• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

The relationships between aphids, plants, other organisms and some physical components of the environment are reviewed. Aspects considered include year cycles, polymorphism fecundity, relationship of different groups of aphids with particular groups of plants, honeydew, alarm pheromones, aposematic colouring, camouflage, colour variation within species, morphological variation within species, multivariate analysis and problems of its interpretation, parasitism, stridulating mechanisms, predators, coevolution of plants and aphids, plant galls, trapping aphids and the interpretation of trap catches, an curation of aphid collections. References are given to sources of information about aphids, with special reference to the Korean fauna.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.549-557
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• 2016

Aphids are a large group of hemipteran pests that affect the physiology, growth, and development of plants by using piercing mouthparts to consume fluids from the host. Based an recent data, aphids modulate the microbiomes of plants and thereby affect the overall outcome of the biological interaction. However, in a few reports, aboveground aphids manipulate the metabolism of the host and facilitate infestations by rhizosphere bacteria (rhizobacteria). In this study, we evaluated whether aphids alter the plant resistance that is mediated by the bacterial community of the root system. The rhizobacteria were affected by aphid infestation of pepper, and a large population of gram-positive bacteria was detected. Notably, Paenibacillus spp. were the unique gram-positive bacteria to respond to changes induced by the aphids. Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 was used as a rhizobacterium model to assess the recruitment of bacteria to the rhizosphere by the phloem-sucking of aphids and to test the effect of P. polymyxa on the susceptibility of plants to aphids. The root exudates secreted from peppers infested with aphids increased the growth rate of P. polymyxa E681. The application of P. polymyxa E681 to pepper roots promoted the colonization of aphids within 2 days of inoculation. Collectively, our results suggest that aphid infestation modulated the root exudation, which led to the recruitment of rhizobacteria that manipulated the resistance of peppers to aphids. In this study, new information is provided on how the infestation of insects is facilitated through insect-derived modulation of plant resistance with the attraction of gram-positive rhizobacteria.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.353-355
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• 2000

The seasonal occurrence of aphids was investigated in the soybean Held to increase the control efficiency of aphid vectors of Soybean Mosaic Virus. The patterns of aphids occurrence were different according to planting time. There were two peaks in late June and mid-August in aphid population in optimum seeding (May 20), whereas the peak was around mid-June in early seeding(Apr, 20). Acyrthosiphon solani was dominant Species in early seeding, while Aphis glycines was dominant in optimum seeding. In early seeding, SMV incidence increased rapidly between 20 June and 30 June, suggesting that virus spread was strongly correlated with increased colonization of aphids. Imidacloprid WP, benfuracarb EC and acephate WP showed a good effect for the control of aphids without phytotoxicity. In the plot with infurrow treatment of imidachloprid G until 52 days after shooting, aphids were controled effectively. Acephate WP was applied as a foliar spray at V4, V6, or V4/V6 stage and all the treatments were effective on reducing: SMV incidence.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.217-222
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• 1998

Green peach aphid, Myzus persicae(Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae), interacts with many predatory insects in potato fields during the summer. The concept of the predator complex associated with green peach aphids was applied to explain the interactions between the aphid and its predators. The predator power of the predator complex was determined by two factors: the number of predators and the relative feeding capacity. The dynamics of the green peach aphid population was expressed by the number of individuals while the predator power was used to characterize the predator complex. Cumulative degree-days for green peach aphids were used as a time scale to analyze phonology and dynamics patterns of the aphid and its predator complex. The patterns of population changes in aphids were similar during the period of study(1993-1995) although the highest density of aphids fluctuated significantly from year to year. However, the predator power appeared more stable than the green peach aphid population over the three year period. The results indicated that the predator complex plays an important role to suppress the aphid populations during the latter part of the season and that the applications of control measures for green peach aphids in between the initiation and the peak timing of aphid populations are critical to minimize the damage on potatoes.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.20 no.2 s.47
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• pp.112-116
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• 1981

This study was conducted to investigate the seasonal occurrence of aphids and to evaluate their efficacy in the field for the control of some aphids on soybean when Carbofuran, Disulfoton and Ortran were applied infurrow at the planting time in 1976. Foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani) and soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) were dominat species in soybean field and there were two peaks in the year. The patterns of occurence of aphids were different between in field and yellow-pan. Carbofuran and Disulfoton showed a good effect for the control of aphids but Ortran was less effective.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.59-71
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• 2000

The Asian ladybird, Harmonia axyridis, might be distinguished in biological control agents for the several aphid species in the greenhouses as well as in the fields. Therefore, feeding behavior and predacious capability characteristics were observed. When ladybirds are searching for aphids as their preys, they use the maxillary palpus as contact reception. Otherwise, most of aphids escape from walking or chewing ladybird to other place (mainly move to near-by leaf, or fall down to the under-leaf or ground) instead of plant sucking. Consumed time of ladybirds for searching and feeding prey were significantly different and dependent on their development stage. The ladybird adults ate about 120 green peach aphids and 257 cotton aphids per day. The 3rd instar of ladybirds ate 2,420 and 2,750 eggs of greenhouse whitefly on the cucumber and tomato leaf, respectively, as well. However, ladybird instars taken greenhouse whitefly eggs could not continuously develope to adult, on the other hand, ladybirds taken aphids were normal condition.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1970

To investigate provincial seed Potato Production farms, a Preliminary survey on the local population of the aphids was made in Sulchon alphine area, Mooju-Goon, Chollapuk-Bo where the climatic conditions were almost same as those of Taegwanryong Kangwon-Do, where Alpine Experimental station is located. This area stands from 650 to 900 metres above the sea level and divided three location of A. B, C, by altitude. A stands at 900 metres above the sea level. B at 750 metres and C at 650 metres. A and B divided three points: Al, A2, A3, and Bl, B2, B3- and divided four points-Cl, C2, C3, C4- at the distance of 300 metres apart each other. The traps were operated from July 21 to October 31, 1969. Otherwise, the traps established at Suwon (inland) and Taegwanryong where Alpine Experimental Station. A total of some 70 species including five virus vector species were identified. The Numbers of species at 10 locations, Suwon and Taegwanryong are as follows; Al-34, A2-38, A3-29, B1-25, B2-26, B3-29, C1-27, C2-14, C3-32, C4-37, species (Table 1), Suwon-49 species (including 5 virus vectors species), Taegwanryong-22 species (including 4 virus vector species). The aphids are shown in Table 1 and the Vectors are as follows: 1. Aphis gossypii Glover 2. Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) 3. Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) 4. Myzus persicae(Sulzer) 5. Phorodon humuli (Schrank) Numbers of vectors versus total aphid at each locations, including inland (Suwon) and alpine area (Taegwanryong) where Alpine Experimental Station are as Fig. 1. Of a total 8,902 aphids, 6,400 $(80\%)$ were Tetraneura sp. The number of aphids devoid of the number of Tetraneura sp. are as follows; (Numbers means mean of each locations) A; 215. B; 115, C; 176 and Suwon; 2,952, Taegwanryong; 247. Densities of aphids at the locations is lower :han those at Suwon and Taegwanryong. And density of vectors at the locations, at ranged from 11 to 37, is love. than those at inland (Suwon; 197) and alpine area (Taegwanryong; 90). Thus, this area is suitable for seed potato production as Multiplication field.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.287-295
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• 2022

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is efficiently transmitted in a semi-persistent manner by the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy)). Currently, the most sensitive method for detecting plant viruses in insect vectors is reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In this study, the elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) gene and acidic p0 ribosomal protein (RPAP0) gene were confirmed to be suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in viruliferous T. citricida aphids using the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper tools. Then the relative CTV titer in aphids (T. citricida) at different post-acquisition feeding times on healthy plants was quantified by RT-qPCR using EF-1α and RPAP0 as reference genes. The relative CTV titer retained in the aphids gradually decreased with increasing feeding time. During the first 0.5 h of feeding time on healthy plants, the remaining CTV titer in aphids showed about 80% rapid loss for the highly transmissible isolate CT11A and 40% loss for the poorly transmissible isolate CTLJ. The relative CTV titer in aphids during more than 12 h post-acquisition times for CT11A was significantly lower than at the other feeding times, which is similar to the trend found for CTLJ. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the relative titer variation of CTV remaining in T. citricida at different post-acquisition feeding times on healthy plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2002

Based on accumulated data during 1977-2001, seasonal fluctuations of migrated aphids at Daegwallyeong highlands were analyzed. In addition, rates of PLRV transmission by migrated aphids were investigated by inoculation on indicator plant, Physazis floridana, and ELISA in 2000-2001, and the change of PLRV transmission rates by aphids was compared with that of 1989-1991. The average migrated aphid population densities in 1976-1980, 1991-1995, and 1996-2000 were 575.2, 2959.4 and 2281.6, respectively, showing gradual increase in recent years. The average peak time of aphid migration was from early to mid June during 1977-2001, showing any significant differences over the years. The dominant species, however, changed slowly; before mid 1980s M. persicae flied dominantly, but after mid 1980s Aphis gossypii did. Hahm et al. (1991) reported that PLRV transmission rate of migrated aphids during 1989-1991 was 6.7-10.0%. In 2000-2001, however, migrated aphids at Daegwallyeong highland showed 10.1-11.0%. Although present PLRV transmission rate was slightly higher than that of 10 years ago, taking increased population densities and diversity of migrated aphids into account, there was no significant change of PLRV transmission rate over the years.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1700-1703
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• 2007

Microorganisms capable of degrading crude oil were isolated and grown in soybean oil as a sole carbon source. The microbial cultures were used to control green peach aphids in vitro. Approximately 60% mortality of aphids was observed when the cultures were applied alone onto aphids. To examine the cultures as a pesticide formulation mixture, the cultures were combined with a low dose of the insecticide imidacloprid (one-fourth dose of recommended field-application rate) and applied onto aphids. The cultures enhanced significantly the insecticidal effectiveness of imidacloprid, which was higher than imidacloprid alone applied at the low dose. The isolated microorganisms exhibited high emulsifying index values and decreased surface tension values after being grown in soybean oil media. GC/MS analyses showed that microorganisms degraded soybean oil to fatty acids. The cultures were suggested to play the roles of wetting, spreading, and sticking agents to improve the effectiveness of imidacloprid. This is the first report on the control of aphids by using oil-degrading microbial cultures.