• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.155-168
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• 1992

The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the image dimensions of apparel stores according to how the consumers rate the importance of store attributes; (2) to classify the apparel stores in Seoul, Korea according to consumers' perception of the image attributes of their preferred store; (3) to develop a positioning map of the apparel stores according to their salient image dimensions; and (4) to classify the female adults in Seoul according to the criteria of their preferred store and to describe the characteristics of target customers according to storetype. 'A questionnaire was developed to measure store patronage, perceived importance of the store image attributes, perception of the store image attributes for the respondent's most frequently patronized store, and demographic information. Data from 520 female adults living in Seoul were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. The image dimensions of fashion stores were product quality, shopping convenience, location, promotion, atmosphere, product information, design characteristics and price. 2. The apparel stores in Seoul were classified into five groups by the perception of store image, which were labeled as national chain store, designer store, specialty store, wholesale store and independent store, according to their discriminant characteristics. 3. According to the positioning map, product quality and location convenience were identified as the most important apparel store type patronage criteria. 4. The female adult group divided by store preference indicated significant differences in the perceived importance of store attributes. Each group showed multi-store patronage.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.143-157
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to identify the dimensions of both store and PB apparel product attributes at large discount stores, and to empirically examine the effects of each dimension of store and PB apparel product attributes on satisfaction with PB apparel products and on repurchase intension. Questionnaires were given to 264 large discount store customers, who have experienced buying PB apparel products at large discount stores. The results were as follows. First, purchased PB items and image, improvement of PB apparel products showed differences by gender. Second, the dimensions for store attributes were categorized as convenient of shopping environment, product quality, customer service, advertising reach, convenient location, and reasonable prices. The PB apparel product attributes were categorized as material handling management, quality, fashion ability, and brand power. Third, generally, both store and PB apparel product attributes at large discount stores are significantly related to PB apparel satisfaction and repurchase intention. PB satisfaction and repurchase intention of males were partly affected by store attributes and PB apparel product attributes. PB satisfaction and repurchasing intention of females, however, were partly affected by only PB apparel product attributes, not store attributes.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.4
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• pp.197-211
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• 1999

The purpose of the research is (1) to identify the usage of Quick Response technologies (QRT) by apparel retailers and the improvement of store attributes by QRT, and (2) to test a conceptual model which examines Consumer Satisfaction(CS) with apparel retail stores. A convenience sample of 32 retailers and 200 apparel consumers participated in the survey research. The most used technology is sales captured at the item level and the store attribute most improved by QRT is fast turnaround of goods. Disconfirmation(DC) (i.e., QRT based, non-QRT based attributes) had significant effects on CS with apparel retail stores. DC of QRT based attributes (e.g. reduced stockout) have more influence on CS than DC of non-QRT based attributes (e.g., location of store).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.75-89
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide information how to locate a apparel store based on target age, merchandise's type and price. Three trade areas in Seoul are chosen: Myeong-dong which is the biggest trade area in Korea; Kangnam station one of representative Kangnam trade areas; and Myeongil-Dong a neighborhood trade area. This study is mainly performed by analysing the locations of the stores in the given areas. The result shows that the main apparel stores in Myeong-dong are casual wear stores for young people with the range of mid-high price. The stores in Kangnam station trade area also sell the casual wear for young people but they are mostly mid-low priced. In the trade area of Myeongil-dong, however, there are various kinds of mid-priced apparel stores for residents of all ages. Apparel stores for formal wear, casual wear, and formal-casual wear tend to be located side by side. But other kinds do not. These results show that affinity is found in some types of apparel stores by the analysis of the next-door apparel stores.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 1998

The aim of this paper is to investigate the women's apparel distribution channel in the well-known department stores located in the central Seoul area. Since the department store has its reputation, information and enormous buying power, it is the one of the major leading retails in the women's apparel industry. In doing so, the relationship between the channel members in terms of the level of dependence, power sources and perceived conflict and manifest conflict has been studied. Particularly, based on French and Raven's power sources, position source is added. It refers to a channel member's (Merchandizer in the department store) source over another based on the expection the former (Merchandizer in the department store) will be able to allocate the location and size of the store influencing the latter's sale and profit. The key informants are the merchandizers who work in the apparel companies contracting with major department stores. Finally, of the 284 questionnaires collected, 235 are usable. The hypotheses are tested through LISREL. The results of statistical analysis support that : Dependence has a positive effect on noncoercive bases of power. Coercive bases of power have a positive effect on manifest conflict as well as perceived conflict while noncoercive bases of power have a negative effect mainly on manifest conflict. Thus, the relation between the major department stores and the women's apparel companies in there seems to have bilateral dependence rather than highly unilateral dependence.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.12 s.202
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• pp.161-174
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• 2004

The primary objective of this study was to employ Darden's store patronage model in order to investigate the role that shopping orientation and store attributes play in store patronage. The study sample consisted of 340 female university students residing in Seoul. The data was analyzed by using path analysis and factor analysis. The recreational shopping orientation played a greater role in influencing the importance of store attributes than did the convenience shopping orientation. Recreational shoppers want a variety of brands and convenience shoppers can be attracted by a convenient location and availability of parking. Six important store attributes(variety of products and price level, proximity, variety of trendy brands, store decor, sales promotion, sales personnel) have a differential influence on store patronage. Shopping orientation was a direct predictor of patronage behavior and mediated the relationship between shopping orientation and store attribute importance. The finding indicated that both the recreational shopping orientation and convenience shopping orientation can be used effectively to position store patronage in such a way as to provide a strong means for shoppers to satisfy their needs. The findings of this study demonstrated that South Korean female shoppers with different shopping orientation have different store attribute preference and store patronage. The results provide a basis for building a successful strategy to attract shoppers and generate sales. The study focused on a specific product category, i.e., women's apparel. To meet the needs of female apparel shoppers, further research is needed to learn more about the distinctive characteristics of Korean consumers that could be applied to a variety of jobs, ages and living areas.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2014

This study investigated the store switching behavior of fashion stores targeting college students. A random sample of college students completed a questionnaire that contained measurements of store property, relationship quality, switching intent of store, preference of on/offline store, purchase of brand/non-brand product and monthly clothing expenses. The factors extracted as switching behavior of on/offline fashion store are store property, relationship quality and switching intent of store. Dimensions of store switching behavior in online shopping mall is revealed to be composed of diversity/ easy to search, store reliability, home page layout, sales promotion, reliability, commitment and switching intent of store. Also those of offline store is revealed to be composed of store comfort/salespeople service, product diversity, store location, product price, reliability, commitment and switching intent of store. The significant differences were found between store switching behavior of college students by preference of on/offline store and purchase of national brand/non brand. It is expected that this results can be used as a basic material for further study and setting up the fashion retailing strategies in fashion store for selling non brand products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.7 s.155
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• pp.1066-1077
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of store attributes, purchasing experience, clothing product evaluation and store trust on store loyalty of discount store. With convenience sampling, the research was surveyed to women who have bought apparels at the discount store. The 374 responses were analyzed by frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability test, t-test and hierarchical regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, the clothing product evaluation was significantly affected by the variety of products, reliable advertisement, good display, convenient store location, purchasing cost and buying experience of PB apparel. Second, the trust of discount store was significantly affected by store attributes, purchasing experience and clothing product evaluation. Third, the discount store loyalty was analyzed as fashion store loyalty. The store loyalty was affected by purchasing experience and clothing product evaluation. Fourth, the clothing product evaluation and store loyalty were appeared high by people who had bought PB, PNB and trendy apparels.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.7
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• pp.375-390
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• 2001

Currently the super power of department stores over their tenants has mentioned in Korean apparel newspapers very often. It may be the one that the government in fashion industry has not delved into the relationship between department stores and their tenants. The aim in here is to look at the conceptual framework of power based on the retail power oriented and to explain current issues with its theoretical backgrounds. Due to the inherent of retailer power oriented, this study involves not only in French and Raven's power sources but also in positioning power source that is the ability of allocating the location and adjusting size of the store. 235 samples are tested through Lisrel. The results of statistical analysis show that: The power of department store over that perceived by the tenant has negatively influenced countervailing power of the tenant upon department store. The coercive power sources of department store have positively influenced the power of department store over that perceived by the tenant while the non-coercive power sources have not significantly influenced on it. The countervailing power of the tenant has positively influenced the non-coercive power sources of department store perceived by the tenant. On the other hand, the countervailing power of the tenant has not significantly influenced the coercive power sources of department store perceived by the tenant. The implication of these results is that the retailer oriented power sources and its implements differs from the manufacturer oriented ones in the framework of power. A great deal more research is required in order that the relationship between department store and its tenants can be better understood.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2019

This study identified types of online retail internationalization in the fast-fashion context and proposed driving factors of retailers' choices in online-based market entry following the logic of the Uppsala model and the eclectic theory. In particular, this study proposes three types of online-based internationalization: 1) entering a host market with a physical store first, and then expanding with an online store, 2) entering a foreign market with an online store, then expanding to physical stores, and 3) entering only with an online business. In addition, this study investigated the causal factors, ownership-specific and location advantages, that influence the choice of the type of developmental process of online-based internationalization. To develop theoretical and managerial insights into the issue researched, this study employed a qualitative research design involving case studies of three European fast-fashion retailers, H&M, TOPSHOP, and ASOS. This study suggested that fast-fashion retailers that enter a host market with high ownership-specific advantages are likely to choose to enter the market with physical stores and then expand with online stores. On the other hand, when faced with uncertainties attributable to low ownership-specific or location advantages, fast-fashion retailers are likely to choose to enter with an online store first and then expand with physical stores as conditions change. Consequently, this study provides a better understanding for fast-fashion retailers who are willing to expand their businesses to foreign markets via online stores.