• Title/Summary/Keyword: Aphid

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Resistance Resources for the Foxglove Aphid in Soybeans (콩에서 흡즙해충 싸리수염진딧물 저항성 자원의 발굴)

  • Koh, Hong-Min;Park, Sumin;Kim, Kyung Hye;Kim, Ji Min;Lee, Taeklim;Heo, Jinho;Lee, Ju Seok;Jung, Jinkyo;Kang, Sungteag
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.63 no.3
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    • pp.257-264
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    • 2018
  • The recent global climate change induced the drought, flooding, and insect pest outbreaks. These caused the severe damage to crop yield in the domesticated field and occurrence change of insect pest species. The sap-sucking insect pest, aphids are common in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and cause serious yield losses. Thus, developing resistance cultivars is promising and efficient strategy to prevent the significant yield losses by aphid and screening germplasm is the essential procedure to achieve this goal. We tried to establish a resistance test indicator for foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), in soybean and found that plant damage degree or infested plant damage is most suitable one. Also we screened around 1,200 of soybean germplasm including wild and cultivated species for its resistance to foxglove aphid from the various origins, and 67 soybeans, including PI 366121, showed antixenosis resistance, 31 germplasms among 67 antixenosis germplasms were showed antibiosis to foxglove aphid with non-choice test. The identified foxglove aphid resistant soybean resources showed significantly low rate in survival test. Furthermore, resistance type, (i.e., antibiosis or antixenosis) of each candidate were varied. In this research, we established the screening index for foxglove aphid resistance in soybean, and identified the resistance varieties. This result could be useful resources in breeding for new foxglove aphid resistance soybean cultivars, and provide fundamental information to investigate the resistance mechanism in soybean.

Screening of Resistant Lines and Yield Losses to F1 Corn from Feeding by the Aphid and Mite (진딧물과 응애 가해에 의한 옥수수 F1의 수량감소율 과 저항성계통 선발)

  • Lee, Joon-Soo;Kim, Soon-Kwon
    • Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.555-564
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    • 2010
  • Aphid and mite are the major insects that harm corn. These insects are difficult to control because they are very sensitive to environmental conditions. The purpose of this experiment was to information the loss in quantity of corn and to select inbred lines with resistance after exposing corn to aphid and mite. When exposed to aphid, the average loss in grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, 100 kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness were 18.4, 10.9, 1.7, 5.4, 2.3, 1.5 and -0.2%, respectively. When exposed to mite, the average loss in grain yield, ear length, ear diameter, 100 kernel weight, kernel length, kernel width, and kernel thickness were 49.7, 16.5, 20.7, 18.9, 9.5, and -3.4, respectively. Mite had more significant impact on the loss than aphid. Among these factors, grain yield and ear dimater were most significantly correlated on the loss to aphid ($r=0.83^{**}$), while kernel length and thickness were most significantly correlated on the loss to mite ($r=0.83^{**}$). However, ear length was not related to loss to the two insects. The inbred lines that were often used for $F_1$ hybrid which was lower than the average loss by aphid, were KS7, B68, 61B3, 70A1, and KS5, while the inbred lines that were often used for $F_1$ hybrid which was lower than the average decrease by mite, were KS7, B68, 61B3, 66B2-4, 70A1, 72B2, and KS5. These inbred lines could be used to breed inbred lines, hybrid, and open pollination variety that confer resistant to aphid and mite.

Studies on the Correlation between Virus Diseases and Aphid Vectors in Radish Fields (무우바이러스병과 매개진딧물과의 상관관계에 관하여)

  • Choi Hong Kyu;So In Young;Park Kean Ho
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.23 no.1 s.58
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    • pp.28-36
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    • 1984
  • The relationship between ratio of virus diseases and the population of aphid vectors was studied by planting radishes(Rophanus sativus L. var. Chungsu gungjung) every 10 days and collecting aphids from April to November at Jeonju, Korea in 1982. Alate aphids were collected with yellow pan traps and virus infection ratios were checked with symptoms. The populations of flying aphids showed two peaks, one in the late May and one in the middle October in Jeonju and the population of aphid vectors also showed the same inclination. Of aphid vectors, Myzus persicae, Lipaphis erysimi, Brevicoryne brassicae, and Aphisgossypii were trapped and their percentages to total trapped aphids were $62.82\%(39,260/62,499)$ M. persicae was the most prevalent species and its percentages to aphid vectors were $82.53\%(32,401/39,260)$. High and sudden increase in virus infection ratio was found in spring while the trend in autumn was slow and low. A correlation coefficient between the population of virus vector aphid and virus infection ratio was $r=0.7414^*(\hat{Y}=8.1444+0.0551X)$ in spring and $r=0.9117^{**}(\hat{Y}=10.2590+0.463X)$ in autumn. The symptoms of radish virus diseases appeared approximately 15 days after virus vector aphids had attacked. Virus infection ratios were higher on plots where virus infected plants were reserved than on plots where they were removed.

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Resistance Mechanisms of Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Homoptera: Aphididae), to Imidacloprid (복숭아혹진딧물(Myzus persicae)의 imidacloprid에 대한 저항성 기작)

  • 최병렬;이시우;유재기
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.265-271
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    • 2001
  • Resistance mechanisms in the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) resistant to imidacloprid were investigated. Imidacloprid residues on the aphid integuments decreased slowly as time passed with no significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains. Residue in the aphid body increased in both strains with time elapse, and was slightly more in the susceptible strain. A higher metabolic rate of imidacloprid in the resistant strain can be expected by the fact that more amount of imidacloprid were excreted in the resistant strain than in the susceptible one. The activity of AChE was higher 1.4 times in the resistant strain than in the susceptible one, and imidacloprid did not inhibit AChE at all in both strains. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and iprobenfos (IBP) synergized imidacloprid activity. The mixtures of imidacloprid and PBO (1 : 1 and 1 : 5) caused 69.4- and 250-fold increase of imidacloprid toxicity against the aphid. Insecticide toxicity of the mixtures of IBP and imidacloprid (1 : 1 and 1 : 5) was also increased 227 and 80.6 times. Esterase activity when $\alpha$-naphtyl butyrate and $\beta$-naphtyl acetate were used as substrates was higher in the resistance strain than in the susceptible one. This means that P450 monooxygenase and esterase are responsible for the resistance to imidacloprid in this aphid strain.

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Occurrence and Ecological Characteristics of Colour Morphs of the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus Persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera : Aphididae) in Tobacco Field (담배포장에서의 복숭아혹진딧물 체색형별 발생과 생태적 특성)

  • 손준수;송유한
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.76-83
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    • 1994
  • The dominant colour - types of fundatrices of green peach aphid, Myzsts persicae 5. were yellow - green, red and green. Yellow type was the minority among nymphs produced by field collected alatae. Rate of producing dead nymphs was over 34.0% in red and yellow types apterae grown from tobacco plants in early summer. Brown and green were the dominant colour - type in apterae throughout tobacco growing season. Brown type on tobacco, and yellow type on hot pepper and tomato grew better and produced more nymphs than other colour - types.

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Zoophthora phalloides Batko (Zygomycetes: Entomophthoraceae), a Fungal Parasite of the Aphid Dactynotus species in Korea (Dactynotus 진딧물의 국내 미기록 곤충병원성 곰팡이, Zoophthora phalloides에 관한 보고)

  • Yoon, Cheol-Sik;Sung, Gi-Ho;Lee, Seung-Hwan;Yun, Tae-Yu;Lee, Jeang-Oon
    • The Korean Journal of Mycology
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    • v.26 no.4 s.87
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    • pp.413-415
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    • 1998
  • An entomophthoraceous fungus, Zoophthora phalloides, was found in populations of the aphid Dactynotus species, at National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, and Jeonnam Provincial RDA during June, 1998. Occurrence of the fungus and aphid has never been recorded in Korea. Microscopic observations of this fungus are described, and illustrated. The fungus has sausage-shaped primary conidia with $28.98\;{\mu}m$ in length, and two types of secondary conidiophores. Our specimens exhibit closer relationship with the North American isolates than with the European isolates on the basis of conidial length described by other study.

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Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Entomopathogenic Lecanicillium attenuatum CNU-23 for Control of Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae)

  • Kim, Hyang-Yeon;Lee, Hyang-Burm;Kim, Young-Cheol;Kim, In-Seon
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.1915-1918
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    • 2008
  • An entomopathogenic fungus was isolated from an infected aphid. The isolate conformed most closely to Lecanicillium attenuatum CBS 402.78 (AJ292434) based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of its 18S rDNA, and thus was designated L. attenuatum CNU-23. Laboratory and field evaluations of CNU-23 blastospores were carried out for the control of green peach aphids. The laboratory evaluations of CNU-23 revealed an aphid mortality of about 80% with an estimated $LT_{50}$ of 3.72 days after the application of CNU-23 at $1{\times}10^6$ blastospores/ml. Meanwhile, the field evaluations of CNU-23 performed on greenhouse pepper plants during the rainy season showed an aphid mortality ranging from 72% to 97%. Significant sporulation was observed in the aphids treated with CNU-23. Therefore, the results suggest that L. attenuatum CNU-23 can be used as a biocontrol agent for green peach aphids on greenhouse pepper plants.

Development and oviposition of Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) reared on three different insect preys (먹이 곤충에 따른 Orius strigicollis(Poppius)의 발육과 산란)

  • 김정환;한만위;이건형;김용헌;이정운;인치종
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.166-171
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    • 1997
  • To find out an alternative prey of Orius strigicollis Poppius in the laboratory continuous rearing system, cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii), two spotted spider mite (Tetmnychus urticae) and mold mite (Tyrophagus putrescenriae) were tested as alternative prey. Development and oviposition of 0. strigicollis were observed at 25f l0C, RH 60-80% and 16L:8D. Survival rate and developmental period of the nymphal stages of 0. strigicollis was 81. 6% and 11.6 days when fed on cotton aphid, 56.796, 14.6 days, 42.3% and 16.5 days when fed on two spotted spider mite and mold mite, respectively. Total oviposition of 0. strigicollis was 68.5 eggslfemaie fed on cotton aphid, 46.1 and 26.5 eggsifemale fed on two spotted spider mite and mold mite, respectively. Cotton aphid seems to be most suitable prey for rearing 0 . strigicollis among the three prey species tested.

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The Effects of Controlling the Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera, Aphididae) on Cucumber of Entomopahtogenic Fungus, Beauveria bassiana

  • Kang, Min-Ah;Youn, Young-Nam
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 2008
  • Beauveria bassiana can be used as a biological insecticide to control a number of pests. It has been known as that B. bassiana TBI-1 have a insecticidal effect on the twospotted spider mite (Teranychus urticae) and the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) these days. The biological pest control agent, B. bassiana, showed somewhat insecticidal activities against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii, too. After treatment with biological insecticide, the mean of increasing rate of aphids was at around recorded at around 0.21 while at around 0.24 in non-treated TBI-1 biological insecticide condition during 1 week. Consequently, it was found that treatment of Beauveria bassiana reduced an increasing rate of aphid population. Also, we could visually observe dead aphids changed as a reddish mold due to this insecticidal fungus. B. bassiana TBI-1 can significantly reduce an increasing rate of aphid population, so effective biological control against the cotton aphid are possible.

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