monitoring and repair duties, inspection were discussed. Permit process in the City of Calgary is handled mainly by Urban Development Division, in which special task force called CPAG (Coorporative Planning Application Group) (if necessary circulated through related subdivisions). Inspects all the permit conditions and decides permit or refusal, and LUM (Land Use and Mobility) advertises the approval, if there is no appeals, permit is released to developers. If permit is rejected, applicant can appeals Development Appeal Board, it can approve or reject. In addition to permit, the city has manual for soil management plan, which includes BMP selection, design, monitoring, maintenance, and inspection activities. Perfect SMS policy does not necessarily guarantee relieving the soil-particle related pollution problem, but in Korea, we have to recognize that construction works during development is potentially the most destructive stage of environmental pollution. The central and local governments must make preparations for the effective and tight regulations and ordinance which is appropriate for regional social-economic conditions.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.289-321
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• 1996

After the two big wars (Imjin Woeran and Byungia Horan), the Lee Dynasty confronted rapid transitional periods in almost all aspects of the society. Corruption of the governmental system by the wars and disordered social structures also caused confusion in the social position system. In addition, development of the commercial economic system and monetary economy brought up a new rich middle-class, "Joong in Gyegeup". In ideological aspects, Confucianism indulged in and stick to isms and ics, and the Confucian morality slackened, thus a more pragmatic ideology, "Silhak Sasang", developed. And the emergence of the modern literature and art of the 'common people' was followed by the appearance of the common-people class including those having the common-people concept among the noble-class "Yangban Gyegeup". This evoked a new common costume culture and the fashion appeared. The public could no longer find the power and appeal from the preexisting ruling classes due to the changed role and sense of value. Thus, they sought a new symbolic leader group that would to be the new standard of the newly changed society. That was a group of people called as "Kisaeng" liberal and independent. They were performing social activities, enjoying poetry, music and dancing, and classy dressers, having physically attractive bodies. The erotic as well as luxurious mode proposed by them reflected the trend of that time. It concurred well with the concept and taste of the public, so it was accepted with a good response. That is, by following these leaders, the public achieved their identification and tried to share the prestige of the leaders. For this reason, the Kisaeng group attracted the public attention and led the taste of the public, thereby becoming the influential fashion leaders of that age.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.42
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

Anthropomorphism is one of the commonly used appeal methods in the field of communication design. Almost all visual images that humans encounter are exposed to this anthropomorphism, and we are consciously or unconsciously utilizing or being used. In addition, anthropomorphism can be found in almost all cultures and arts rather than in a specific field of study. Therefore, in this paper, the personification is redefined based on the relationship formation structure based on the anthropomorphic cases observed in culture and art and the results of previous studies. In addition, the personification form is defined as two kinds of personification and inverse personification according to the subject of relationship formation based on the personification type and gesture list derived from the previous study on the personification technique. Through the application cases of anthropomorphic techniques, which are appealed across the design domain, the effective anthropomorphic application system was defined. The definition of anthropomorphic relationship formation and anthropomorphic application system provided a framework for anthropomorphic techniques that could lead to effective audience satisfaction in various media. In addition, through the personification application system that synchronizes the characteristics of the conceptual traits of the medium with the gesture list and the personification type classification, it was confirmed that a device for communicating with the owner can be provided with a powerful and effective personification technique.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.50-61
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• 2011

The Infrared touch method is generally used for a mid and large-size touch screen. But this method has several problems, such as difficulty with installation of a touch-object recognition device, limited application and coordinate error in multi-point touch system. Since we can take advantages of both color and local information when we use general cameras for a touch screen, a touch screen using general camera is more efficient than infrared one. It also has an advantage of easy installation of a touch-object device. However, it did not much appeal in a market because of several problems, such as color sensitivity, illumination and reflected light. In this paper, we study a method for a touch screen using a general camera and image processing method to recognize touch objects and coordinate calculation method to single and multi-point touch screen. It has the same recognition performance as an infrared touch screen for single-point method. And it does not have ghost point problem by using distance information of touch object and camera in multi-point touch system. But recognition performances of multi-point touch screen are less than single-point. If we improve execution time, this method can replace an infrared method for a single point touch screen, according to result of experience.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2018

This study has the purpose of suggesting the method to analyze the spatiotemporal change of satisfaction concerning the officially assessed land price using geostatistical analysis. Analyzing the spatial distribution characteristic of officially assessed land price using present GIS (Geographic Information System) or is staying at qualitatively suggesting the improvement method of the officially assessed land price system. Grouping the appeal strength based on the official price and opinion price of officially assessed land price, GIS DB (Database) was constructed and the time seriate satisfaction were analyzed and compared through spatial density analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis. As a result, it was found that the difference between the official price and the applicant's price differed depending on individual land, but most of the respondents requested the increase or the reduction of the average land price, which resulted in a large number of request. Analyzing the satisfaction of the officially assessed land price by using GIS, it was known that satisfaction of officially assessed land price could be analyzed by using the difference of the opinion price and not only the officially assessed land price. Spatiotemporal change of officially assessed land price satisfaction was known to be possible through spatiotemporal pattern analysis method such as spatiotemporal auto-corelation analysis and hotspot analysis etc using GIS. In short, regionally positive or negative significant relationship was investigated through spatiotemporal analysis using annual data.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.114-119
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• 2012

We have conducted 4 experiments to develop the most environmental and effective use of the two-fluid fog system to prevent and exterminate whiteflies in tomato cultivation. In particular, these experiments used Vitamini tomatoes grown in stand-alone greenhouses at Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station as subjects. Each experiment utilized the fog system in a different way. The first experiment provided the control group, which was subject to the two-fluid fog system without additional humidity control. In the second experiment, the two-fluid fog system controlled the humidity level to be above 70%. The third and the fourth experiment utilized natural substances, which were 1.5 mg/L of Neem Oil and 2 mg/L of Oleic acid respectively, without additional humidity control. From the first experiment, we could observe that a simple use of the two-fluid fog system decreased the density of whiteflies in the greenhouses. This impact of the fog system on whiteflies was greater in the second experiment. By comparing the first and the second experiment, we concluded that whiteflies are more effectively prevented by maintaining a higher humidity level via the fog system's smaller water droplets that float in the air for longer time than the standard fog system in rather dry condition. In the third and the fourth experiments, the extermination level was 78% and 76.4% respectively, comparing only 53% in the first experiment without the humidity control. Therefore, using the natural substances in addition to the humidity control increases the extermination effectiveness. Considering the similar results from the 3rd and the 4th experiments, Oleic acid has a greater appeal for its lower price. Using the two-fluid fog system to both control the humidity on a daily basis and spray the substances for occasional extermination would reduce labor cost and increase production in an environmental way.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.273-314
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• 2004

There is a belief in the construction industry that the traditional court system may not be an ideal forum to effectively and efficiently resolve construction disputes due to the protracted proceedings and the three tier appeal system resulting in a long delay in the final and conclusive settlement of the dispute, relatively high costs involved, the lack of requisite knowledge and experience in the relevant industry, etc. Hence, they assert that certain alternative dispute resolution ('ADR') methods, such as mediation, conciliation, arbitration or a new system for dispute settlement in the form of any combination thereof should be developed and employed for construction disputes so as to resolve them more promptly and efficiently to the satisfaction of all the disputants concerned. This paper discusses certain merits of such assertions and the need for additional considerations for effective resolution of the construction disputes in light of the complexity of the case, importance of expert witnesses, parties' relationship and non-level playing field of the construction industry and so on. At the same time, however, given the inherent nature of disputes rendering the parties involved in an adversarial position, it would rather be difficult, if not practically impossible, to satisfy all the parties concerned in the dispute. Accordingly, in this study, it is also purported to address the demerits of such assertions by studying the situation from a more balanced perspective, in particular, in relation to the operation of such ADRs. In fact, most of such ADRs as stipulated by special acts, such as the Construction Industry Basic Act of Korea, in the form of mediation or conciliation, have failed to get support from the industry, and as a result, such ADRs are seldom used in practice. Tn contrast, the court system has been greatly improved by implementing a new concentrated review system and establishing several tribunals designed to specialize in the review and resolution of specific types of disputes, including the construction disputes. These improvements of the court system have been warmly received by the industry. Arbitration is another forum for settlement of construction disputes, which has grown and is expected to grow as the most effective ADR with the support from the construction industry. In this regard, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board ('KCAB') has established a set of internal rules end procedures in operation to efficiently handle construction disputes. Considering the foregoing, this paper addresses the most important elements of the arbitration, i.e., arbitration agreement and arbitral award, primarily focusing on the domestic arbitrations before the KCAB. However, since this parer is prepared for presentation at the construction disputes seminar for the public audience, it is not intended for academic purposes, nor does it delve into any specific acadcmic issues. Likewise, although this paper addresses certain controversial issues by way of introduction, it mainly purports to facilitate the understanding of the general public, including the prospective arbitrators on the KCAB roster without the relevant legal education and background, concerning the importance of the integrity of the arbitration agreement and the arbitral award. In sum, what is purported in this study is simply to note that there are still many outstanding issues with mediation, conciliation and arbitration, as a matter of system, institutional operation or otherwise, for further study and consideration so as to enhance them as effective means for settlement of construction disputes, in replacement of or in conjunction with the court proceeding. For this purpose, it is essential for all the relevant parties, including lawyers, engineers, owners, contractors and social activists aiming to protect consumers' and subcontractors' interests, to conduct joint efforts to study the complicated nature of construction works and to develop effective means for examination and handling of the disputes of a technical nature, including the accumulation of the relevant industrial data. Based on the foregoing, the parties may be in a better position to select the appropriate dispute resolution mechanism, a court proceeding or in its stead, an effective ADR, considering the relevant factors of the subject construction works or the contract structure, such as the bargaining position of the parties, their financial status, confidentiality requirements, technical or commercial complexity of the case at hand, urgency for settlements, etc.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.539-559
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• 2019

One of the fundamental roles of libraries is to provide users with efficient and easy retrieval of materials. Various discussions have been made at domestic and abroad to improve the accessibility of materials by category, user, and collection, and at the center of this is the issue of improving classification and cataloging systems. However, there are few studies in this area dealing with the data accessibility of the DLS catalog, which is a central tool for accessing domestic school library materials. This study started from the appeal of school library users to the difficulty of searching and accessing books, especially literature. This study is an exploratory study that attempts to derive problems by finding the causes of there difficulties from various aspects. To this study, we surveyed and analyzed the current status of school library collections, the data registration of the school library support system DLS, the subject accessibility of catalog records produced through this, and the recognition and opinions of school library professionals. As a result, school library collections were highly concentrated in the literature field, and it was found that there was not enough catalog bibliographic records to provide efficient access to these collections. In addition, it was found to be somewhat lacking through the DLS search function to compensate for this. Surveys of school librarians and librarians have also identified this problem, and a rich topic index and search keyword assignments have been drawn to the majority of opinions as a way to improve access to materials in school library catalogs. As a continuous discussion on this subject, the plan for improving access to school library materials will be more concrete through future user studies and new challenges for bookshelf classification.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.59-68
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• 2005

In 20th century, that is the times of mass production with mass consumption, a company supplies standard product by the system of mass production line. Therefore, the company, itself, had to introduce its product quality to the customers. It was the buying criterion of consumer against product. In that period, a company utilized its identity in order to give customers product information such as product value, price and quality, etc. However, as digital technology with the wide-spread of informationalization & technical revolution is developed, products have diversification and customers have better incomes. So, buying method tends to thi purchase of self-satisfaction generally. In the buying criterion of consumerbased on personality & sensibility, a company must offer the buying criterion of product which can appeal the special quality & image of product itself to customers, and it must stop appealing the Cl of company under the condition of mass production by product quality and function. This study tried to focus on the method which can create effective brand and its image that are the buying criterion of new product. Also, this study tried to find the effective relation between economical & social paradigm which is the result of social informationalization with intensive knowledge, and buying determination of customer, And, this study tried to present guideline of effective brand image and brand special Quality that is affected to buying determination of customers together. The model of Positive analysis had two types. The first model studied the mutual relation between economical/social change factors and special quality of brand. And, the second model studied the mutual relation between the cause of special quality of brand and formation of brand image through regression analysis. Therefore, the construction of sensitive brand image for forming brand must be requested. The sensitive brand image is highly related to preference of sensibility, and it must be based on mind identity & visual identity. And, mind identity must have creation of value, satisfaction, combination of community, personal preference, etc. Visual identity must have esthetic order, and originality of molding, etc. Namely, brand image must form the accommodation of era change, personality & sensibility satisfaction, the effectiveness of service, etc., in order to create effective brand image.