• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.66-78
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• 2023

The sea hare Aplysia kurodai is an economic species located along the Korean coast. This study aimed to investigate the stomach contents of A. kurodai and its relationship with marine algal flora surrounding their habitat. A. kurodai and marine algae were sampled in seven and five areas in the East and the South seas, respectively. The marine algae found in the stomach and surrounding marine habitat were identified. In the East Sea of Korea, 134 species of seaweed were recorded. Thirty-nine species of marine algae were identified in the stomach contents of A. korudai collected from the East Sea of Korea. Seventy-five species of seaweed were collected in the South Sea of Korea. In addition, 26 species of marine algae were identified in the stomach contents of A. kurodai from the South Sea of Korea. Among the stomach contents of A. kurodai, ten sheet,12 filamentous, 27 coarsely branched, and one jointed calcareous form species were identified.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.791-803
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• 2012

This study intends to identify applicability of natural dye extracted from Aplysia kurodai, aiming to standardization of Aplysia kurodai natural dyeing through scientific validation by analyzing characteristics of pigment elements to review dyeability, colorfastness and antibacterial activity. Such material as silk fabrics that is animal fiber were used for this purpose, and derived following summarized results. UV/VIS spectrum analysis on the pigment of Aplysia kurodai that was extracted from purple gland showed that maximum absorbtion was near 540 nm. The silk fabric optimal dyeing can be achieved at a temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ with a colorant concentration of 5%. Dyed at $55^{\circ}C$ with interval of 10~90 minutes for identifying dye uptake over time to observed slow increase of dye uptake over time, and equilibrium occurred at 50 minutes. For dye uptake according to pH, while dye uptake was superior in acidity, it decreased rapidly in a base after pH 7. For color changes according to pH variation, it was reddish purple in acidity and was purplish red in a base. For color changes according to mordanting method, more clear color change had been obtained when process with aluminium pre-mordanting than non-mordanting and post-mordanting. The colorfastness to light, perspiration and washing was 1, 4~5, and 3~4 ratings respectively. The silk fabric dyed with Aplysia kurodai demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Aplysia kurodai can be used as a new colorant for the natural dyeing of silk.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

Gonadal development and reproductive cycle of Aplysia kurodai inhabiting the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea were investigated based on monthly changes of gonadosomatic index, gametogenesis, and developmental phases of ovotestis. A. kurodai was simultaneous hermaphrodite; the ovotestis generally embedded in the posterior dorsal surface of the brownish digestive gland. The ovotestis is composed of a large number of follicles, and both oocytes and sperm are produced in the same follicles. In the sampling periods, the adult A. kurodai population have characteristic of seasonal pattern present during only 10 months. The reproductive cycle can be grouped into the following successive stages in the ovary: inactive (December to February), active (December to April), mature and spawning (April to September). The gonadal development of A. kurodai coincided with rising temperature, and spawning occurred from April to September, when the temperature was high. The histological observations of the ovotestis suggested that this species have a single spawning season that extend over six months.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2011

본 실험에서는 군소로부터 다당류를 추출 정제한 다당 분획물을 혈액 림프구와 대식 세포주를 사용하여 면역 조절효과를 실험해 보았다. 군소부터 추출 분획한 다당류는 48시간 동안 처리 시 Jurkat cell의 증식률을 40% 이상 증가시켰으며, 혈액암 세포종인 Jiyoye cell에 대하여는 그 성장률이 농도에 따라 감소하였다. 그렇지만 Jurkat cell에 24시간과 48시간 동안 군소 다당 분획물을 처리하였을 때 IL-2와 IFN-$\gamma$ 생성량의 유의적인 증가는 확인할 수 없었다. 그러나 RAW264.7 cell line에 대하여는 IL-12의 경우는 47% 이상 증가하여, 군소 다당 분획물의 면역 조절 효과의 가능성을 보여주었다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2005

군소(Aplysia Kurodai, sea hare)의 내장 또는 알을 섭취한 후 아플리시아닌(aplysianin) 자연독에 의해 독성간염이 발생할 수 있다. 저자들은 경상북도 울릉군 울릉의료원을 방문한 군소 알을 섭취한 후 급성 독성간염이 발생한 2예를 경험 하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자 A는 47세 남자로 2003년 5월 17일 울릉도 바닷가에서 군소와 알을 직접 채취하여 내장을 제거하고 삶아 먹은 10시간 30분 후 구역 및 구토, 복통, 수양성설사와 급성 독성간염이 발생하였다. 환자 B는 48세 남자로 2004년 5월 16일 울릉도 바닷가에서 군소와 알을 직접 채취하여 내장을 제거하고 삶아 먹은 10시간 30분 후 구역 및 구토, 복통, 수양성설사와 급성 독성간염이 발생하였다. 환자들은 내원 당시 탈수 소견을 보여 수액공급 및 혈청 전해질 불균형을 교정하고 전격간염으로 진행 여부를 관찰하면서 보존적 치료를 시행하여 호전되었다. 저자가 파악하기로는, 본 사례 보고가 군소 알을 섭취한 후 독성간염이 발생한 국내 첫 보고이다. 군소의 내장 또는 알을 섭취한 후 중독증이 발생할 수 있다는 사실을 의료인과 일반인이 인지하고 정확한 진단과 예방을 위하여 노력하여야 할 것이다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.133-137
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• 2003

Secreted proteins and membrane proteins play key roles in the formation, differentiation, and maintenance of multicellular organisms. In this study, we undertook to characterize these protein types in the central nervous system of the marine snail Aplysia kurodai using a yeast-based signal sequence trap method. One hundred and three cDNA clones were obtained by screening 300,000 clones from the signal sequence trap cDNA library. Of these, twelve were identical to previously identified Aplysia genes, 19 were related to known proteins in other organisms, and 54 clones were novel. These 54 new genes had high signal peptide scores or were found likely to contain a transmembrane domain sequence. Only 18 of the 103 clones proved to be false positive. The study demonstrates that the signal sequence trap method is an effective tool for Isolating Aplysia genes encoding secreted and membrane proteins.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2014

This study was investigated spawning behavior, structure of egg masses and egg development in Aplysia kurodai inhabiting the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea. The mating and courtship behavior of A. kurodai occurred in the form of unilateral copulating with chain formation. In chain copulation, only the first animal acted as a female; the second and succeeding animals acted as males (sperm donors) to the animals in front and as females to the animals behind. The fertilized eggs were packaged in capsules that are embedded in jelly to form a cylindrical string called an egg masses. The number of capsule per cm of the egg masses was 55 to 60 capsules and each capsule within the egg masses held 15 to 25 eggs. After spawning, the egg masses were bright yellow or orange in color. This egg masses color not changed until embryos developed into trochophore stage. Thereafter, as embryo developed from trochophore stage to veliger stage the egg masses color became brownish. The fertilized eggs were spherical, with a diameter of approximately $80{\pm}1{\mu}m$ at spawning. At 5 to 6 days after spawning, the embryo developed into trochophore stage and began to rotate within the egg capsule. In the trochophore stage, the precursor of the velum, called the prototroch or prevelum, developed. At 10 days after spawning, the prevelum is transformed into the velum, and the trochophore developed into veliger stage. Between 10 to 15 days after spawning, the veligers broke out of the egg capsule, and hatched as free-swimming larvae.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2015

This study investigated structure and function of the reproductive system in Aplysia kurodai by means of anatomical, histological, and histochemical observation. Reproductive system of this species is consisted of ovotestis, small hermaphroditic duct, ampulla, accessory genital mass and large hermaphroditic duct. The ovotestis is composed of a large number of follicles, and both oocytes and spermatocytes matured in the same follicle. The small hermaphroditic duct is a single tube and contains a swelling, the ampulla, which functions as a storage organ for endogenous sperm and an oviduct. The accessory genital mass is connected to both the small and large hermaphroditic duct, and consisted of three glands: albumen, membrane (winding) and mucus gland. The albumen gland is consisted of granular cells producing basophilic and neutral mucopolysaccharides. The membrane and mucus gland are consisted of granular cells producing acidophilc and sulfated mucopolysaccharides. The large hermaphroditic duct is a single tubular gonoduct linking the accessory genital mass to the common genital aperture but is consisted of two parallel compartments. Internally, these two compartments are incompletely divided by internal septum or fold, which are called as the red hemiduct and white hemiduct, respectively. The red hemiduct functions as an oviduct and the white hemiduct functions as a copulatory duct. The reproductive system of A. kurodai is externally comprised a single tube, i.e., monaulic type. However, internal structure of duct is incompletely divided into oviduct and copulatory duct, i.e., the oodiaulic type.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2002년도 춘계 수산관련학회 공둥학술발표회
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• pp.431-432
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• 2002

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 1998년도 수산관련공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.375.1-376
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• 1998